試卷第=page2020頁(yè)，共=sectionpages2020頁(yè)2/22022屆江西省萍鄉(xiāng)市高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語試題學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：___________一、閱讀理解Nothingenergizesofficeworkersmorethancomplainingaboutmeetings.Anditseemssomeoftheworld'sgreatesttechsuccessesagree.Here'ssomeoftheiradvice.MarkZuckerberg:Adecisionoradiscussion?TheFacebookCEOreportedlyimprovedtheeffectivenessofmeetingsbyaskingmanagerstoexplainthepointofameeting:tomakeadecisionortohaveadiscussion."Ifthere'snopoint,thentherearenodecisions,"MicrosoftfounderBillGatesmightagree.Heissupposedtohavesaid,"Youhaveameetingtomakeadecision,nottodecideonthequestion."ElonMusk:Itisnotrudetoleave.ElonMuskoncesentoutanemailtostaffinwhichhemadesome"recommendations"."Walkoutofameetingordropoffacallassoonasitisobviousyouaren'taddingvalue,"hewenton."Itisnotrudetoleave;itisrudetomakesomeonestayandwastetheirtime."JeffBezos:The"two--pizzarule".TheAmazonfoundermeetsinvestorsforjustsixhoursayear,andtriestoavoidearlymorningmeetings.BusinessInsiderreportsthatMr.Bezosalsohasastrictpolicy:Neverhaveameetinginwhichyoucouldn'tfeedthewholegroupwithtwopizzas.Thebusinessmanbelievessmallgroupsarefarmoreefficientthanlargeones,andthe"two-pizzarule"helpshimpreventlargemeetings.SteveJobs:NoneedforPowerPoint.WalterIsaacson'sbiographyofSteveJobsshowsthecreativegeniusbehindtheiPhonemakinganattackonslideshowusers."Peoplewhoknowwhattheyaretalkingaboutdon'tneedPowerPoint,"hesaid."GenerallyPowerPointpresentationsareagreatdistraction(使人分心的事物),unlessit'sdataoragraph,"saidProfessorAndreSpicer."Longslidesmeannoinformationbeingconveyed."1．WhatdidMarkZuckerbergandBillGatesbothstress?A．Howtohaveameeting. B．Whentohaveameeting.C．Thepurposeofhavingameeting. D．Theimportanceofhavingameeting.2．Whywasthe"two-pizzarule"putforward?A．Toofferbetterservicesforameeting. B．Toreducethecostofameeting.C．Toencourageshortmeetings. D．Tolimitthesizeofameeting.3．Fromtheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph,AndreSpicer'sopiniononslidesis

.A．lessismore B．themorethemerrierC．somethingisbetterthannothing D．a(chǎn)pictureisworthathousandwords【答案】1．C

2．D

3．A【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。沒有什么比抱怨會(huì)議更能讓辦公室職員精力充沛了。世界上一些最成功的科技公司似乎也同意這一點(diǎn)。文章敘述了他們的一些建議。1．推理判斷題。由MarkZuckerberg;Adecisionoradiscussion?部分中的“TheFacebookCEOreportedlyimprovedtheeffectivenessofmeetingsbyaskingmanagerstoexplainthepointofameeting”（據(jù)報(bào)道，這位Facebook首席執(zhí)行官通過要求經(jīng)理們解釋會(huì)議要點(diǎn)，提高了會(huì)議的效率。）和BillGates所說的“Youhaveameetingtomakeadecision,nottodecideonthequestion.”（你要開會(huì)做決定，而不是對(duì)問題做決定。）可推斷，這兩個(gè)人都在強(qiáng)調(diào)“為什么要開會(huì)”，也就是開會(huì)的目的是什么。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由JeffBezos:The“two-pizzarule”部分中的“Thebusinessmanbelievessmallgroupsarefarmoreefficientthanlargeones,andthe‘two-pizzarule’helpshimpreventlargemeetings.”（這位商人認(rèn)為，小團(tuán)隊(duì)比大團(tuán)隊(duì)效率高得多，“兩個(gè)披薩規(guī)則”(two-pizzarule)幫助他避免了大型會(huì)議。）可知，JeffBezos提出“兩份披薩原則”的目的是限制會(huì)議的規(guī)模。故選D。3．句意猜測(cè)題。由最后一段中AndreSpicer所說的“GenerallyPowerPointpresentationsareagreatdistraction（使人分心的事物）”和“Longslidesmeannoinformationbeingconveyed.”（長(zhǎng)幻燈片意味著沒有信息被傳達(dá)。）可推斷，他認(rèn)為很多時(shí)候PPT帶來的是一種干擾，幻燈片越多，傳遞的信息越少，反之亦然。故選A。FouTs'ong,aChinese-bornpianistknownforhissensitiveinterpretationsofChopin,DebussyandMozart.diedonMondayatahospitalinLondon,wherehehadlivedformanyyears.Hewas86.Aloverofclassicalmusicfromayoungage,Mr.Foubegantakingpianolessonswhenhewas7.Mr.Foumadehisfirststageappearancein1952.TheconcertcaughttheattentionofofficialsinBeijing,whoselectedhimtocompeteandtourinEasternEurope.Mr.FousoonmovedtoPoland,wherehestudiedattheWarsawConservatory(音樂學(xué)校)onascholarship.ToprepareforthefifthChopinCompetitioninWarsawin1955.hepracticedsodiligentlythathehurthisfingersandwasnearlycutfromthefirstroundofthecompetition.Mr.FouwasoneofthefirstChinesepianiststoachieveglobalprominencewhenhetookthethirdplaceintheInternationalChopinPianoCompetitioninWarsawin1955.HealsowonaspecialprizeforhisperformanceofChopin'smazurkas(馬祖卜舞曲).Almostovernight,hebecameanationalhero.ToChina,Mr.Fou'srecognitioninawell-knowninternationalcompetitionwasproofthatthecountrycouldstandonitsownartisticallyintheWest.ChinesereportersflockedtointerviewMr.Fou,whilemanyotherssoughtouthisfather,FuLei,foradviceonchild-rearing.In1981,avolumeofletterswrittenbyhisfather,primarilytoMr.Fou,waspublishedinChina.Fullofadvice,encouragement,lifeteachingsandstrictpaternallove,thebookFuLei'sFamily,Lettersbecameabest-sellerinChina.BesidesinfluencingagenerationofChinese,Mr.Fu'swordsresonated(共鳴)longafterhisdeathwiththepersonforwhomtheywereintended."Myfatherhadasayingthat'Firstyoumustbeaperson,thenanartist,andthenamusician,andonlythencanyoubeapianist.'"Mr.Fouoncerecalledinaninterview."Evennow,Ibelieveinthisorder-thatitshouldbethiswayandthatIamthisway."4．WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph2?A．FouTs'ongcompetedandtouredinBeijing.B．FouTs'ongfirstperformedonthestageat7.C．FouTs'ongmadegreateffortsforcompetitions.D．FouTs'ongstartedlearningmusicinEasternEurope.5．WhydoesFouTs'ong'sglobalrecognitionmeanalottoChina?A．ItearnsChineseartaplaceintheWest.B．ItpromotesthespreadofChineseculture.C．ItprovesChinesepeople'stalentformusic.D．ItenablesChinesearteducationtoberecognized.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph4referto?A．Mr.Fu'swords. B．YoungChinese.C．FouTs'ongandhisfamily. D．ReadersofFuLei'sFamilyLetters.7．WhichofthefollowingagreeswithFuLei'sideasinthelastparagraph?A．Pursuingartisalongandpainfulprocess.B．Itrequiresvariousqualitiestobeapianist.C．Everyoneshoulddevelopaninterestinart.D．Talentisofthegreatestimportanceforapianist.【答案】4．C

5．A

6．A

7．B【分析】本文是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹中國(guó)出生的鋼琴家傅聰。他以其對(duì)肖邦、德彪西和莫扎特的敏感詮釋而聞名，他的國(guó)際知名度為中國(guó)藝術(shù)在西方贏得了一席之地。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句話“ToprepareforthefifthChopinCompetitioninWarsawin1955,hepracticedsodiligentlythathehurthisfingersandwasnearlycutfromthefirstroundofthecompetition，”（為了準(zhǔn)備1955年在華沙舉行的第五屆肖邦比賽，他刻苦練習(xí)，結(jié)果在第一輪比賽中傷了手指，差點(diǎn)被切傷。）可知，傅聰先生為了比賽付出了很多。故選C。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ToChina，Mr.Fou'srecognitioninawell-knowninternationalcompetitionwasproofthatthecountrycouldstandonitsownartisticallyintheWest.”（對(duì)中國(guó)來說，傅聰在著名的國(guó)際比賽中獲得的認(rèn)可證明了中國(guó)能夠在西方藝術(shù)上自立門戶。）可知，傅聰?shù)膰?guó)際知名度為中國(guó)藝術(shù)在西方贏得了一席之地。故選A。6．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中的“BesidesinfluencingagenerationofChinese,Mr.Fu'swordsresonated（共鳴）longafterhisdeathwiththepersonforwhomtheywereintended.(此外，傅聰不僅影響了一代中國(guó)人，而且在他去世后很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里，他的遺言還能對(duì)聽到這些話的人產(chǎn)生共鳴。)”可以看出，they指代上文提到的Mr.Fu'swords，說明除了影響了一代中國(guó)人外，傅聰先生的話在他去世后依然能夠讓聽到這些話的人產(chǎn)生共鳴。由此推知，they這個(gè)詞指的是hiswords。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Myfatherhadasayingthat'Firstyoumustbeaperson,thenanartist,andthenamusician,andonlythencanyoubeapianist.”可知，傅雷先生教兒子傅聰要先成為人，再成為藝術(shù)家，再成為音樂家，最后才能成為鋼琴家。這表明，傅雷先生認(rèn)為成為一名鋼琴家，身上要具備很多的品質(zhì)。故選B。It'snosecretthatinhaling(吸入)smokeisbadforyourlungs.Butnow,scientistsaresuggestingsmokemayalsocarryandspreadinfectiousdiseases.Thetheory,publishedinScienceMagazine,isbasedontheresearchthatfoundwildfiresmokeisfullofthousandsofspeciesofmicroorganisms(微生物).Someofthesemicroorganisms,includingbacteriaandfungalspores(真菌抱子).areknowntocausedisease.Thenewresearchsuggeststhatwhenawildfireburnsplantsoranimalmatteranddisturbssoils,itexposesthousandsofspeciesofbacteriaandfungithatotherwisemightnoteasilybecomeairborne.Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplyafterfires.Scientistssaytheorganismsstickwithsmokeparticulates(顆粒物),allowingthemtotravelthousandsofmilesacrosscontinents.Dr.PeterChen,directoroftheDivisionofPulmonaryandCriticalCareMedicineatCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,isinterestedinthetheorybutsomewhatskepticalthatthemicroorganismsinsmokewouldactuallycauseinfections.Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainlypossiblethatasignificantnumbercouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition."Ialwaysthoughtitwastheparticulatesinsmokethatwerecausingtheseissues,"saysChen."ButwhenIreadthis,Istartedthinking,coulditbethemicroorganismsthatarealsoworseningexistingillnesses?"Whetherthemicroorganismsinsmokeactuallycauseinfectionsorsimplyworsenpotentialrespiratory(呼吸的)issues,thearticleraisesanewhealththreatthatis"certainlyalarming",saysKelseyJack,anassociateprofessorofenvironmentalanddevelopmenteconomics.Thisisespeciallytrueforlower-incomepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewerprotectivemeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.Ifsmokeisaffectingtheairqualityinacertainarea,thepeoplewhoworkoutside,orwhohavetogototheofficeonfootorbybikewillinhalemoresmokethanthosewhodrive.Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingrecommendationswhenairqualityispoor-includingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.8．WhatcanweknowaboutthemicroorganismsfromParagraph2?A．Somecouldreproduceafterfires.B．Theycouldbekilledbyhighheat.C．Theycouldpossiblytravelthroughairbythemselves.D．Somecouldcopythesmokeparticulates.9．HowdomostmicroorganismsaffectpeopleaccordingtoDr.PeterChen?A．Theywillcauselunginfection. B．Theymightworsenlungdiseases.C．Theywilldestroylivingenvironments. D．Theymightdamagerespiratorysystems.10．Whyarelower-incomepeoplesufferingmorethanothersaccordingtoKelseyJack?A．Theyliveinpoorareas. B．Theydrivetoandfromwork·C．Theyhavesufferedfromlungdisease. D．Theyareexposedtopollutedairmorefrequently.11．WhatdoesChenadvisepeopletodointhelastparagraph?A．Towaitfortheresultsofmoreresearches.B．Toignoretheairqualityandtoworkoutoutdoors.C．Tofollowprevioussuggestionsondealingwithpoorairquality.D．Toavoidusingfiltersandairconditioning.【答案】8．A

9．B

10．D

11．C【分析】本文是一篇說明文。科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為煙霧也可能攜帶和傳播傳染病。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的這一理論基于一項(xiàng)研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)野火煙霧中充滿了數(shù)千種微生物。其中一些微生物會(huì)引起疾病。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplyafterfires.”（你可能認(rèn)為大火的高溫會(huì)殺死這些生物，但文章中提到的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些細(xì)菌在火災(zāi)后甚至?xí)敝?。）可知，從第二段我們可以了解到有些微生物在火?zāi)后還能再生。故選A。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainlypossiblethatasignificantnumbercouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition.”（陳教授說，許多細(xì)菌和真菌不會(huì)引起肺部感染，但有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的細(xì)菌和真菌可能會(huì)使已有肺部疾病的人的癥狀惡化。）可知，陳彼得博士認(rèn)為大多數(shù)微生物可能會(huì)加重肺部疾病。故選B。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thisisespeciallytrueforlower-incomepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewerprotectivemeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.”（這對(duì)低收入人群來說尤其如此，杰克說，因?yàn)楸Ｗo(hù)手段較少的人往往更容易暴露在環(huán)境中。）可知，煙霧會(huì)傳播疾病這件事對(duì)低收入的人群有更大的影響，是因?yàn)樗麄兏嗟刂苯咏佑|環(huán)境。故選D。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingrecommendationswhenairqualityispoor-includingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.”（但在更多的研究完成之前，陳教授說，人們能做的最好的事情就是在空氣質(zhì)量差的時(shí)候遵循現(xiàn)有的建議——包括待在室內(nèi)、關(guān)好門窗、使用高效空氣過濾器和開空調(diào)。）可知，Dr.Chen在最后一段建議人們遵循現(xiàn)有的避開惡劣空氣的建議。故選C。Oneoftheastronomy'smostwell-knowntelescopes-the305-metre-wideradiotelescopeatArecibo,PuertoRico-isclosingforever.Engineerscannotfindasafewaytorepairitaftertwocablessupportingthestructuresuddenlyandcatastrophicallybroke,oneinAugustandoneinearlyNovember.TheArecibotelescope,whichwasbuiltin1963,wastheworld'slargestradiotelescopefordecadesandhashistoricalandmodernimportanceinastronomy.Itwasthesitefromwhichastronomerssentaninterstellarradiomessagein1974,incaseanyextraterrestrialmighthearit,andwherethefirstknownextrasolarplanetwasdiscovered,in1992.Ithasalsodonegroundbreakingworkindetectingnear-Earthplanets,observingthepuzzlingcelestialblastsknownasfastradiobursts,andstudyingmanyotherphenomena.Thecablesthatbrokehelpedsupporta900-tonneplatformofscientificinstruments,whichhangsabovethemaintelescopedish.Thefirstcablebrokepanelsattheedgeofthedish,butthesecondtorehugegashesinacentralportionofit.Ifanymorecablesfail-whichcouldhappenatanytime-theentireplatformcouldcrashintothedishbelow.TheUSNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),whichownstheAreciboObservatory,isworkingonplanstosafelylowertheplatformdowninacontrolledfashion.NSF'sofficialsinsistthatthecablefailurescameasasurprise.Afterthefirst,engineeringteamsspottedahandfulofbrokenwiresonthesecondcable,whichwasmorecrucialtoholdingupthestructure,buttheydidnotseeitasamajorproblembecausetheweightitwascarryingwaswellwithinitsdesigncapacity.Someoftheobservatory'sscientificprojectsmaybeabletobetransferredtootherfacilities,saidRalphGaume,theNSF'sheadofastronomy.Andheexpectsscientiststosuggestwheretoshifttheirresearch.SciencedoescontinueatotherportionsoftheAreciboObservatory,whichincludesmorethanthe305-metre-dish.Theyincludetwolidarfacilitiesthatshootlasersintotheatmospheretostudyatmosphericphenomena.12．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Thehistoryofbuildingthetelescope. B．Thekeyroleofthetelescopeinastronomy.C．Thebenefitoflearningastronomicalevents. D．Theprocessoflocatingnear-Earthplanets.13．AccordingtoParagraph3,weknowthat________.A．NSF'sofficialstriedtorepairtheplatformB．thesecondcablefailuredestroyedtheplatformC．thescientificinstrumentsbrokedownduetothecablesD．theplatformwouldnotbreakdownifnomorecablesshouldfail14．WhywereNSF'sofficialscarelessaboutthebrokenwiresonthesecondcable?A．Thecablewasnotveryold.B．Thewireswerespeciallydesigned.C．Theweightthecableboredidnotgobeyonditslimit.D．Thecablewasnotasimportantasthefirstone.15．Whatwillhappentotheongoingscientificprojectsattheobservatory?A．Allofthemwillbeshutdown. B．Someofthemwillbemovedtootherfacilities.C．Theywillbedistributedtodifferentscientists. D．Someofthemwillbeputoff.【答案】12．B

13．D

14．C

15．B【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。天文學(xué)中最著名的望遠(yuǎn)鏡之一——位于波多黎各阿雷西博的305米寬的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡——將永遠(yuǎn)關(guān)閉。一根在8月，另一根在11月初，支撐這座建筑的兩根鋼索突然發(fā)生災(zāi)難性的斷裂，工程師們找不到安全的修復(fù)方法。文章主要介紹了這一望遠(yuǎn)鏡的一些背景知識(shí)以及人們對(duì)此的看法。12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“TheArecibotelescope,whichwasbuiltin1963,wastheworld'slargestradiotelescopefordecadesandhashistoricalandmodernimportanceinastronomy.Itwasthesitefromwhichastronomerssentaninterstellarradiomessagein1974,incaseanyextraterrestrialmighthearit,andwherethefirstknownextrasolarplanetwasdiscovered,in1992.Ithasalsodonegroundbreakingworkindetectingnear-Earthplanets,observingthepuzzlingcelestialblastsknownasfastradiobursts,andstudyingmanyotherphenomena.(阿雷西博望遠(yuǎn)鏡建于1963年，是幾十年來世界上最大的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡，在天文學(xué)上具有歷史和現(xiàn)代意義。1974年，天文學(xué)家就是在這里發(fā)送了一條星際無線電信息，以防任何天外來客聽到。1992年，人們?cè)谶@里發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一顆已知的太陽系外行星。它還在探測(cè)近地行星、觀測(cè)被稱為快速射電暴的令人困惑的天體爆炸以及研究許多其他現(xiàn)象方面做了開創(chuàng)性的工作)”可知，第二段主要講了望遠(yuǎn)鏡在天文學(xué)中的關(guān)鍵作用。故選B。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ifanymorecablesfail-whichcouldhappenatanytime-theentireplatformcouldcrashintothedishbelow.TheUSNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),whichownstheAreciboObservatory,isworkingonplanstosafelylowertheplatformdowninacontrolledfashion.(如果再有任何電纜斷裂——這隨時(shí)都有可能發(fā)生——整個(gè)平臺(tái)可能會(huì)墜入下面的盤子。擁有阿雷西博天文臺(tái)的美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)基金會(huì)正在制定計(jì)劃，以一種可控的方式安全降低平臺(tái))”可推知，如果沒有更多的電纜發(fā)生故障，平臺(tái)就不會(huì)崩潰。故選D。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Afterthefirst,engineeringteamsspottedahandfulofbrokenwiresonthesecondcable,whichwasmorecrucialtoholdingupthestructure,buttheydidnotseeitasamajorproblembecausetheweightitwascarryingwaswellwithinitsdesigncapacity.(在第一次斷裂后，工程團(tuán)隊(duì)在第二根電纜上發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾根斷裂的電線，這對(duì)支撐結(jié)構(gòu)來說更為關(guān)鍵，但他們不認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)大問題，因?yàn)樗休d的重量完全在設(shè)計(jì)能力范圍內(nèi))”可知，科學(xué)家們一開始并沒有把第二根電纜線的斷裂當(dāng)做重大問題，是因?yàn)樗休d的重量還是在它的能力范圍內(nèi)的。故選C。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Someoftheobservatory'sscientificprojectsmaybeabletobetransferredtootherfacilities,saidRalphGaume,theNSF'sheadofastronomy.(美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)基金會(huì)天文學(xué)主管RalphGaume說，該天文臺(tái)的一些科學(xué)項(xiàng)目可能會(huì)被轉(zhuǎn)移到其他設(shè)施)”可知，有些項(xiàng)目將被轉(zhuǎn)移到其他的設(shè)備上。故選B。二、七選五Whatisleadership?Itsqualitiesaredifficulttodefine.____16____Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.____17____Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.Goodleadersprovideanswersaswellasdirections,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.____18____Leadersgetcommitmentfromothersbygivingitthemselves,bybuildinganenvironmentthatencouragescreativity,andbyoperatingwithhonestyandfairness.Goodleadersaren't"LoneRangers(游俠)"____19____Leadershipisthecatalyst(催化劑)fortransformingthosetalentsintoresults.Goodleadersareflexibleratherthanbossy(專制的).Theybelieveinunityratherthanyielding.Andtheystrivetoachieveagreementsoutofconflict,Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeopleconsistentlytogivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhavetohaveinordertoget.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization,fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,desiresandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturned.____20____A．Buttheyarenotsodifficulttoidentify.B．Butherearesomebenefitstobesuccessfulleaders.C．Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.D．Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat'salreadythere.E．Goodleadersmaketherightthingshappenwhenthey'resupposedto.F．Goodleadersdon'tforceotherpeopletogoalongwiththem,butbringthemalong.G．Theyrecognizethatanorganization'sstrategiesforsuccessrequirethecombinedtalentsandeffortsofmanypeople.【答案】16．A

17．D

18．F

19．G

20．C【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹“成為好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”的建議。16．根據(jù)上文提示“什么是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力?它的特性很難定義?！背薪由衔模珹項(xiàng)Buttheyarenotsodifficulttoidentify.（但它們并不難識(shí)別。）切題。該項(xiàng)中的notsodifficult與上文中的difficult通過but構(gòu)成一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A。17．根據(jù)上文提示“他們渴望承擔(dān)責(zé)任、創(chuàng)新和開拓?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“他們想前進(jìn)，創(chuàng)造新的東西。”可知，本段講述領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的特點(diǎn)，承接上下文，D項(xiàng)Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat'salreadythere.（他們不滿足于只關(guān)心已經(jīng)存在的東西。）切題。該項(xiàng)中的notcontentwith與上文的“haveahungerto”和下文的“tocreatesomethingnew”相吻合。故選D。18．根據(jù)下文“Leadersgetcommitmentfromothersbygivingitthemselves,bybuildinganenvironmentthatencouragescreativity,andbyoperatingwithhonestyandfairness.”提示“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者通過自己做出承諾，營(yíng)造一種鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)造力的環(huán)境，并誠(chéng)實(shí)公正地行事，來獲得他人的承諾?！背薪酉挛?，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Goodleadersdon'tforceotherpeopletogoalongwiththem,butbringthemalong.（好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不會(huì)強(qiáng)迫別人和他們一起走，而是帶領(lǐng)他們一起走。）切題。該項(xiàng)中的don'tforce和上文中提到的“通過自己承諾來獲得別人的承諾”保持一致。故選F。19．根據(jù)下文“Leadershipisthecatalyst(催化劑)fortransformingthosetalentsintoresults.”提示“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力是將人才轉(zhuǎn)化為成果的催化劑。”承接下文，G項(xiàng)Theyrecognizethatanorganization'sstrategiesforsuccessrequirethecombinedtalentsandeffortsofmanypeople.（他們認(rèn)識(shí)到一個(gè)組織的成功戰(zhàn)略需要許多人的智慧和努力的結(jié)合。）切題。可知，好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不是“孤膽騎警”，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)起催化劑作用，把許多人的智慧和努力結(jié)合起來。故選G。20．根據(jù)上文“Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization,fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,desiresandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturned.”提示“一個(gè)在組織中有尊重他人、尊重他們的工作、尊重他們的能力、愿望和需求的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)尊重得到了回報(bào)?！笨芍?，C項(xiàng)Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.（所有相關(guān)的人都會(huì)被激勵(lì)一起工作。）切題。一個(gè)好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，一個(gè)有成效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是尊重他人的。要得到他人的尊重必須先尊重他人。一個(gè)尊重各級(jí)員工，尊重他們的工作、能力、愿望與需要的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會(huì)得到他人的尊重。故選C。三、完形填空LastnightIwasdrivingfromHarrisburgtoLewisburg,adistanceofabouteightymiles.Itwaslate.SeveraltimesIgotstuck____21____aslow-movingtruckonanarrowroadwithasolidwhitelineonmyleft.andIwasclenching(緊握)myfistswith____22____.Atonepointalonganopenhighway,Icametoacrossroadswithatrafficlight.Iwasaloneontheroadbynow.butasI____23____thelight,itturnedredandIbraked.Ilookedleft,rightandbehind.Nothing.Notacar,no____24____ofheadlights,butthereIsat,waitingforthe____25____tochange,theonlyhumanbeingforatleastamileinanydirection.IstartedwonderingwhyIrefusedtorunthelight.Iwasnotafraidofbeing____26____,becausetherewa____27____nopolicemanaround,andtherecertainlywouldhavebeennodangerin____28____thecrossroads.Muchlaterthatnight,thequestionof____29____I'dwaitedcamebacktome.IthinkIwaitedbecauseit'spartofa_____30_____weallhavewitheachother.It'snotonlythelaw,butit'sanagreementwehave,andwetrusteachotherto_____31_____it.Trustisourfirstinclination(傾向).Wehavetomakeadeliberatedecisiontomistrustsomeoneortobe_____32_____.Thoseattitudesdon'tcomenaturallytous.Thewholeconstructionofoursociety_____33_____mutual(共同的)trust,notdistrust.Thiswholethingwehavegoingforuswould_____34_____ifwedidn'ttrusteachothermostoftime._____35_____,wedowhatwesaywe'lldo;weshowupwhenwesaywe'llshowup;andwepaywhenwesaywe'llpay.Wetrusteachotherinthesematters,andwhenwedon'tdowhatwe'vepromised,it'sthe_____36_____ofthenormal.Ithappensoftenthatwedon'tactingoodfaithandina_____37_____manner,butwestillconsideritunusual,andwe're_____38_____withthepeoplewhoviolate(違反)thetrustwehave_____39_____them.Iwassoproudofmyselffor_____40_____fortheredlightthatnight.21．A．before B．behind C．between D．beyond22．A．impatience B．regret C．curiosity D．respect23．A．a(chǎn)pproached B．passed C．overlooked D．a(chǎn)ppreciated24．A．spot B．symbol C．shadow D．suggestion25．A．truck B．crossroads C．light D．a(chǎn)ttitude26．A．a(chǎn)ttracted B．a(chǎn)bandoned C．a(chǎn)rrested D．a(chǎn)ttained27．A．naturally B．particularly C．normally D．obviously28．A．gettingthrough B．goingthrough C．pullingthrough D．breakingthrough29．A．whether B．why C．how D．when30．A．contract B．concern C．contrast D．contact31．A．release B．a(chǎn)dmire C．neglect D．honor32．A．subtle B．considerate C．careful D．suspicious33．A．workswith B．dreamsof C．dependson D．looksfor34．A．tearapart B．tellapart C．fallapart D．setapart35．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．Instead36．A．destruction B．difference C．decrease D．distinction37．A．rude B．trustworthy C．polite D．respectful38．A．content B．honest C．obsessed D．a(chǎn)ngry39．A．with B．on C．in D．a(chǎn)t40．A．stopping B．searching C．praying D．a(chǎn)sking【答案】21．B

22．A

23．A

24．D

25．C

26．C

27．D

28．B

29．B

30．A

31．D

32．D

33．C

34．C

35．B

36．A

37．B

38．D

39．C

40．A【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過作者沒有闖紅燈這件事，號(hào)召我們無論何時(shí)何地為了自己和他人的安全都要遵守交通規(guī)則。21．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：有幾次，我被堵在一輛緩慢行駛的卡車后面，在一條狹窄的道路上，我的左邊是一條白線。我不耐煩地握緊了拳頭。A.before在……之前；B.behind在……之后；C.between在兩者之間；D.beyond超過?！拔摇北焕г谝惠v緩慢移動(dòng)的卡車后面。故選B。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有幾次，我被堵在一輛緩慢行駛的卡車后面，在一條狹窄的道路上，我的左邊是一條白線。我不耐煩地握緊了拳頭。A.impatience不耐煩；B.regret遺憾，后悔；C.curiosity好奇；D.respect尊重?！拔摇币?yàn)楸焕г诳ㄜ嚭竺妫荒蜔┑匚站o拳頭。故選A。23．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在路上只剩下我一個(gè)人了，但當(dāng)我快到紅燈時(shí)，它變紅了，我剎了車。A.approached靠近；B.passed經(jīng)過；C.overlooked忽略；D.appreciated感激。當(dāng)“我”接近交通信號(hào)燈時(shí)，燈變紅了，“我”停下車。故選A。24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有車，也沒有車燈的影子，但我就坐在那里，等著車燈變燈，方圓一英里內(nèi)就我一個(gè)人。A.spot地點(diǎn)；B.symbol象征，符號(hào)；C.shadow陰影；D.suggestion建議。“我”環(huán)顧四周，身邊沒有車，也沒有車燈的跡象，suggestion在此處為熟詞生義，意思是“細(xì)微的跡象”。故選D。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有車，也沒有車燈的影子，但我就坐在那里，等著車燈變燈，方圓一英里內(nèi)就我一個(gè)人。A.truck卡車；B.crossroads十字路口；C.light燈；D.attitude態(tài)度?！拔摇钡戎鵁糇兙G。故選C。26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不怕被逮捕，因?yàn)楹苊黠@附近沒有警察，也肯定不會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)通過十字路口。A.attracted吸引；B.abandoned拋棄；C.arrested逮捕；D.attained取得。根據(jù)下文可知，周圍沒有交警，所以就算闖紅燈，“我”也不怕被逮捕。故選C。27．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我不怕被逮捕，因?yàn)楹苊黠@附近沒有警察，也肯定不會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)通過十字路口。A.naturally自然地；B.particularly特別地；C.normally正常地；D.obviously明顯地。周圍顯然是沒有警察的，選擇obviously，和下文certainly對(duì)應(yīng)。故選D。28．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我不怕被逮捕，因?yàn)楹苊黠@附近沒有警察，也肯定不會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)通過十字路口。A.gettingthrough通過；B.goingthrough經(jīng)歷，度過；C.pullingthrough渡過難關(guān)；D.breakingthrough突破。goingthroughthecrossroads意思是“通過十字路口”。故選B。29．考查賓語從句連接詞。句意：那天晚上很晚的時(shí)候，我又想起了為什么要等。A.whether是否；B.why為什么；C.how怎樣；D.

when當(dāng)……時(shí)候。那天晚上，“我”回想起“‘我’為什么會(huì)等待”這個(gè)問題。故選B。30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想我之所以等待是因?yàn)檫@是我們彼此之間的契約的一部分。A.contract合同；B.concern關(guān)心；C.contrast對(duì)比；D.contact接觸?！拔摇闭J(rèn)為“我”停車等綠燈是大家共同的公約，應(yīng)用contract，意思為“合同，契約”。故選A。31．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這不僅是法律，也是我們的協(xié)議，我們相信彼此會(huì)遵守它。A.release釋放；B.admire欽佩；C.neglect忽略；D.honor尊敬，給……以榮譽(yù)。我們相互信任，大家都會(huì)遵守協(xié)議，honor在此處為熟詞生義，意思是“遵守”。故選D。32．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們必須做出一個(gè)深思熟慮的決定來不信任某人或產(chǎn)生懷疑。A.subtle微妙的，精細(xì)的；B.considerate體貼的；C.careful仔細(xì)的；D.suspicious懷疑的。信任是大家的第一傾向，只有我們有意為之時(shí)，我們才會(huì)不信任或是懷疑別人。suspicious意思為“懷疑的”。故選D。33．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我們整個(gè)社會(huì)的建設(shè)是建立在相互信任的基礎(chǔ)上，而不是不信任。A.workswith對(duì)……有效；B.dreamsof夢(mèng)想；C.dependson依賴；D.looksfor尋找。社會(huì)的整個(gè)構(gòu)建是基于人們的信任，dependon意思為“取決于”。故選C。34．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：如果我們大部分時(shí)間互不信任，我們之間的關(guān)系就會(huì)破裂。A.tearapart使……分裂；

B.tellapart區(qū)分；C.fallapart崩潰；D.setapart使分離。如果我們絕大多數(shù)時(shí)候不信任別人時(shí)，有利于我們的所有事物將分崩離析。fallapart意思為“崩潰，破碎，土崩瓦解”。故選C。35．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我們說到做到;我們說什么時(shí)候出現(xiàn)就什么時(shí)候出現(xiàn);我們說什么時(shí)候付就什么時(shí)候付。A.Moreover而且，此外；B.Therefore因此；C.Meanwhile與此同時(shí)；D.Instead代替。下文與上文存在因果關(guān)系。故選B。36．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在這些問題上我們彼此信任，如果我們不履行承諾，那就是對(duì)正常的破壞。A.destruction破壞；B.difference差異，不同；C.decrease減少；D.distinction差別。destruction意思為“摧毀，破壞”。如果我們做不到承諾的事情的話，那就是對(duì)規(guī)范的一種破壞。故選A。37．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們經(jīng)常會(huì)有不誠(chéng)實(shí)和不值得信任的行為，但我們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為這是不正常的，我們對(duì)那些違背我們對(duì)他們的信任的人感到憤怒。A.rude粗魯?shù)?；B.trustworthy可靠的；C.polite有禮貌的；D.respectful有禮貌的。trustworthy對(duì)應(yīng)上文“goodfaith”。故選B。38．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們經(jīng)常會(huì)有不誠(chéng)實(shí)和不值得信任的行為，但我們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為這是不正常的，我們對(duì)那些違背我們對(duì)他們的信任的人感到憤怒。A.content滿意的；B.honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的；C.obsessed著迷的；D.angry生氣的。beangrywith“對(duì)……·很氣憤”。故選D。39．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我們經(jīng)常會(huì)有不誠(chéng)實(shí)和不值得信任的行為，但我們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為這是不正常的，我們對(duì)那些違背我們對(duì)他們的信任的人感到憤怒。A.with和……一起；B.on在……上面；C.in在……里面；D.at在……方面。固定搭配havetrustinsb.。故選C。40．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我為自己那晚沒有闖紅燈而感到驕傲。A.stopping停止；B.searching搜尋；C.praying祈禱；D.asking問?！拔摇币?yàn)榧t燈而停車。故選A。四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Therehavebeenmanyfalsedawnsfortheelectriccar.FranceandtheUKwereamongthe____41____(pioneer)ofelectricvehiclesinthelate19thcentury,withwealthycustomers____42____(use)themforshorttripsaroundcities.Bytheearly1900s,____43____,thediscoveryofabundantoilreservesandlargerroadnetworkshadhelpedtoruintheuseofelectriccarsinfavourofpetrol.Today,morethanacenturylater,pollutingpetrolcarsstilldominatesales____44____(global)butthereareencouragingsignsof2021possiblybeingthestartofalastingelectricfuture.Norway,anationwhosewealth____45____(base)onfossilfuels,lastyearbecamethefirstcountryi