Unit7Art單元語法詳解北師大版新教材必修三

原創(chuàng)Cao本單元重點(diǎn)語法→名詞性從句

a.Artiswhatyousee,butwhatyoumakeotherssee.（教材

P7）b.VanGoghpaintedwhathesawfromhiswindow–thenightskywithcloudsstarsandamoon.(教材P8)c.However,thefactremainsthatTheStarryNightisnowoneoftheworld’smostfamouspaintings.(教材

P8)d.Whatmakesitstrikingisthatitshowsathinfigurewithanexpressionoffear–thefigure’smouthiswideopenandlettingoutapowerfulscream.

(教材

P9)e.Inhisdiary,Munchtalkedaboutwhatinspiredhim.(教材

P9)f.Whatisstrangeisthatabovethehouseandthetree,weseeaday-timeskyfullofbrightnessandsoftwhiteclouds.(教材

P9)◆原句再現(xiàn)●名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。因這四種從句在句中具有名詞性特征，因此，統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。名詞性從句是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)，敬請引起重視！◆名詞性從句的含義◆名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的判斷與選擇●名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞很多，歸納起來可分為以下三類：定義功能例詞連詞起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分that,if,whether連接代詞起連接作用，又在從句中作主、賓、表和定語who,whom,whose,which,what…連接副詞起連接作用，又在從句中作狀語where,when,why●

有意連詞：有其特定的含義，請觀察以下連詞※

what表“……的內(nèi)容”；when表“…什么時候”；where表“…在哪兒”；why表“為什么…”；how表“怎樣…”；who表“誰、哪一個”；which表“哪一個、哪一些”；if/whether表“是否”●

無意連詞：沒有實(shí)際意義的連詞。無意連詞只有that

一個，在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時that可以省略，但是在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時一般不省略，請觀察以下真題a.Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize______sillymistakesIhadmakewhatB.thatC.howD.whichb.Ithinkfatherwouldliketoknow_______I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.howAc※

解題技巧：先分析名詞性從句的意義是否完整，確定使用有意連詞還是無意連詞，然后根據(jù)從句所缺含義和成分確定連詞?！魪木渲械恼Z序●在名詞性從句中,從句中一律使用陳述語句語序,特別要注意由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，請切勿受特殊疑問句的影響而用疑問句語序，請觀察以下句子a.Iwonderwhosheis.b.Thequestioniswhenwe’llcompletetheproject.c.Whethershe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.●真題再現(xiàn)a.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.goandsee_____.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisDb.Heasked______fortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.

IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid

D◆從句中的時態(tài)：在名詞性從句中，要注意從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)一致關(guān)系●在賓語從句中，當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時時,賓語從句可以根據(jù)需要可用一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般將來時等多種時態(tài)，請觀察以下句子a.MarysaysthatTomisn’tlazy.b.MarysaysTomisdoingwellinhislessons.c.MarysaysshewillaskMr.WutogiveTomsomework.d.MarysaysTommayfallbehindtheotherstudentse.Marysaysshehasfinishedherhomework

aheadoftime.※

真題再現(xiàn)Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen_________andseehimA.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome

A●如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時,則賓語從句需用過去的某種時態(tài),請觀察以下句子a.Shesaidthatshemissedusverymuch.b.Shesaidshewaswritingaletter.c.ShesaidshewouldvisittheGreatWalld.Shesaidshehaddoneherjobbyfiveo’clockyesterdayafternoon.※真題a.Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn’twantherparentstoknowwhatshe______A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.wasdoingD.isdoingb.Hekeptlookingather,wonderingwhetherhe_____hersomewhere.A.sawB.hasseenC.seesD.hadseenCD●如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真理，其謂語動詞則仍用一般現(xiàn)在時,請觀察以下句子a.Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.b.Mr.Smithtoldusthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.●

在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中、也要注意從句謂語動詞與從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)一致性,關(guān)鍵要注意動作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系,請觀察以下句子a.Whowillbesentaboardhasnotbeendecided.b.Theearthoftodayisnotwhatitwasmillionsofyearsago.◆從句中的虛擬語氣：在某些賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣?！癖硎尽耙?、命令、建議”之類的動詞后接賓語從句,從句謂語要用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略。這樣的詞有兩個“命令”：ordercommand；四個“建議”：suggest/advise/propose/recommend；六個“要求”demand/request/require/insist/urge/desire,請觀察以下句子a.Theguardatthegateinsistthateverybody(should)obeytherules.b.Hesuggestedwe(should)tryagain.c.Hedemandedthathe(should)besenttoworkthere.※溫馨提示：動詞suggest作“暗示、表明”,

insist作“堅(jiān)持說”時，其后的賓語從句中的謂語動詞要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況決定。請觀察以下句子a.Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshewasveryangry.b.TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel.●動詞wish后面的賓語從句，謂語動詞用過去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的一個愿望；用“had+done”，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的一種愿望或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的一件遺憾事情；用would/might/could+動詞原形“表示與將來事實(shí)相反或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。請觀察以下句子a.IwishIrememberedheraddressnow.b.IwishIhadseenyouyesterday.c.Shewishesshewouldtryagain.※考題再現(xiàn)IwishI

youyesterday.AseenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretoseeC●主語從句中的虛擬語氣※

在“Itis/was+形容詞（或過去分詞）+主語從句”句型中,從句的動詞形式不論人稱和數(shù)，都可用“should+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，should可省略。常見形容詞有necessary,important,strange,naturalsuggested,ordered,required等，請觀察以下句子a.Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.b.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.c.Itisorderedthatthemeeting(should)beheldatonce.d.Ithasbeenrequiredthatthesepeople(should)leavetheschool.●表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣※

在表示“意愿、要求、命令、建議”等詞之后的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”形式，should可省略。這類名詞有：proposal,suggestion,order,advice,requirement等

,請觀察以下句子a.Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.b.Theprofessorgaveanorderthatthetestbefinishedbefore5:30.e.Hisproposalisthatthechildren(should)beprotectedrightaway.d.Thegovernmentreactedtovillagers’requirementthatmoretrees(should)beplantedonthemountaineveryyear.◆易混連接詞辨析●

that與

what在名詞性從句中，what和

that都可作引導(dǎo)詞，其區(qū)別在于：what在從句要充當(dāng)某個成分（主語、賓語或表語）因此,在任何情況下都不能省略，表示“什么；所…的事（物、話）”相當(dāng)于thethingthat;而

that本身沒有詞匯意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，賓語從句中that可省略，請觀察以下句子a.Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtoothersb.Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.c.Ithink(that)youwilllikethestamp.d.Myideais(that)weshouldgetmorecomradestodothework.e.WhatsurprisedusmostisthatherefusedthechancetogotoQingHuaUniversity.※真題再現(xiàn)a.______Wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;whatD.that;whatb._______madetheschoolproudwas______morethan90%ofthestudenthadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.what;becauseB.what;thatC.that;whatD.that;because

AB●Whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,表示“是否”,一般情況下,用whether不用if.※介詞后的賓語從句用whether,不用if,請觀察下面句子Everythingdependsonwhetherthesituationwillimprove.※在whetherornot結(jié)構(gòu)中，不用if代替whether,請觀察下面句子Idon’tknowwhetherornothe’llcome.※引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句用whether不用if,請觀察以下句子a.Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.b.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.※

whether可用在不定式之前，if則不能,請觀察下面句子Pleasetelluswhethertogoorstay.※真題再現(xiàn)a.____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweatherA.ifB.whetherC.thatD.whereb.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis________mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseas