PAGEPAGE1Unit3Inventorsandinventions[話題單詞]1．inventv． 獨創(chuàng)2．createv． 創(chuàng)建3．creativeadj. 有創(chuàng)建力的4．patentn． 專利證書；專利權5．diligencen． 努力6．favoriteadj. 最喜愛的7．motivatevt. 激勵8．hobbyn． 愛好9．a(chǎn)ppetiten． 嗜好10．self－confidencen． 自信11．talentn． 才能12．a(chǎn)vailableadj. 可以利用的13．challengen． 挑戰(zhàn)14．trendn． 趨勢，傾向v． 傾向，伸向15．consultv． 請教，商議[話題短語]1．makejointefforts做出共同努力2．ingeneral大體，通常，一般而言3．a(chǎn)chievehighefficiency達到高效4．sparenoefforttodosth.不遺余力做某事5．carryout實施6．thereisnodoubt不容置疑的7．payoff回報8．makefulluseofthetime充分利用時間9．a(chǎn)chieveone’sambition實現(xiàn)某人的志向10．keeppacewith跟上……的最新發(fā)展[話題佳句]1．Necessityisthemotherofinvention.須要是獨創(chuàng)之母。2．SoIamdeterminedtomeetthechallenge.因此，我決心迎接挑戰(zhàn)。3．Myidealistobeawell－knownscientist.我的志向是想成為一位著名的科學家。4．Itwasawonderfulinventionatthetime.在當時那是一項了不得的獨創(chuàng)。5．Hewasfullofinvention—alwaysmakingupnewusefulproducts.他有豐富的創(chuàng)建力——總是能創(chuàng)建出新穎 的，有用的產(chǎn)品。[佳作背誦]科技創(chuàng)新大賽假定你是李華，你所在的城市最近舉辦了“科技創(chuàng)新大賽”，你參與了此項競賽并設計了一件具有新功能的日常生活用品。請用英文寫一封郵件，將你的創(chuàng)意與你的英國摯友Tom共享。要點如下：1．設計理由；2．介紹新功能；3．你的感想。留意：1.詞數(shù)不少于100；2．可適當增加細微環(huán)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearTom，Recentlyacompetitionoftechnologicalinnovationhasbeenheldinourcity.EverytimeInoticemyteacherswipingtheirhandwritingawayfromtheblackboardandthentheirhandsbecomingdusty，Ihopetoofferthemsomehelp，soIdesignedamagicpenforthem.Theappearanceofmypenisdifferentfromthechalk，butresemblesacommonpen.Thenewfunctionsmakeitmoreusefulthanacommonpen.Pressingthebutton“T”，whichisspeciallyintendedforteachers，userscanwriteontheblackboardagainandagain，asthehandwritingwillbeclearedupautomaticallyafterafewseconds.Besides，youcanchangethewritingcolorseasily.Fromthetechnologicalinnovation，Ilearnedthataslongaswetaketimetoobserveourlife，wecanfindwaystomakeitbetter.Doyoulikemypen?Yours，LiHua識記·思索·運用1．核心單詞①courtn．法庭；法院②seizevt.抓住；捉??；奪③refrigeratorn．冰箱④tapvt.&vi.輕打；輕拍；輕敲n．輕輕地敲擊(聲)；(水)龍頭⑤freezingadj.冰凍的；寒冷的⑥bearvt.忍受bore(過去式)borne(過去分詞)⑦filen．文件；檔案vt.提交；將……歸檔⑧wiren．金屬絲；電線→wirelessadj.無線的⑨merryadj.開心的；興奮的→merrilyadv.興奮地；開心地⑩stableadj.穩(wěn)固的；穩(wěn)定的；安定的→stabilityn．穩(wěn)定性?practicaladj.實際的；好用的→practisevt.練習→practicen．練習，實踐?expectationn．預料；期盼；期望→expectv．預料；期盼；期望；認為?innocentadj.清白的；無罪的；天真的→innocencen．天真；清白?convenientadj.便利的；便利的；就近的→conveniencen．便利；便利→inconvenientadj.不便利的；引起麻煩的?cautionn．當心，謹慎→cautiousadj.當心的；謹慎的→cautiouslyadv.當心地；謹慎地?productn．產(chǎn)品→producevt.生產(chǎn)→productionn．產(chǎn)量→productiveadj.多產(chǎn)的；有創(chuàng)建性的2．閱讀單詞①strawn．稻草②gluen．膠水③perfumen．香水④jamn．果醬；堵塞⑤ripeadj.成熟的，熟的⑥powdern.粉，粉末⑦helicoptern．直升飛機⑧stainlessadj.無污點的⑨stringn．細繩，線，帶⑩lanternn．燈籠；提燈?courtyardn．庭院，院子?patentn．專利權，專利證書?cubicadj.立方體的，立方形的?greengrocern．(英)蔬菜水果商?trianglen．三角形；adj.三角形的?extensionn．擴大，延長；電話分機?directoryn．商行名錄；電話號碼簿?personneln．全體人員；職員；人力資源；人事部?dynamicadj.充溢活力的，精力充足的?validadj.有效的，合理的，有依據(jù)的eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))versionn．譯本；看法；說法eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))identificationn.鑒定，辨別eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))criterionn.標準，準則，原則(pl.)criteriaeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))passiveadj.被動的；消極的；被動語態(tài)的eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))mercifuladj.寬大的；慈愛的；慈善的→mercyn．寬大；慈愛eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))abruptadj.突然的；意外的→abruptlyadv.突然地；唐突地eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))associatevt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系n．同伴；伙伴→associationn．協(xié)會；社團；聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))currentn．(水或氣)流；電流adj.現(xiàn)在的；當前的→currentlyadv.普遍地；通常地eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))distinguishvt.&vi.顯示……的差別；辨別→distinguishedadj.卓著的；著名的；名貴的eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))competencen．實力；勝任；本事→competentadj.有實力的，能勝任的；能干的，稱職的 用上面所給單詞的適當形式填空1．Hetookmeasurestomakeuphisfault，whichreceivedourrecognition(recognize)．2．AlthoughtherearemanypracticaldifficultiesinlearningoralEnglish，youmustkeeppracticingspeakingeveryday.(practice)3．Itisfreezingoutsidenow，andmoresnowisfallingonalreadyfrozenstreets.(freeze)4．Ifnobodycanproveyourinnocence，howcanyousayyouareinnocent？(innocent)5．Heisacautiousmanandisalwaysdoingthingswithcaution.Youshouldgetonwithhimcautiously.(caution)6．YoucanvisitProfessorLiwhenitisconvenient，thatis，athisconvenience.Hishouseisconvenientlynearthebusstop.(convenient)7．Inwesterncountries，thenumber“thirteen”isusuallyassociatedwithbadluck，butactuallythereisn'tanyassociationbetweenthem.(associate)8．Themercilesskingshowednomercyandkilledalltheprisoners.(merciful)9．Thedogwaggeditstailinexpectationofabonebutwasexpectedtogoout.(expect)10．Thisismyoccasionalvisittothethemepark，inwhichIoccasionallymeetthecartooncharactersIlikemost.(occasion)1．“社會交往”之“警告、提示、禁止、要求與吩咐”①caution當心②attention留意③forbid禁止④remind提示⑤warn警告⑥beawareof意識到⑦lookout當心⑧takecare當心⑨watchout當心；留意⑩claim聲張?command要求?force強迫?order吩咐?request懇求?require要求2．“頻度”高頻詞速記①annualadj.每年的②frequentadj.常見的；常常的③regularadj.定期的；固定的；習慣性的；常常的④occasionaladj.間或；間或⑤rareadj.罕有；很少⑥usuallyadv.常常⑦alwaysadv.總是⑧oftenadv.常常3．“學習”相關詞匯一覽①assignmentn．任務；作業(yè)②effortn．努力③instructionn．教化；指導；傳授④progressn．進步；前進⑤referencen．參考；參照⑥r(nóng)evisionn．復習；溫習4．“演講；報道”相關詞匯一覽①lecturen．演講；講座②speechn．報告；演說③reportn．報告；報道④addressvt.演講；致辭⑤deliveraspeech發(fā)表演講⑥makeaspeech發(fā)表演講識記·思索·運用1．動詞＋介詞(副詞)①callup給……打電話；使想起②setabout起先；著手③diveinto快速把手伸入；一心投入④setout(todo)起先(做)⑤hangon不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握?、辡etthrough設法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設法)做完；通過；度過⑦ringback回復電話⑧ringoff掛斷電話2．其他形式①nowandthen間或；有時②outoforder次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障用左欄所給短語的適當形式填空1．It'stheloveandresponsibilitythathavedrivenhimtogetthroughmanyhardshipsandsurvive.2．Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen，eventhoughhe’sinhisnineties.3．Don’tyouthinkthefilesandsomeofthepaperswereoutoforder？Youhadbettersortthemout.4．Whenyouwereout，Johnrangup，andhewantedyoutoringhimback.5．ThephotosonyourWechatcallupthedayswhenweworkedtogetheronthefarmsfifteenyearsago. 6．Havingmadeuphismind，F(xiàn)lanksetaboutcarryingouttheplanimmediately.1．表示“起先/著手做某事”的短語精選①getdowntodoingsth②setouttodosth.③setaboutdoingsth.④settledowntosth.⑤start/begindoing/todosth.2．打電話相關短語大全①eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ringsb.up,callsb.up,phone/telephonessb.,givesb.acall/aring,/aphonecall))打電話給某人②call/ringback回電話③eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ringoff/hangup掛斷電話,holdon別掛斷))3．rather相關短語一覽①orrather更準確地說②wouldrather寧愿③ratherthan而不是④otherthan除了在解讀中學懂，在仿寫中學通背原句學句型練仿寫1.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.(評定)專利標準是很嚴格的，除非新的想法真是新穎 的，否則很難被接受。so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引導結果狀語從句。他的獨創(chuàng)如此好用以至于很快就獲得了專利。Hisinventionwassopracticalthathesoongotapatent.2.Followitup，exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit，youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟蹤下去，不斷探究，不知不覺中你就會發(fā)覺某種值得思索的東西占據(jù)著你的頭腦。本句為“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陳述句”結構。給我一次機會，我會給你一個驚喜。Givemeachance，andI’llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.3500詞匯語境篇——先練后背，事半功倍StrangePatentApplicationsIsetaboutworkinginthecurrentPatentOfficeafterresigning1.fromthecourtpersonnel.Competentanddynamic，Ineverfeelpassivewhiledivingintotheidentificationsofwhetherapplicationsarevalidand2.practical(practically)accordingtothenewversionofthecriteria.Withtheexpectationofdistinguishingtheirownimportance，ducts(produce)withusnowandthen，forexample，lanternthatcan4.beattached(attach)onyourforehead，cubicwalnuts，refrigeratormadeofstrawandglue，perfume5.that/whichnobodycanbeartosmell，andsoon.Once，amanmadeatrianglehelicopterout6.ofstainlesswiresandstring.Hecalledusupandmerrilyclaimeditwasstableandconvenienttouse，andneveroutoforder.Iaskedhimtohangon，7.butthisinnocentmanjustrangoffandsetouttoflyfromhiscourtyard.I8.dialed(dial)hisnumberinthedirectorytryingtoringhimback，butnevergotthrough.OwingtomercifulGodblessing，anabruptfreezingrainfallmadehisfuelpowderwet.Luckily，thetroublewaswithoutanyextensionexcept9.thathecrashedintoagreengrocer'smakingalltheripefruitsbecomemessyjam.Whenpeopleseizedthiscrazymanwithcautionandsoberedhimbytappinghisface，hecomplainedaboutthebadweatherinsteadof10.associating(associate)hisfailurewithhisunscientificdesign.Note：sober/'s??b?(r)/adj.冷靜的；有節(jié)制的；樸實的distinguishvt.&vi.顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別(教材原句)Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.這回我有機會來表現(xiàn)一下自己了，我要獨創(chuàng)某種慈愛的東西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不會損害它們。拓展詞：distinguishedadj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的distinguishableadj.易辨別的，能區(qū)分的(1)distinguishbetween...and...區(qū)分/辨別……和……distinguish...from...使……有別于……，使……具有區(qū)分于……的特征distinguishoneself(as...)(作為……)表現(xiàn)突出(2)bedistinguishedfrom不同于……bedistinguishedby以……為特征bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名bedistinguishedas...作為……而著名(1)Everyman'slifeendsthesameway.Itisonlythedetailsofhowhelivedandhowhediedthatdistinguishonemanfromanother.每個人的生命結局都是一樣的。彼此的差異只在于是怎樣生活、又是怎樣死的這些細微環(huán)節(jié)上面。(2)Readinggoodbookscannotonlyenrichourmindshutalsoteachustodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.閱讀好書既能豐富我們的學問又能教我們辨別是非。(3)TheChinesenationisdistinguishedforitsdiligenceandcourage.中華民族以勤勞英勇著稱。(4)寫作實力提升eq\x(句式升級)Hewasdistinguishedforhisknowledgeofeconomicsandwaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.(用分詞短語作狀語改寫)Distinguishedforhisknowledgeofeconomics，hewaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.(5)單句語法填空eq\x(走進高考)(2024·浙江卷)Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent，ambition，energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguished(distinguish)writer.cautionn．當心；謹慎(教材原句)ThistimewithgreatcautionIbentdowntoexaminethesnakesandIfoundthemverysleepy.這次我特別謹慎地彎腰去檢查那些蛇，發(fā)覺它們很困。拓展詞：cautiousadj.當心的；謹慎的cautiouslyadv.當心謹慎地(1)withcaution當心地(2)becautiousabout/of...對……當心謹慎becautioustodosth.做……當心謹慎(1)Thetruthisabeautifulandterriblething，andshouldthereforebetreatedwithgreatcaution.真相是一種漂亮而可怕的東西，因此須要特別謹慎地對待。(2)TheteachergaveTomacautionandtoldhimnevertodoitagain.老師給了湯姆一次警告，叫他不許再那樣做。(3)單句語法填空①Thegirlswereafraidofsnakesandpickedtheirwayalongwithextremecaution.②Healwaysputsforwardunusualplans.Sobecautiousaboutthembeforeyoudecidetojoinin.③Ifshehadbeenevenmorecautious(cautious)，shewouldn'thavemadethatmistake.④Shelookedcautiously(cautious)aroundandthenwalkedawayfromthehouse.associatev．使聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系；交往n．同伴；伙伴(教材原句)Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone，hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody'slife.雖然他始終以獨創(chuàng)電話著名于世，但是他的確是一個永不停息的探究者，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質量的可行方法。拓展詞：associationn．[C]協(xié)會；社團；[U]聯(lián)合；結合；交往(1)associate...with...把……和……聯(lián)系起來beassociatedwith和……有關associatewith和……交往或打交道(2)inassociationwith和……聯(lián)合；與……有關(1)Theearthquakesaresaidtobecloselyassociated(associate)withlarge-scaleicelossevents.據(jù)說地震與大規(guī)模的冰川消融有親密關系。(2)Youmustbearitinmindthatyoushouldneverassociatewithbadcompanions.你必需謹記恒久不要和壞人打交道。(3)單句語法填空①Inthechildren'smindssummerisassociated(associate)withpicnics.②Weareworkinginassociation(associate)withalocalcompanytoraisemoneyforthehomeless.③Thefirststeptomakingfriendsisassociating(associate)withotherpeople.(4)寫作實力提升eq\x(句式升級)Therearemanyserioushealthproblemswhichareassociatedwithsmoking.①Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsassociatedwithsmoking.(用過去分詞短語作定語改寫)②Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsinassociationwithsmoking.(association)callup給……打電話；使……回憶起(教材原句)WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打電話時，她感到很心煩。(1)callat探望(某個地點)calloff取消；停止callon/upon探望(某人)；號召callfor呼吁；要求；須要；去接(某人)callout大聲地說出；吩咐某人出動callin召集；召來(2)ring/callback回復電話ringoff/hangup掛斷電話givesb.aring/call給某人打電話(3)hang/holdon不掛斷電話(1)Yourlettercallsupthosepleasantdayswhenweworkedtogether.你的來信使我回想起那些我們一起工作的歡樂日子。(2)Duringthewar，allyoungmenwerecalleduptofightinthearmy，thenavyortheairforce.斗爭時期，全部的年輕人都被征召參與陸軍、海軍或空軍。(3)用call相關短語的適當形式填空。①Theydecidedtocallinadoctorbecausethechildwasnotanybetter.②Thisisaproblemthatcallsforanimmediatesolution.③Theboyonwatchstartedcallingoutwhenhesawsomebodyapproaching.④Hehadtocalloffthemeetingbecauseofthebadweather.⑤Thispicturecalls/calledupmymemoriesoftheamusingexperience.⑥Wecalledatournewneighbour'slastweek.(4)單句語法填空eq\x(走進高考)(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Theinstructorscalledforanambulance.setabout起先；著手(教材原句)Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.我著手探討蛇的習性，以便能找到最簡單的方法捉住它們。setaboutsth./doingsth.＝setouttodosth.起先/著手(做)某事setout動身，啟程setoff動身，動身；使爆炸setaside留出；對……不予以考慮setdown登記，寫下setup建立，開辦；開業(yè)；樹立；造成，產(chǎn)生；支配setofffor＝setoutfor＝leavefor動身(到某地去)(1)Theysetabouttheirworkwithgreatenthusiasm.他們以極大的熱忱投入到工作中。(2)Setasidesometimeeachdaytowrite，evenifitisonlyfiveminutes.每天留出一點兒時間來寫作，哪怕只有5分鐘。(3)用set相關短語的適當形式填空①Wesetaboutdiscussingwhenandhowweshouldfinishthetask.②Thesoonerwesetaboutit，thesoonerwe'llfinishit.③AsatraditionalwaytocelebratetheSpringFestival，settingofffirecrackersiswelcomedbymostChinesepeople.④Heisusedtosettingdownhisimportantthoughtsinhisdiary.Followitup，exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit，youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟隨它，在它的四周探究，不知不覺中，你將有值得考慮的某些東西占據(jù)你的大腦。本句為“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”句式。祈使句相當于if引導的條件狀語從句。(1)“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”表示祈使句與后面的句子是順承關系。(2)“祈使句＋or/orelse/otherwise＋陳述句”相當于“if＋否定條件狀語從句＋主句”。(3)“名詞詞組＋and＋陳述句”也有上述句式功能，名詞詞組中常含有more，another等詞。(1)Learntounderstand，andyouwillkeepawayfromaworldfullofsadnessanddisappointment.學會理解，你就會遠離滿是哀痛和悲觀的世界。(2)Ifyoumakeonemoreeffort，youwillsucceed.＝Onemoreeffort，andyouwillsucceed.＝Makeonemoreeffort，andyouwillsucceed.假如你再努力些，你就會勝利。(effort)(3)Workharderand/thenyouwillsucceedinyourstudies.＝Ifyouworkharder，you'llsucceedinyourstudies.＝Workingharder，youwillsucceedinyourstudies.假如你努力學習，在學習上你就會勝利。(work)(4)寫作實力提升eq\x(一句多譯)假如你不刻苦學習，你就會考試不及格。①Studyhard，or/otherwiseyou'llfailinyourexams.②Ifyoudon'tstudyhard，you'llfailinyourexams.③Youwillfailinyourexamsunlessyoustudyhard.(5)單句語法填空eq\x(走進高考)(2024·北京卷)Inanyunsafesituation，simplypressthebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Manyworkerssaidtheycouldn'tbear(忍受)thelonghours.2．Amarriageprovidesasafeandstable(安定的)homeforthehusbandandwife.3．Morethan100,000peoplediedperyearbecauseofpassive(被動的)smoking.4．Inmyopinion，onlybyfacingdifficultiesbravelyandseizing(抓住)opportunitiescanonesucceed.5．Leaveabasinofwateroutsideinfreezing(寒冷的)weather，anditwillsoonbecoveredwithice.6．Whatcriteria(標準)areusedforassessingastudent'sability?7．He'stooyoungtodistinguish(區(qū)分)rightfromwrong，andneedsyourguidance.8．Thatgirltapped(輕敲)herfingersonthedeskimpatiently.9．Shehassucha(n)innocent(無辜的)facethatIfindithardtobelieveanythingbadofher.10．Weallhaveanexpectation(期盼)thathecanpassthedrivingtestnextweek.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Thesoundofseagullscalledinhishappymemoriesofhischildhood.in→up2．Whenyoucometoschool，pleasevisitmyofficeforyourconvenience.for→at3．Wetriedinvaintoreachyoulastnight.Wasyourphoneoutoftheorder？去掉the4．Thenewgovernmentmustsetoutfindingsolutionstothecountry'economicproblems.out→about5．Seizethechanceandyouwillregretit.and→or/otherwise6．Ithinkyousbouldbecautionaboutgivingyouraddresstostrangers.caution→cautious7．Ifeelhonoredtohavethechancetolive，workandassociateforthem.for→with8．Distinguishingforitsdiligenceandcourage，theChineseNationhasattractedtheattentionfromtheworld.Distinguishing→DistinguishedⅢ.教材與語法填空Whenthewritercalleduphermotherinthecountryside1.onthephone，shelearnedthatsnakescameneartheirhouseandthatthesnakes2.seemed(seem)tohavemadetheirhomethere.Thewriterfeltproudandconsidered3.itachanceforhertodistinguishherselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.Shesetabout4.researching(research)thehabitsofsnakes.Shedecidedtocoolthemsothattheycouldbeeasilycaught.5However，herfirsttwoplanswerenotsuccessful.As6.aresult，shehadtoattempta7.thirdtime，whichhelpedherfulfillheraim8.successfully(success)．9.Pressed(press)byherfriendsandrelations，shedecidedtosendher10.invention(invent)tothepatentofficetogetrecognitionforhersuccessfulidea.Ⅳ.教材與短文改錯AlexanderGrahamBellbornin1847inScotland.Whenhewasyoung