UNIT1學(xué)情評估

第一部分(聽力共30分)

I.聽選答案(共15小題，計(jì)20分)

第一節(jié)：聽下面10段對話，每段對話后有一個(gè)問題，讀兩遍。請根據(jù)每段

對話的內(nèi)容和后面的問題，從所給的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出問題的正確答案。(共10小

題，計(jì)10分)

()1.A.Hehasasoreleg.B.Hehasasoreback.C.Hehasasorearm.

()2.A.Intheschool.B.Inthelibrary.C.Inthehospital.

()3.A.HeplayedcomputergamesB.Heplayedfootball.

C.Hewatchedafootballgame.

()4.A.Water.B.Hotmilk.C.Coke.

()5.A.Somecakes.B.Somemedicine.C.Somedrink.

()6.A.Anapple.B?Anorange.C.Abanana.

()7.A.She'stired.B.Shedrinkstoomuchmilk.

C.Shecan!tsleep.

()8.A.BecauseshehasafeverB.Becauseshe'sstressedout.

C.Becauseshehasatoothache.

()9.A.Thismorning.B.Yesterdayevening.

C.Yesterdaymorning.

()10.A.Adoctor.B.Afarmer.C.Aguide.

第二節(jié)：聽下面兩段材料，每段材料后有幾道小題，請根據(jù)材料的內(nèi)容，從

題目所給的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出問題的正確答案。每段材料讀兩遍。(共5小題，計(jì)

10分)

聽第I段材料，回答第n、12小題。

()11.What'swrongwithTom'swife?

A-Shehurtherleg.B.Shehurtherhead.C.Shehurtherarm.

()12.Howfarisitfromthebanktothehospital?

A.Aboutthreekilometers.B.Aboutfourkilometers.

C-Aboutfivekilometers.

聽第2段材料，回答第13至15小題。

（）13.Whatwasthematterwiththeboy?

A.Hadacold.B.Hadafever.C.Hadacough.

（）14.Howistheboyfeelingnow?

A.Better.B.Worse.C.Wedon'tknow.

（）15.Whydoestheboycomebacktoschool?

A.Totakethefinalexam.B.Totakehislessons.

C?Tomeethisteacher.

n.聽填信息（共5小題,計(jì)io分）

本題你將聽到一段獨(dú)白，讀兩遍。請根據(jù)獨(dú)白內(nèi)容，用所聽到的信息完成下

列各題。每空不超過三個(gè)單詞。

16.Johnhada.

17.Johnwenttothehospitallastmorning.

18.ThedoctortoldJohntohaveabalanced.

19.Johnshouldtakethemedicineaday.

20.Johnshoulddosomeeveryday.

第二部分（筆試共90分）

III.完形填空（共20小題，計(jì)20分）

第一節(jié)：閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，從各

小題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文連貫完整。

Cathyisa9-year-oldgirl.Thiswintervacation,herparentsneededtoworkand

onlyhergrandmotherhadtimetolookafter21.SoCathystayedwithher

grandmotherinthedaytime.Onemorning,asusual,Cathy'smother22hertoher

grandmother^house.ShewatchedCathygetout23thecarandgointotheyard.

Thenshewenttowork.

Cathyknockedon（敲擊）thedoor,24hergrandmotherdidn'tcome.Cathy

feltthatsomething25notright.Shewalkedaroundthehouse.Througha

window,shefoundhergrandmotherlyingonthesofa.Herbodywas26.

Cathycalled911rightaway.Whenthepolicearrived,theyopened27doorand

sentthegrandmothertothehospitalquickly.Later,thedoctorsaid,"Thegrandmother

couldn't28becauseofherbrainaneurysm(腦動脈瘤).29thegirl

savedherintime."

DaybydayCathy'sgrandmotherisgetting30andbetter.Shehopestoplay

withCathyagainsomeday.

()21.A.sheB.herC.hersD.herself

()22.A.driveB.drivesC.droveD.willdrive

()23.A.withB.toC.forD.of

()24.A.butB.untilC.orD.so

()25.A.isB.wasC.areD?were

()26.A.shakesB.shookC?shakingD.toshake

()27.A./B.aC.anD.the

()28.A.moveB.movesC.movedD?willmove

()29.A.LuckyB.LuckilyC.EasyD.Easily

()30.A.wellB.bacIC.betterD.worse

第二節(jié)：閱讀下面短文，理解大意，然后從各小題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答

案，使短文連貫完整。

IstillrememberthatcoldwintermorningwhenIwassick.Iwokeupwithavery

31feeling.IfeltlikeIranoutofmyenergy(精力)andcouldntstop_32.1

triedtoshoutforhelpbutnosoundcameout.Whatwasthe33withme?WasI

dreaming?

I34_inbeduntilmymothercametomyroom.Shetouchedmyheadand

knewIhada35—.Mymothertookmetothehospitalrightaway.

Inthehospitalanursetookmy36.ltwas39℃!Thedoctortoldmymother

mysore37caused(導(dǎo)致)theillness.Hesaidtome,“Noice-cream,nodrinksand

nocomputergames.Takethemedicineandgetenough38.“Afterthatwewent

home.

Followingthedoctor's39Ifeltmuch40then.However,thatwasa

terribleexperienceformeforever(永遠(yuǎn)).

()31.A.goodB.badC?excitedD.happy

()32.A.laughingB.eatingC?coughingD.reading

()33.A.meaningB.healthC.questionD?matter

()34.A.layB.ateC-heardD.stood

()35.A.coughB.stomachacheC.feverD.toothache

()36.A.temperatureB.X-rayC.teaD?coat

()37.A.neckB.backC?throatD.arm

()38.A.footB.workC?homeworkD.rest

()39.A.bookB.adviceC?problemD.hand

()40.A.tallerB.busierC.betterD.older

W.閱讀理解（共15小題，計(jì)20分）

第一節(jié)：閱讀下面A、B、C三篇材料，從所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能回答問

題或完成所給句子的一個(gè)最佳答案。（共10小題，計(jì)15分）

A懣形黃"濟(jì)新朝

Diagnosis（診斷書）

PeopledHospitalNumber：142536

Patient

Name：JamesBrook

Gender：Man

Dateofbirth：March14,2010Job：Student

Phonenumber：25860702

Address（地址）：No.3Road

Problems：Catchingacoldandhavingacough.

Suggestions：

l.Takethemedicine3timesadayaftereverymeal.

2.Drinkenoughwaterandhaveenoughsleep.

Attention：Seeadoctorassoonaspossibleifyoufeelunwell（不適）.

Cost

Medicine：37yuanService：8yuan

Signature（簽名）：MichaelMiller

Date：April24

（）41.What'sthematterwithJamesBrook?

A.Hehasafeverandacough.

B.Hehasacoldandacough.

C-Hehasafeverandastomachache.

D.Hehasaheadacheandastomachache.

（）42.HowmuchshouldJamesBrookpayintotal（總共）？

A.37yuan.B.8yuan.C.45yuan.D.29yuan.

（）43.Whatcanweknowfromthediagnosis?

A.Theageofthepatient.

B.ThelivinghabitsofJamesBrook.

C.Theaddressofthehospital.

D.ThephonenumberofMichaelMiller.

B

Whatshouldwedoifoneofourclassmatessuddenlyfallsillorgetshurt?

Herearesomestepsyoushouldfoliow.Butalwaysremembertolookformedicalcare

afterfirstaid（急救）ifthewoundisserious.

Brokenbones（骨折）：Takeawayclothingfromthewound.Useanicepack.Don't

movethebodywhilewaitingforthedoctortoarrive.

Animalbites（動物咬傷）：Washthebiteareawithsoapandwater.Packthe

woundwithacleanclothifitisbleeding.Ifthebleedinghasstopped,coverthearea

withabandageandtakethepersontothehospital.Makesureyourememberwhat

kindofanimalitissothedoctorcanfindtherightwaytotreathimorheratonce.

Fainting(昏厥):Havethepersonliewithfeetliftedalittle.Don'tmovethe

body.Makesureheorshecanbreatheandletinfreshair.Cleantheperson'sfacewith

acoolcloth.

Nosebleeds:Havethepersonsitupwithhisorherheadtilted(傾余斗)forwarda

little.Donothavethepersontilthisorherheadbackbecausethismaycauseheavy

breathingorcoughing.Pinch(捏)thelowerpartofthenoseforatleast10minutes.

()44.Whendealingwiththeproblemsof,weshouldn'tmovethebody.

A.brokenbonesandanimalbites

B.animalbitesandnosebleeds

C.brokenbonesandfainting

D?faintingandnosebleeds

()45.Whatshouldwedoifsomeonefaints?

A.Movehimorhertothehospital.

B.Lethimorherliewithfeetliftedalittle.

C.Useanicepack.

D.Pinchthelowerpartofthenose.

()46.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrightwhenaboy'snosebleeds?

A.Don'tlethisheadtiltback.

B.Lethisheadtiltforwardalittle.

C.Lethimsitup.

D.Pinchhisnoseforlessthan10minutes.

()47.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.FirstAidforSomeAccidentalWounds

B.StepsofLookingforMedicalCare

C.AdviceonWaysNottoGetHurt

D?WaystoAskforHelpinGettingHurt

C

Childchoking(窒息)isoneoftheseriousproblemsmanyparentsface.Whenit

comestochoking,timeiseverything.

InaSouthCarolinarestaurant,a1O-month-oldbabychokedonapieceof

cake.Hisparents,JayneandJon,hithimonthebackfirst.However,nothingwas

working,andthebabywasstartingtoturnblue.

Hisparentsquicklyrealized(意識至lj)howseriousitwas.Jaynebegancallingfor

help."Ithappenedreallyfast.Atthatpoint,mysoncouldn'tbreathe.Ithoughthewas

goingtodie,“Jaynesaid.

Allthepeopleintherestaurantwantedtohelp,butnobodyactually(實(shí)際

_t)knewwhattodo.Suddenly,amansaidhewasabletosavethebaby.Butinsteadof

runningtothebaby,herantohiscartogetamachinecalledLifeVac/'Themoment

wasscaryformeaswell.Thebabylookedreallybad.Themothertrustedme,likethe

lasthope,“themansaidlaterthatday.

LifeVacisanairway-clearingmachine.Themanhadkeptthemachineinhiscar

foralmostfiveyearsandhadneverneededitbefore.Heusedittotrytogetthecake

outofthebaby'sairway.Luckily,afterseveraltries,hesavedalifethatday.

()48.Whatdidtheparentsdofirstwhenthechokinghappened?

A.Theycalledforhelp.

B.Theycried.

C?Theyhitthebabyontheback.

D.Theyrantoahospital.

()49.Wheredidthechokinghappen?

A.Inanoffice.

B.Inthestreet.

C.Atahotel.

D.Atarestaurant.

()50.Whydidthemanruntohiscar?

A.Togoawaybycar.

B.Togetthespecialmachine.

C.Togetsomemedicine.

D.Tosendthebabyhome.

第二節(jié)：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（共5小題，計(jì)5分）

Themostcommondiseaseintheworldisthecold.ltoftenstartswithasore

throat.51.Youusuallyhaveaheadache,too.Oftenyouhaveacough

later.Itsnotaseriousdisease,butyoucanfeelquitebad.

Thereisn'tacure（療法）forthecold,butyoucantakesomemedicinetomake

youfeelbetter.52.Itisgoodtodrinkalotofwater.Adoctoroncetoldme,

“Withtherightmedicine,acoldwilllastforsevendays.53."Alongtime

ago,peopleunderstoodthatsomeplantscouldmakethemfeelbetter.54.In

moderntimes,scientistshavefoundoutwhichchemicals（化學(xué)物質(zhì)）areinthem.55.

Therearesomediseasesthatwecan'tcureyet.Andnobodyhasfoundacure

foroldage.Butbecauseofmodernmedicine,peoplenowlivelongerthantheir

grandparents.

A.Withnomedicine,itwillgoonforaweek!

B.Yousneezeandyournoseruns.

C.Thefollowingday,Iaskedhimaboutthemedicine.

D.Manyofourmedicinestodayaremadefromthosechemicals.

E.Forexample,thejuiceoflemons（檸檬）makesasorethroatfeelbetter.

F.Forexample,youcantakeaspirin（阿司匹林）togetridofyourheadache.

G.Thereissomemedicinethatcancurethecold.

V.完成句子：根據(jù)所給漢語意思，用單詞或短語完成下列英文句子。（共5小題,

計(jì)10分）

56.出乎每個(gè)人的意料，他們的計(jì)劃和我們的計(jì)劃完全相同。

Toeveryone's,theirplanisexactlythesameasours.

57.多虧了司機(jī)和乘客們，那位老人被及時(shí)送到醫(yī)院。

thedriverandthepassengers,theoldmanwassenttothe

hospitalintime.

58.直到最后一名乘客下了公交車，那位司機(jī)才離開。

Thedriverdidn'tleaveuntilthelastpassengerthebus.

59.你現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣冒險(xiǎn)了嗎？

Areyouusedtonow?

60.許多次我們都想放棄，但我們奮力堅(jiān)持了下來。

Manytimeswethoughtabout,butwefought

on.

VI.短文填空：用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文完整正確。（每個(gè)單詞

限用一次，每空限填一個(gè)單詞。）（共10小題，計(jì)10分）

befinalfathertheydecidehelpeducateuseseriousdanger

Kindergartens（幼兒園）mayteachchildrenveryimportantthingstheyneedto

know.Dancy,a5-year-oldboy,savedhisfather'slifewiththeskills（技能）helearned.

Theboy*sfatherbecame61.illonthewayhomefromfather-son

shopping.Hecouldn'tspeakandhadtroublemoving,buthetriedhardtostopthecar

safely.Dancyusedhis62.phonetocallhismotherforhelp.The5-year-old

boytriedhisbesttogiveher63.informationandhe64.ableto

tellwheretheywere.Justashehadlearnedinthekindergarten,Dancyreadtheletters

hesawonanearbystoresign,“F,U,R,N,I,T,U,R,E."Butthatwasn'tenoughfor

hismothertofind65..Thenheaddedthattheywerenearabridge.66.

,hismotherunderstoodhewastalkingaboutastorecalledFurniture22.

Themothercalled911andthedoctorssavedherhusbandintime.

“Heknewhisfatherwasinavery67.situation,“Dancy'smothertold

thereporter.Shealsopointedoutthatherhusbandwasahero,too."Hemadea68.

togetoffthehighwayandgethimselfandhischildtosafetyevenwhenhe

wassosick,“shesaid.

Shine,theheadofthekindergarten,feltproudofhispupil."Dancy'sspelling

skills69.him,“hesaid.uAndthafstherealvalue（價(jià)值）of70.

，，

vn.任務(wù)型閱讀：閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成下列各題。（共5小題，計(jì)

10分）

Isawanaccidentonmywaytothecollegethreedaysago.

Iwaswaitingforthebusatthebusstop.Whenthebuscame,Igotonthebusand

satbythewindow.Thebusstartedtomove.Afteraboutfiveminutes,thebusstopped

towaitforthesignal（1言號燈）,Ilookedoutsideandsawanoldmancrossingthe

road.Therewerenotmanypeopleontheroad.Aboywasridingamotorbike（摩寸毛車）

veryfastfrommyside.ltseemedthathedidnotseethesignal.Whentheboynoticed

theoldman,hetriedtoslowdownhismotorbikebuttherewasnotime.Hehittheold

manandtheoldmanwashurtbadly.Theboyalsofelldown.Thetwoofthemlay

inthepoolofblood.Manypeoplegatheredaroundthemandgavetheirideas.Iwas

frightenedbecauseIsawthewholeaccident.Thenawomancalledtheambulance（救

護(hù)車）.Itcamequicklyandtookthemtothehospital.

Thenextday,Ireadthenewspaper.Theoldmandiedbutthedoctorsavedthe

boyintime.Thiswasaterribletrafficaccident.

71.Whendidthewriterseeanaccident?

Thewritersawanaccidentonhiswaytothecollege.

72.Whatdidthewriterseeanoldmandoingwhenhelookedoutsideonthebus?

Thewritersawanoldmanwhen

helookedoutsideonthebus.

73.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"Thetwoofthem^^refertointhepassage?

Itreferstointhepassage.

74.WhichEnglishwordinthepassagehasthesamemeaningas“scared”?

Ifs“________________________________________________

75.Whattitle（標(biāo)題）canyoumakeforthispassageinnomorethaneightwordsusing

“Terrible,Accident”?

Thetitlecanbe“______________________________________________，，

vm.補(bǔ)全對話（共5小題，計(jì)5分）

根據(jù)下面對話中的情境，在每個(gè)空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z句，使對話恢復(fù)完整。

A:Hi,Lisa.Youdon'tlookwell.76.?

B:Ihaveastomachache.

A:77.?

B:Istartedtofeeluncomfortablelastnight.

A:Lastnight?78.?

B:Iatehotpot（火鍋）withmybestfriend.Afterthat,weatemuchdelicious

ice-cream.

A:That'sprobablywhy.Youshouldn'teattoomuchhotfoodorcoldfood.

B:Yeah,youareright.Oh,Ifeelterriblenow.79.?

A:Ithinkyoushouldgotoadoctoratonce.Icangowithyou.

B:80..

A:You'rewelcome.

IX.書面表達(dá)（共1題，計(jì)15分）

假如你校即將舉行主題為“怎樣保持健康”的英文演講比賽，請你根據(jù)以下思

維導(dǎo)圖提示，完成一篇英文演講稿。

要求：1.主要內(nèi)容包含思維導(dǎo)圖中的信息，圖中“…”處自行發(fā)揮，需符合主

題要求；2.全文不少于70詞，演講稿的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

breakfast

Goodmorning,boysandgirls,

Thefirstwealth（貝才富）ishealth.Buthowcanwekeepfit?Letmetellyou.

Healthforallandallforhealth!Thanksforlistening.

參考答案

I.第一節(jié)

1.W：What'sthematter,boy?

M：Ihaveasoreleg.

Q：What'swrongwiththeboy?

2.W：WhereisSara?Sheisnotheretoday.

M：Ithinksheisinthehospitalnow.Shehadastomachacheyesterday.

Q：WhereisSara?

3.W：Youlooktired,Gary.

M：Yes.Iwatchedafootballgametilllatelastnight.

Q：WhatdidGarydolastnight?

4.M：Oh,Ihaveafever,Mom.

W：Youshoulddrinklotsofwater.

Q：Whatshouldtheboydrink?

5.W：Whatareyoulookingfor,Tommy?

M：Iamhungry.Pdlikesomecakes.

Q：WhatwouldTommyliketohave?

6.W：Youareseldomill.What'sthesecret,Tom?

M：Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.

Q：WhatdoesTomeateverydaytokeephealthy?

7.W：Ican'tsleepatnight,DoctorClark.

M：Don'tstressout.Drinksomemilkbeforeyougotosleep.

Q：What'sthematterwiththewoman?

8.M：WhereisJill?Thebusisstarting.

W：Shehasafever,soshecan'tgotothemuseumtoday.

Q：Whycan'tJillvisitthemuseum?

9.W：What'sthematter,littleboy?

M：Oh,Idon'tfeelwell.Ihaveaheadache.

W：Whendiditstart?

M：Thismorning.Oh,yesterdayevening.

Q：Whendidtheproblemstart?

10.W：What'sthebestwaytostayhealthy,Mr.Smith?

M：Havinghealthyfoodisthemostimportantthing.

W：Whatelse?

M：Youshouldstopsmokinganddomoreexercise.

Q：What'sprobablytheman?

弟一p

Text1

W：Hello!Thisis120.Whoisthatspeaking?

M：ThisisTom.Help!Help!Pleasehelpme!

W：Yes,sir.Whathappened?

M：Mywifefelldownandhurtherhead.Sheisbadlyill.

W：Relax,sir.Whereareyounow?

M：FmonHopeRoadnearthebank,about5kilometersfromPeople'sHospital.

W：OK.We'recominginfiveminutes.

Text2

W：Youwerenotatschoolyesterday.Whatwaswrongwithyou?

M：Ihadabadcold.

W：Sorrytohearthat.Howareyoufeelingnow?

M：Muchbetter,butIstillhavetotakesomemedicine.

W：Youshouldstayathomeandrestforafewdays.Whydoyoucomebacktoschool

now?

M：Idon'twanttomissanymorelessons.Myfinalexamiscomingupsoon.

W：Healthcomesfirst.Don'tworryaboutyourstudies.Illhelpyouwithyourlessons.

M：You'resokind.Thankyou.

W：You'rewelcome.

II.JohnwasilllastSaturdayevening.Hehadafever.LastSundaymorning,his

mothertookhimtothehospital.Thedoctoraskedhimsomequestionsandlooked

himovercarefully.ThenhetoldJohntohaveabalanceddietandnottogettoo

tired.HegaveJohnsomemedicineandtoldhimtotakeitthreetimesadayandto

takesomeexerciseeveryday.Aftersomedays,Johngotmuchbetterandwentto

schoolhappilyagain.

第一部分（聽力）

I.1—5:ACCAA6-10:ACABA11—15:BCAAB

11.16.fever17.Sunday18.diet19.three/3times

20.exercise

第二部分（筆試）

HI.第一節(jié)21—25:BCDAB26—30:CDABC

第二節(jié)31—35:BCDAC36?40:ACDBC

W.第一節(jié)41—43:BCA44—47:CBDA48—50:CDB

第二節(jié)51?55:BFAED

V.56.surprise57.Thanksto58.gotoff

59.takingrisks/arisk60.givingup

VI.61.seriously62.father's63.useful64.was

65.them66.Finally67.dangerous68.decision

69.helped70.education

VII.71.threedaysago72.crossingtheroad

73.theoldmanandtheboy74.frightened

75.ATerribleTrafficAccident

VID.76.What'sthematterwithyou

77.Whendidyoustarttofeeluncomfortable

78.Whatdidyoueatyesterday79.WhatshouldIdo

80.Thankyouverymuch/Thanksalot

IX.Goodmorning,boysandgirls,

Thefirstwealthishealth.Buthowcanwekeepfit?Letmetellyou.

First,ahealthydietisimportanttous.Forbreakfast,weneedtohavemilkand

bread.Forlunch,weshouldhaverice,meatandvegetables.Fordinner,weshouldhave

fishandvegetables.Snacksareunhealthy,andweneedtostopeatingthem.Second,

exerciseisalsogoodforourhealth.Asstudents,weshoulddomorningexercisesafter

class.Wecanalsogorunning.Third,activitiesaregoodforus.Weshouldtakean

activepartinschoolactivities.Andtoday'sspeechcontestmakesmefeelgreat.Last

butnotleast,beinghappyisalsoimportantforourhealth.Learntosmileandsay

hello.

Healthforallandallforhealth!Thanksforlistening.

【評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】

檔次書面表達(dá)技

評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)其他說明

份數(shù)）能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)描述

1.能根據(jù)寫作要求

收集、準(zhǔn)備素

很好地完成了規(guī)定

材；行文緊扣主題，語

的寫作任務(wù)。包含

2.能獨(dú)立起草文言表述流暢生動，

所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，結(jié)

段；幾乎無語言瑕疵

構(gòu)完整，語句流暢，

第五檔3.能使用連接詞表（15分）；或行文較

意思清楚、連貫。

（14?示順序和邏輯為流暢生動，或雖

使用較為豐富的語

15分）關(guān)系，銜接連語言表述流暢生

法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，語

貫較好；動，但存在極個(gè)別

法和詞匯錯(cuò)誤較

4.能很好地描述人語言待完善之處

少，格式正確，書

物事件，且語（14分）。

寫規(guī)范。

言運(yùn)用正確、

得體。

較好地完成了規(guī)定1.能根據(jù)寫作要求行文緊扣主題，內(nèi)

的寫作任務(wù)?；臼占?zhǔn)備素容描述完整，語言

第四檔上包含所有內(nèi)容要材；