Electrificationwithrenewables:Enhancinghealthcaredeliveryin

Zimbabwe

?IRENA2025

Unlessotherwisestated,materialinthispublicationmaybefreelyused,shared,copied,reproduced,printedand/orstored,providedthatappropriateacknowledgementisgivenofIRENAandSELCOFoundationasthesourceandcopyrightholder.Materialinthispublicationthatisattributedtothirdpartiesmaybesubjecttoseparatetermsofuseandrestrictions,andappropriatepermissionsfromthesethirdpartiesmayneedtobesecuredbeforeanyuseofsuchmaterial.

ISBN:978-92-9260-663-3

Citation:IRENAandSELCOFoundation(2025),Electrificationwithrenewables:EnhancinghealthcareinZimbabwe,

InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi.

AboutIRENA

TheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA)isanintergovernmentalorganisationthatsupportscountriesintheirtransitiontoasustainableenergyfuture,andservesastheprincipalplatformforinternationalco-operation,acentreofexcellence,andarepositoryofpolicy,technology,resourceandfinancialknowledgeonrenewableenergy.IRENApromotesthewidespreadadoptionandsustainableuseofallformsofrenewableenergy,includingbioenergy,geothermal,hydropower,ocean,solarandwindenergyinthepursuitofsustainabledevelopment,energyaccess,energysecurityandlow-carboneconomicgrowthandprosperity.

AboutSELCOFoundation

Establishedin2010asanot-for-profitorganisation,SELCOFoundationseekstoinspireandimplementsolutionsthatalleviatepovertyandcontributetoclimateactionbyimprovingaccesstosustainableenergytounderservedcommunitiesinamannerthatissocially,financiallyandenvironmentallysustainable.TheFoundation’sworkiscentredonthreekeypillars:ecosystembuilding,innovationandscale,andenterpriseincubation.SELCOFoundationdemonstratestheroleofcleanenergyandenergyefficiencyinenhancingwell-being,livelihoods,healthandeducation.

Acknowledgements

ThisreportwasdevelopedundertheguidanceofGürbüzG?nül(Director,IRENACountryEngagementandPartnerships)andKavitaRai(IRENA),andauthoredbyWilsonMatekenya(IRENA),SimrinChhachhiandVidyaVenkatesh(SELCOFoundation)andHiltonChingosho(consultant).Thereportwaspeer-reviewedbyNtseboSephelane(IRENA),HarishHande(SELCOFoundation)andKarthikaSasidharan(GlobalSDG7Hubs).ThereportbenefitedfromcontributionsbyShoraiKavu,SostenZiukuandFrankChiku(GovernmentofZimbabwe),GodfreySibanda(UNDP),ShamisoMoyo(WeCareSolar),MeghanaRajanandMayurNilawar(SELCOFoundation).ThereportbenefitedfromfeedbackprovidedbyrepresentativesofRenewableEnergyAssociationofZimbabwe,RuralElectrificationAgency(Zimbabwe)(REA),ZimbabweAssociationofChurch-RelatedHospitals(ZACH)andZimbabweEnergyRegulatoryAuthority(ZERA).

PublicationsandeditorialsupportwasprovidedbyFrancisFieldandStephanieClarke.ThereportwaseditedbyStefanieDurbinwithdesignbyNachoSanz.

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CONTENTS

CONTENTS

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

Figures,tablesandboxes 4

Abbreviations 5

Executivesummary 6

Sustainableenergyforresilienthealthcare 9

1.1Backgroundoftheprogramme 9

1.2Energyforhealth 9

HealthandhealthcareinZimbabwe 11

2.1Demographicandgeographiccharacteristics 11

2.2HealthandhealthcareinZimbabwe 11

2.3HealthcareinfrastructureinZimbabwe 12

EnablingenergyecosysteminZimbabwe 15

3.1Zimbabweanenergylandscape 15

3.2ChallengesandgapsinZimbabwe’senergyaccessandtheireffectonhealthservices 16

3.3Keystakeholdersforhealth-energynexus 17

Assessmentmethodology,analysisandinsights 18

4.1Studymethodology 19

4.2Keyfindings 20

Solarenergysystemdesignandcosting 24

5.1Rationaleforsolarenergysystemdesignoptions 24

5.2Solarenergysystemdesignoptionsforhealthfacilities 25

5.3Solarenergysystemdesignoptionsforstaffquarters 32

5.4Otherdesignconsiderations 33

5.5Solarenergysystemdesigncostassumptions 34

Sustainabilityofsolarenergysystems 38

6.1Trainingonsolarenergysystems 38

6.2O&M 39

6.3FinancingforO&M 42

Roadmapfortheprogramme 43

Conclusion 46

References 47

Appendices 48

AppendixA:Typesoffacilitiesandtheirdistributionacrossprovinces 48

AppendixB:Parametersandassumptionsforsolarenergysystemdesign 50

AppendixC:Activitiestobecarriedoutduringannualservicevisits 52

3

ENHANCINGHEALTHCAREDELIVERYINZIMBABWE

FIGURES

Figure1Mapofthesurveyedhealthfacilities 19

Figure2Typeofpatientcareacrossfacilitytype 20

Figure3Servicesaffectedbyunreliableelectricity 21

Figure4Sourceofelectricityinhealthcentres 22

Figure5Sourceofelectricityinruralhospitals 22

Figure6Toiletfacilitiesathealthcentresandruralhospitals 23

Figure7Mapofthesurveyedhealthfacilities 25

Figure8ExampleofSaurae-Mitra:Adigitalincidencemanagementsystem 41

TABLES

Table1Typesofhealthfacilities 12

Table2Keyservicesacrossdifferenttypesofhealthcarefacilities 14

Table3Studyapproachtodatacollectionandanalysis 19

Table4DesignconsiderationsforsolarsystemsbyRHCtype 25

Table5Parametersforsolarenergysystemforahealthpost/clinic 28

Table6Parametersforsolarenergysystemforahealthcentre 29

Table7Parametersforsolarenergysystemforaruralhospital 30

Table8Parametersforsolarenergysystemforadistricthospital 31

Table9Designconsiderationsforasolarenergysysteminstaffquarters 32

Table10Parametersforasolarenergysystemforstaffquarters 32

Table11Costestimateforvariousdesignsofhealthposts/clinics 34

Table12Costestimateforvariousdesignsofahealthcentre 35

Table13Costestimateforvariousdesignsofaruralhospital 35

Table14Costestimateforvariousdesignsofadistricthospital 36

Table15Costestimateforvariousdesignsofstaffquarters 36

Table16Totalcostforallfacilitieswithentireloadandstaffquarters 37

Table17Totalcostforallfacilitieswithcriticalloadandstaffquarters 37

Table18Totalprogrammecostforimplementation 37

TableB.1Assumptionsforsolarenergysystemdesign 51

TableC.1Activitiestobeperformed(components) 52

TableC.2Issueresolutionprocess(example) 53

FIGURRES,TABLESANDBOxES

BOXES

Box1KeystakeholdersintheZimbabwehealth-energysector 17

Box2DREsystemdesignoptions 26

4

ELECTRIFICATIONWITHRENEWABLES

ABBREVIATIONS

MoLGPW

MinistryofLocalGovernmentandPublicWorks

MaximumPowerPointTrackingmegawatt

NationalDevelopmentStrategy1non-governmentalorganisationNationalHealthStrategy

operationandmaintenanceout-patientdepartment

operationtheatre

powerconditioningunitphotovoltaic

RuralElectrificationAgency

RuralElectrificationFund

remotemonitoringsystem

solardirectdrive

SustainableDevelopmentGoalstandardoperatingprocedureuniversalhealthcoverage

UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeUnitedStatesdollar

volt

ventilatedimprovedpit

water,sanitationandhygieneWorldHealthOrganization

ZimbabweEnergyRegulatoryAuthorityZimbabweElectricitySupplyAuthorityZimbabweElectricityTransmissionandDistributionCompany

Aampere

ACalternatingcurrent

MPPT

MW

NDS1

NGO

NHS

O&M

OPD

OT

PCU

PV

REA

REF

RMS

SDD

SDG

SOP

UHC

UNDP

USD

V

VIP

WASH

WHO

ZERA

ZESA

ZETDC

AMCannualmaintenancecontract

CRchargeregulator

DCdirectcurrent

DGdieselgenerator

DNIdirectnormalirradiance

DODdepthofdischarge

DREdecentralisedrenewableenergy

GHIglobalhorizontalirradiance

GPSglobalpositioningsystem

HBhemoglobin

HIVhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus

ICUintensivecareunit

IPDinpatientdepartment

IRENAInternationalRenewableEnergyAgencykVAkilovoltampere

kWkilowatt

kWhkilowatthour

kWpkilowattpeak

LEDlightemittingdiode

LOLPlossofloadprobability

m2squaremetre

MoECWMinistryofEnvironment,ClimateandWildlife

MoEPDMinistryofEnergyandPower

Development

MoFEDIPMinistryofFinanceandEconomic

DevelopmentandInvestmentPromotionMoHCCMinistryofHealthandChildCare

MoLAFWRDMinistryofLands,Agriculture,Fisheries,

WaterandRuralDevelopment

ABBREVIATIONS

ENHANCINGHEALTHCAREDELIVERYINZIMBABWE5

6ELECTRIFICATIONWITHRENEWABLES

ESEXECUTIVESUMMARY

I

nlinewithZimbabwe’sobjectiveofimprovingitshealthcaresystemtoensurethewell-beingofallits 15.2millioncitizens,providingreliableenergyisvitalforpoweringhealthservices,especiallyinremoteandunderservedareas.

Zimbabwe’shealthcaresystemcomprisesfivetiersofcare,eachofferingadifferentlevelofservice,withonetierfocusedonthedevelopmentofhealthtechnology.Thecountry’shealthcareinfrastructureconsistsof1848facilities,yetnearlyathirdoftheselackreliableelectricity.Thispowerdeficitimpactsthequalityofhealthservices,withfrequentpowercutsforcingclinicstocloseaftersunsetandaffectingemergencycare,vaccinestorage,andtheprovisionofbothbasicandlife-savinghealthservices.

Thisstudyassessed50publichealthcarefacilitiesacrossZimbabweusinganecosystemapproachtoexploretheenergychallengesaffectinghealthservicedelivery.Furthermore,thestudyaimedtocomprehensivelyassessthehealth-energyecosystem,gatherdataforhealth-energyinitiatives,estimaterequiredinvestmentsandproposearoadmapforsustainablypoweringhealthcarewithrenewableenergy.Thestudyincludedbothprimaryandsecondaryresearchtounderstandcurrentenergyconditionsandinformthedevelopmentofenergysolutionstailoredtothecountry’sneeds.

Thestudyfoundthatmosthealthcentresandruralhospitalsrelyonacombinationofgridandsolarenergy,thoughdisruptionsinpowersupplyremaincommon.Issuessuchassolarsystemmalfunctions,batteryandinverterproblems,overloading,andtheftfurthercompromisereliability.Powerdisruptionsseverelyimpactoutpatientservices,emergencycareanddeliveryservices,withnotabledisruptionsinlaboratoryworkandstaffwell-being.

ExECUTIVESUMMARY

Basedonthesefindings,thestudyproposedtechnicaldesignsforsolarenergysystemstomeettheenergyneedsofhealthcarefacilities.Thesedesignsaretailoredtovariousfacilitytypes,includinghealthposts,healthcentres,ruralhospitalsanddistricthospitals,andaccountforbothregularandcriticalenergyloads.ThetotalinvestmentrequiredtoprovidereliablesolarenergytoallprimaryhealthcarefacilitiesinZimbabwe,alongwithstaffquarters,isestimatedatapproximatelyUSD15.4(UnitedStatesdollars)million,andUSD3.75millionforpoweringcriticalloadsonlyatallhealthfacilities(estimatedat1000facilities).However,ifthelowest-levelfacilitieswereupgradedwithadditionalservicessuchasmaternitywards,laboratories,in-patientdepartmentsandemergencyservices,anadditionalUSD8.4millionwouldberequiredforpoweringallloadsatthefacilities.

ENHANCINGHEALTHCAREDELIVERYINZIMBABWE7

Theintegrationofdecentralisedrenewableenergy(DRE)systemsintoZimbabwe’shealthcareinfrastructurerepresentsasignificantsteptowardensuringthereliabilityandsustainabilityofhealthcareservices,addressingkeychallengesrelatedtoenergyaccessandservicedelivery.ThestudyprovidescriticalinsightsandactionablerecommendationstoensurethesustainabilityofpoweringhealthcarewithDREsolutions,addressingthekeyareasdescribedbelow.

Creatinganinterministerialcommittee

Aninterministerialcommitteeisessentialtodefinerolesandresponsibilitiesforstakeholdersinvolvedintheelectrificationprogramme.ThiscommitteeshouldincluderepresentativesfromtheMinistryofHealthandChildCare(MoHCC),MinistryofEnergyandPowerDevelopment(MoEPD),alongwiththeMinistryofLocalGovernmentandPublicWorks(MoLGPW),MinistryofEnvironment,ClimateandWildlife(MoECW),MinistryofLands,Agriculture,Fisheries,WaterandRuralDevelopment(MoLAFWRD),aswellasindividualswithexperiencefromprevioussolarprojects.Thecommittee’skeytaskswillincludebudgetplanning–specificallyfortheoperationandmaintenance(O&M)ofenergysystemsateveryhealthfacilityunderoperationalcosts–technologybenchmarkingtoensureproductsofinternationalstandardsareprocuredandinstalled,capacitybuildingamongtheministerialbodiestohighlighttheimportanceoflong-termsustainabilityplanningforenergysystems,andpromotingsolaradoptionthroughtaxconcessions.Thecommitteewillalsodocumentlessonslearntandsharesuccessesandchallengeswithothercountries.

Settingupatechnicalprogrammeunit

AtechnicalprogrammeunitcomposedoftechnicalexpertswilloverseethequalityofsolarinstallationsandtheO&Mprocess.Thisunitwillhandlefundmanagementbasedongovernmentallocationandexternalfundraising,co-ordinatebetweenstakeholderstoresolveissues,analysesystemdata,andaddressissuesraisedthroughtheincidencemanagementsystem.Itsroleiscrucialforensuringthesustainabilityofsolarsystems,withaprojectmanageranddatamanagersoverseeingthetechnicalfunctioning.Theunitwillalsoberesponsibleforensuringallsystemsatthehealthfacilitiesremainfunctional,whichbuildsownershipwithinthegovernment.

Financingtheprogramme

TheMoHCCmustleverageexistinghealthfacilitymaintenancefundsandclearlyoutlineabudgetfortheprogramme.FundsshouldberaisedspecificallyforO&Mandheldinescrowaccounts.O&Mactivities(detailedinChapter6)extendbeyondmaintenancecontractswithvendors.Theymustincludefundallocationforout-of-warrantyissuesandcomponentreplacement.CollaborationwiththeRuralElectrificationFund(REF)willensurefinancialresourcesareavailableforsustainableoperations,astheREFhasthemandatetomaintainallenergysystemswithinpublicinstitutions,alongwithotherdevelopmentpartnerswhoaresupportinghealthsystemstrengtheninginthecountry.

Assessingexistingsystemsandbuildings

ExECUTIVESUMMARY

Anindependentauditofexistingsolarenergysystemsinhealthfacilitiesmustbeconductedtoassesstheirfunctionality,identifyingtheneedforreplacementsormaintenance.Thisauditisessentialbecausepastprogrammesinthecountryhaveprovidedsolarenergysystems.Someofthesesystemshavecomponentsthathavereachedtheendoftheirlives,andsomefacilitiesfacechallengesduetoinadequateenergygeneration.Thisassessmentisalsonecessarytounderstandthestateofcurrentsystemsanddeterminetheappropriatestepsforimprovingenergysupplyforallhealthfacilities.

8ELECTRIFICATIONWITHRENEWABLES

Abuildingassessmentiscrucialtoensurehealthfacilitiescansupportsolarinstallationsandmeetenergydemands.Structuraldamageandsubstandardconditionscouldhindersolarpanelinstallationorincreasecosts.Theassessmentwillguiderenovation,constructionandimprovementstoensurebetterenergyefficiencyandaddresslocalchallengeslikeresiliencetodisasterssuchasdrought,floodingandoutbreakslikecholera.

Implementationplan

?Designfinalisation

Designsfortheelectrificationprogrammeshouldbefinalisedbasedonfacilityassessments,providingaclearbudgetindication.Thesedesignsmustbereviewedbyin-countryhealthandenergyexpertsbeforeprocurementbegins.Pricenegotiationsshouldfollowinternationalguidelines,withfundsmaintainedinUSDtomitigatecurrencyfluctuations.

?Procurement

ProcurementshouldfollownationalandWorldHealthOrganisation(WHO)guidelines,withvendorsselectedthroughatenderingprocess.Vendorsmustdemonstratealocalpresence,areliablesupplychainforsparepartsandpastexperienceinsimilarhealth-energyprojectstoensuresuccessfulimplementationandmaintenance.

?Ownershipandassethandover

Adecentralisedownershipmodelforsolarenergysystemsatthefacilityorlocalgovernanceleveliscrucialforlong-termsustainability.Staffandcommunitymembersmustbetrainedonsystemoperations,andnon-governmentalorganisations(NGOs)shouldbeinvolvedinmonitoringandensuringsystemperformance.Thesystemsshouldbeincludedinthefacility’sassetregistryaswellasatthenationalleveltoenhanceaccountability,astheMoHCCwillberesponsibleforbudgetallocationsforongoingmaintenanceandintegratingmaintenanceintonationalhealthplans.

O&M

Settingupprocessesandpracticesforcarryingoutpreventiveandcorrectivemaintenance,alongwithcontinuingannualvendormaintenancecontracts,iscrucialtoensurecomprehensivemaintenanceofthesystemandlong-termsustainability.AprioritisationmatrixalongwithclearchannelsofcommunicationmustbedefinedtoundertakeO&Mfortheprogramme.TheprocessofO&Mbeginswithdefiningitholistically,whichincludesdifferentcomponentssuchasremotemonitoring,financialallocationandout-of-warrantyissues.TheprocessesforO&Maresupportedbyremotemonitoringsystems,theregularcallsmadebythetechnicalprogrammeunit,andissuereportingbythehealthfacilitiesusingdigitalincidencemanagementsystems.

Programmemonitoring

Arobustmonitoringsystemwilltracktheperformanceandutilisationofsolarenergysystemsinhealthcaredelivery.Regularmeetingswithprovincialanddistrictofficerswillhelpassesstheprogramme’simpact,withlearningsfromthegroundinformingfutureimprovementsandexpandingtheprogramme’sreach.

ExECUTIVESUMMARY

Thisreportpresentsaroadmapforasustainablehealth-energyprogramme,emphasisinganintegratedapproachthatcombinesenergy-efficientsystemsandoptimisedinfrastructuretoenhancethedeliveryofprimaryhealthcare.Successfulimplementationofthisapproachreliesonactiveparticipationandcollaborationamongvariousstakeholderswithinthecountry,whoareessentialinbridginggapsinknowledge,resourcesandskillstoimprovepopulationhealthoutcomes.

9

01

SUSTAINABLEENERGYFORRESILIENT

HEALTHCARE

1.1BACKGROUNDOFTHEPROGRAMME

TheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA),SELCOFoundation,andZimbabwe’sMinistryofHealthandChildcare(MoHCC)andMinistryofEnergyandPowerDevelopment(MoEPD),havepartneredtosupportdecisionmakingandimprovehealthcaredeliverybycreatingaroadmapfordesigningandfundingresilientdecentralisedrenewableenergy(DRE)solutionsacrossvariousprimaryhealthcarefacilitiesinZimbabwe.Recognisingthestructuresinplaceforacomprehensiveenergyprogramme,thisdocumentoutlinesaframeworkandrecommendationsfortheMoHCC,MoEPDanddevelopmentpartnerstoaccelerateandsustainacountry-levelDRE-drivenhealth-energynexusprogramme.Thisroadmapwillbecomplementedbyapolicyframeworktosupporttheprogrammes.

1.2ENERGYFORHEALTH

Accesstoreliableandsustainableenergy,asemphasisedinSustainableDevelopmentGoal(SDG)7,iscrucialforachievingSDG3,whichaimstoensurehealthylivesandpromotewell-beingforall.Therelationshipbetweenenergyaccessandhealthoutcomesisparticularlyimportantforprimaryhealthcaresystems,especiallyindevelopingcountries,wherefacilitiesareoftenunder-resourcedandfacesignificantoperationalchallenges.

SUSTAINABLEENERGYFORRESILIENTHEALTHCARE

Primaryhealthcarefacilitiesarethefoundationofhealthservicedeliveryinmostruralareas,yettheyfrequentlystrugglewithunreliableenergysupplies.Thisenergydeficitdirectlyimpactstheirabilitytoprovideessentialservices,suchasemergencyobstetriccare,neonatalcareandimmunisations.Lackofreliablepowerhamperstheoperationofcriticalmedicalequipment,disruptspropervaccinestorageandpreventsadequatelightingfornight-timeprocedures,allofwhichareessentialforqualityhealthcaredelivery.

10ELECTRIFICATIONWITHRENEWABLES

DREsolutionspresentaviableandincreasinglyaccessibleoptiontoaddressthesechallenges,asrenewableenergyallowsforafastertransitiontowardsasustainablefuturethatisinlinewiththeSDGgoals.Solarenergy,inparticular,cansignificantlyenhancetheoperationalcapacityofhealthcarefacilitiesbyprovidingareliable,cost-effectiveandsustainableenergysource.Inoff-gridandremoteareas,whereconventionalenergyinfrastructureisinadequateorprohibitivelyexpensive,solarenergyenablestheoperationofcriticalequipment,supportscoldchainmanagementforvaccines,andfacilitatescommunicationtechnologiessuchastelemedicine,therebystrengtheninghealthcaresystems.Alongwithsolarenergy,itisalsoessentialtointegrateothersourcesofrenewableenergy,accordingtotheiravailabilityandthestructuralprocessesinplacetoaccessthem.Theseincludewindenergyandbiogastosustainablypowerdifferentkindsofenergyneedsathealthfacilities.Severalprogrammesaroundtheworldhaveestablishedtheneedforsustainableenergy,buttherehavebeenstructuralgapsinthefeltneedsandthesolutionsdeployed(WHOetal.,2023).Thisnecessitatesanapproachthatlooksatbridginggapseffectivelywhiledeliveringimpactatscale.

ThesynergybetweenSDG3andSDG7highlightstheimportanceofsuchintegrateddevelopmentapproaches.Achievinguniversalhealthcoverage(UHC)andotherhealth-relatedtargetsunderSDG3isdirectlylinkedtotheavailabilityofsustainableenergysolutions,makingenergyaccessacornerstoneofresilienthealthcaresystems(SEforAll,2022).

SUSTAINABLEENERGYFORRESILIENTHEALTHCARE

?RonGiling/AlamyStockPhoto

02

HEALTHAND

HEALTHCAREINZIMBABWE

2.1DEMOGRAPHICANDGEOGRAPHICCHARACTERISTICS

Zimbabwe,alandlockedcountryinsouthernAfrica,hasapopulationof15.2million,withwomenmakingup52%ofthetotal,andanannualgrowthrateof1.5%.Themedianageis18years,reflectingayoungpopulation.Childrenundertheageof18constitute46.9%ofthetotal,while38.9%areunder15yearsold.Theworking-agegroup(15-65years)makesup56.9%ofthepopulation.Approximately37.7%ofZimbabwe’spopulationlivesinurbanareas.

Coveringanareaofapproximately390760squarekilometres,Zimbabwe’sdiversegeographyincludestheMashonalandPlateau,knownforitsgranitehillsandwoodedvalleys,andtheEasternHighlandsalongtheMozambiqueborder,whereelevationsreachupto2134metres(WorldAtlas,2020).Ithasasubtropicalclimateinfluencedbyitsaltitude,withthreemainseasons:ahot,wetseasonfromNovembertoMarch;acool,drywinterfromMaytoAugust;andahot,dryperiodinSeptemberandOctober.

2.2HEALTHANDHEALTHCAREINZIMBABWE

Zimbabweiscommittedtoachievingthe17SDGsandsupportedthePoliticalDeclarationonUHC,adoptedinSeptember2019.ThesecommitmentsformthefoundationofZimbabwe’sNationalHealthStrategy(NHS),whichaimstoachieveUHCby2030.TheNHS2021-2025isdesignedaroundtwoprimarypillars:

HEALTHANDHEALTHCAREINZIMBABWE

Pillar1:Enhancingqualityandaccessibilityofhealthcareservices:Thisincludesstrengtheningprimaryhealthcare,reducingmaternalandchildmortality,andimprovingdiseasepreventionandmanagementthroughexpandedvaccinationprogrammesandtargetedinterventionsforbothcommunicableandnon-communicablediseases.

Pillar2:Decentralisationofhealthcareservices:Thispromoteslocaldecisionmakingandresourceallocationbyempoweringdistricthealthofficesandexpandingcommunity-basedhealthservices.

TheNHSalignscloselywithZimbabwe’sVision2030andNationalDevelopmentStrategy1(NDS1).Vision2030envisionsaprosperousandhealthynation,whichcomplementstheNHS’sgoalsofUHCandinfrastructuredevelopment.

ZIMBABWE11

ENHANCINGHEALTHCAREDELIVERYIN

12ELECTRIFICATIONWITHRENEWABLES

2.3HEALTHCAREINFRASTRUCTUREINZIMBABWE

Healthservicedeliveryacrossre