備戰(zhàn)2022年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)突破技能2詞義猜測(cè)題解題指導(dǎo)素養(yǎng)提升題型特點(diǎn)詞義猜測(cè)題是歷年高考必考題型。常見(jiàn)的考查形式有：①猜測(cè)某個(gè)詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的含義；②推斷某個(gè)常見(jiàn)的多義詞或短語(yǔ)在具體語(yǔ)境下的意思；③判斷文中的某個(gè)代詞指代的對(duì)象；④解釋英語(yǔ)中特定的表達(dá)（諺語(yǔ)、俚語(yǔ)等）。正確選項(xiàng)特征相應(yīng)詞語(yǔ)的同義詞語(yǔ)。2.對(duì)相應(yīng)語(yǔ)句、語(yǔ)塊的解釋、復(fù)述或概括。干擾選項(xiàng)特征對(duì)原相應(yīng)表達(dá)方式的不正確改寫(xiě)。半對(duì)半錯(cuò)。曲解原意。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有：Which

of

the

following

has

the

closest

meaning

to“…."?Which

of

the

following

can

replace

the

word“…."?What

does

the

underlined

word/phrase/expression“.…”refer

to/mean?Who

does“."refer

to

in

the

text?典例剖析規(guī)律技巧1：根據(jù)上下文邏輯猜測(cè)。要特別注意需猜測(cè)詞義的詞句前后出現(xiàn)的表示因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或遞進(jìn)等邏輯關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)。[真題典例1](2021·新高考IC篇節(jié)選)When

theexplorers

first

set

foot

upon

the

continent

of

NorthAmerica,the

skies

and

lands

were

alive

withanastonishing

variety

of

wildlife.Native

Americans

hadtaken

care

of

these

precious

natural

resources

wisely.Unfortunately,it

took

the

explorers

and

the

settlers

whofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheeverincreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(棲息地).29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate"meaninthefirstparagraph選項(xiàng)出處A.Acquire.原文未提B.Export.原文未提C.Destroy.一段②③句D.Distribute.原文未提[路徑一]從問(wèn)（題干）的角度解答—一如何得出正解第1步：題干的關(guān)鍵信息為decimate和thefirstparagraph。根據(jù)理解原文的三大方法，我們回到原文一段③句。該句提到，不幸的是，探險(xiǎn)者和隨后而來(lái)的殖民者僅用了幾十年時(shí)間，就將這些資源中的一大部分decimate.。由本句尚無(wú)法得知decimate一詞的意思，但由句首的Unfortunately(不幸的是)一詞可知，本句與上句之間應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故需聯(lián)系上文。第2步：一段②句指出，美洲原住民妥善地保護(hù)著這些珍貴的自然資源。由于③句與②句應(yīng)形成轉(zhuǎn)折，因此，③句中的decimate的釋義應(yīng)與②句中的hadtakencareof(保護(hù))的釋義相反。備選項(xiàng)中Destroy(破壞)代人后符合語(yǔ)意，且能夠與②句中的hadtakencareof形成對(duì)照。C項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文的合理推斷，同時(shí)可排除A、B、D三項(xiàng)。第3步：已由第2步得出正確答案，因此，第3步省略。規(guī)律技巧2：根據(jù)上下文線索，如打比方、舉例子、作比較、下定義等猜測(cè)。[真題典例2](2021·3月天津C篇節(jié)選)Thepoignancy(酸楚)ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhimleavingbehindthelayerthatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.43.Theunderlinedpart“l(fā)eavingbehindthelayer"inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas____.選項(xiàng)出處A.lettinggoofthepast八段末句B.lookingforanewjob八段⑥句C.gettingridofabadhabit原文未提D.givingupanopportunity原文未提[路徑一]從問(wèn)（題干）的角度解答——如何得出正解第1步：題干的關(guān)鍵信息為leavingbehindthelayer和Paragraph8。根據(jù)理解原文的三大方法，我們可以定位到第八段第2句。該句提到，當(dāng)作者看著喬丹脫下籃球服，換上棒球服時(shí)，看到他離開(kāi)了不再為他服務(wù)的那層(球衣)，就像我們的蜥蜴一樣。據(jù)此可初步得知作者用蜥蜴蛻皮來(lái)比喻喬丹退役，但還無(wú)法完全確認(rèn)答案。第2步：瀏覽上下文，尤其是首尾句可知此處應(yīng)是作者看到喬丹放下過(guò)去，A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。第3步：已由第2步得出正確答案，因此，第3步省略。規(guī)律技巧3：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷代詞(this,that,it,they,one,which等)或助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did等)的指代對(duì)象。仔細(xì)分析指代詞上下文（就近原則），找最近的名詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，以之替換該指代詞，看其意思、邏輯是否通順，再比對(duì)選項(xiàng)確定最佳答案。[真題典例3](2020·新高考IC篇節(jié)選)Inthemid1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24yearoldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that"inparagraph2referto選項(xiàng)出處Developingaseriousmentaldisease.一段②句TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.原文未提WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.一段①句WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.一段③句[路徑一]從問(wèn)（題干）的角度解答—一如何得出正解第1步：題干的關(guān)鍵信息為that和Paragraph2。根據(jù)理解原文的三大方法，我們可以定位到第2段。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句無(wú)法得知that的指代對(duì)象。第2步：根據(jù)就近原則，that通常指代上文的事物或現(xiàn)象。瀏覽上文，根據(jù)第一段③句可知，出于對(duì)烏茲別克斯坦這個(gè)國(guó)家的興趣，他回到了這里，目的是寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于咸海是如何消失的文章。所以畫(huà)線詞that指代上文中提到的“寫(xiě)文章”這件事，故選D項(xiàng)。第3步：已由第2步得出正確答案，因此，第3步省略。[路徑二]從答（選項(xiàng)）的角度解答—如何反向印證，排除干擾項(xiàng)A答案：第l步：根據(jù)本項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞mentaldisease可定位到第一段②句：TomBissell因?yàn)樯眢w狀況令人堪憂和神志不清不得不離開(kāi)（烏茲別克斯坦）。第2步：畫(huà)線詞上下文提到：這一次的造訪可不只是……那A么簡(jiǎn)單，他做的其實(shí)更多。因?yàn)镃hasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia這本書(shū)講述的是他從塔什干到卡拉帕爾克斯坦的公路旅行……這與“發(fā)展成嚴(yán)重的精神疾病”邏輯不通，故排除。第3步：略B答案本項(xiàng)講述內(nèi)容無(wú)法在原文中獲取定位，且原文并未提及TomBissell在中亞做導(dǎo)游，故排除。C答案第1步：根據(jù)本項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞volunteer可定位到第一段①句：提到TomBissell作為志愿者在烏茲別克斯坦教英語(yǔ)。此時(shí)無(wú)法確定that是指代“做志愿者”。第2步：聯(lián)系下文，七個(gè)月后離開(kāi)了，出于對(duì)C這個(gè)國(guó)家的興趣，幾年后Tom回到了這里，打算寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于咸海是如何消失的文章，所以判斷此次造訪的收獲與“做志愿者”相去甚遠(yuǎn)，故排除。第3步：略D答案第1步：根據(jù)本項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞writeanarticle可定位到第一段③句：提到Tom第二次來(lái)到烏茲別克斯坦的目的是要寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于咸海是如何消失的文章。第2、3步：聯(lián)系下文以及本文主旨可知，實(shí)際上Tom回到烏茲別克斯坦遠(yuǎn)不止寫(xiě)一篇文章，他寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)敘述其在該國(guó)旅行中的見(jiàn)聞，并對(duì)這本書(shū)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要介紹，所以畫(huà)線詞that指代上文提到的“寫(xiě)文章”，故選D項(xiàng)限時(shí)訓(xùn)練應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)Passage1（2021·全國(guó)·高考真題）IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemroundtheclockcareathome.I'vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarrivingbutallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.I'mnotsadaboutit.I'mhandsonwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.1．Whydidtheauthorbringthetigercubshome?A．Toensuretheirsurvival. B．Toobservetheirdifferences.C．Toteachthemlifeskills. D．Toletthemplaywithhiskids.2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A．Behavebadly. B．Losetheirway. C．Sleepsoundly. D．Misstheirmom.3．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofraisingthetigercubsathome?A．Boring. B．Tiring. C．Costly. D．Risky.4．WhydidtheauthordecidetosendSpotandStripebacktothezoo?A．Theyfrightenedthechildren. B．Theybecamedifficulttocontain.C．Theyannoyedtheneighbours. D．Theystartedfightingeachother.【答案】1．A2．A3．B4．B【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者為了保證兩只老虎幼崽的存活，決定在家里全天候照顧它們。介紹了老虎在作者家生活的情況以及作者照顧老虎的感受。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemroundtheclockcareathome.(在全球范圍內(nèi)，動(dòng)物園里三分之一的蘇門(mén)答臘老虎幼崽活不到成年，所以我決定在家里全天候照顧它們)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽帶回家是為了確保他們的存活。故選A。2．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文“Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'd”（隨著它們的活動(dòng)越來(lái)越多，我們白天讓它們?cè)诜孔永镒杂苫顒?dòng)，但當(dāng)我們睡覺(jué)時(shí)，我們必須把它們關(guān)在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們會(huì)）以及后文“We'dedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.”（我們?cè)缟舷聵菚r(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來(lái)像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們關(guān)在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們就會(huì)調(diào)皮搗蛋，表現(xiàn)不好。早上下樓時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來(lái)像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。故畫(huà)線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)不好”。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.(由于需要大量的精力來(lái)照顧它們，事情很快變得非常緊張。有一段艱難的日子，我只是覺(jué)得非常累)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為在家里養(yǎng)小老虎累人。故選B。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.(當(dāng)Spot和Stripe四個(gè)月大的時(shí)候，他們正在學(xué)習(xí)如何開(kāi)門(mén)和跳柵欄，我們知道是時(shí)候讓他們離開(kāi)了)”可知，作者決定把Spot和Stripe送回動(dòng)物園是因?yàn)樗麄冏兊秒y以控制。故選B。Passage2（2021·北京·高考真題）Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanonhumanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstilluncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(簽署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersoftheingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(執(zhí)著)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Scientific. B．Credible.C．Original. D．Relevant.6．Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.A．worried B．puzzledC．surprised D．scared7．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.B．Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C．Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.D．Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.【答案】5．D6．A7．B【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的概念。數(shù)百名科學(xué)家、作家和學(xué)者在去年12月發(fā)表的一封公開(kāi)信中向全人類發(fā)出了警告：政策制定者和我們每個(gè)人必須直面“全球崩塌”的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文章具體闡釋了學(xué)者們對(duì)這一概念的定義、理解和它的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。5．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)該詞所在的具體語(yǔ)境，第三段第一句“Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstilluncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.”（呼吁公眾對(duì)世界不確定性的關(guān)注，尤其與此時(shí)此刻的情況密切相關(guān)：此時(shí)此刻，在世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的國(guó)家，仍處于無(wú)法控制流行病和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的泥潭中），下文也提到，一場(chǎng)病毒肆虐，一個(gè)國(guó)家社會(huì)停止了運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，大流行無(wú)法控制，經(jīng)濟(jì)下行，這樣的事情在不久之前都是無(wú)法想象，不可思議（unthinkable）的，即世界充滿了不確定性。而此時(shí)此刻呼吁人們對(duì)這種unthinkable加以關(guān)注，正是和此時(shí)此刻的世界實(shí)況密切相關(guān)。A.Scientific科學(xué)的；B.Credible可信的，可靠的；C.Original原來(lái)的，原創(chuàng)的；D.Relevant相關(guān)的，有重大關(guān)系的。根據(jù)上面的分析，僅有D符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。6．推理判斷題。本題要求判斷作者的情感態(tài)度，根據(jù)原文第五段“yetmessengersoftheingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.”（然而未來(lái)崩潰的先行信號(hào)很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來(lái)會(huì)變好）和倒數(shù)最后一段的呼吁，例如“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”（他們說(shuō)，“讓我們直面全球崩塌的議題，真正去解決我們看到的可能的糟糕情況，以便使未來(lái)沒(méi)那么糟。”）可知，作者認(rèn)為公眾對(duì)“全球崩塌”的重視意識(shí)不夠，比較擔(dān)心，A.worried擔(dān)憂的；B.puzzled困惑的，茫然的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.scared害怕的，綜合以上的分析，可見(jiàn)作者對(duì)此是“擔(dān)憂的”，故選A。7．推理判斷題。原文詩(shī)歌“Manisavictimofdope;Intheincurableformofhope.”（人類是麻醉品的受害者；沉迷于無(wú)可救藥的幻想中）表達(dá)的是，人類無(wú)視未來(lái)全球崩塌的巨大危險(xiǎn)，把頭埋進(jìn)沙子里，假裝不知道，充滿不切實(shí)際的幻想和希望。而詩(shī)歌前面的段落就提到“yetmessengersoftheingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.”（然而未來(lái)崩潰的先行信號(hào)很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來(lái)會(huì)變好），結(jié)合上下文，這里指的是人們都幻想著未來(lái)就會(huì)變好。詩(shī)歌之后的最后一段則提到執(zhí)著于“quietinghopethatignorespreparedness.”（掐滅不做準(zhǔn)備的空有幻想），接著又借學(xué)者之口，提到“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”（他們說(shuō)，“讓我們直面全球崩塌的議題，真正去解決我們看到的可能的糟糕情況，以便使未來(lái)沒(méi)那么糟?！保┛梢?jiàn)，上下文一脈相承，表達(dá)相同的一方觀點(diǎn)，未對(duì)另一方的觀點(diǎn)有任何呈現(xiàn)，理解文章后可知，作者有明顯的態(tài)度傾向，作者對(duì)于這首詩(shī)表達(dá)的信息是贊同的，故選B。Passage3（2021·全國(guó)·高考真題）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheeverincreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(遷徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstoe.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.8．WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A．Lossofwetlands. B．Popularityofwatersports.C．Pollutionofrivers. D．Arrivalofotherwildanimals.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Acquire. B．Export.C．Destroy. D．Distribute.10．WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A．Thestamppricehasgonedown. B．Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C．Thehuntershavestoppedhunting. D．Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.11．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheFederalDuckStampStory B．TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC．TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowl D．TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting【答案】8．A9．C10．D11．A【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文講述了美國(guó)鴨票的故事，由于美國(guó)移民的大量流入，對(duì)于農(nóng)地和住房的急需大量的水禽棲息地被破壞導(dǎo)致美國(guó)水禽驟減，因此美國(guó)發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購(gòu)買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進(jìn)入到了用于購(gòu)買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護(hù)了水禽。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheeverincreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.”可知，上百萬(wàn)公頃的濕地被抽干用作農(nóng)地或者修建住房，極大地減少了水禽的棲息地，故可知，棲息地的減少導(dǎo)致了水禽數(shù)量的下降，故選A。9．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前一句“NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.”可知，北美的土著人把這些珍貴的自然資源保護(hù)的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句與上一句形成了轉(zhuǎn)折，前一句陳述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句闡述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破壞了這些自然資源，故畫(huà)線詞意思是“破壞”。A.Acquire獲得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破壞；D.Distribute分配。故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.”可知，自1934年起，超過(guò)5億美元進(jìn)入到了這個(gè)基金會(huì)，購(gòu)買了超過(guò)500萬(wàn)公頃的水禽棲息地，故可以推出，通過(guò)發(fā)行鴨票，美國(guó)政府獲得了大量的資金，故選D。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，由于之前不恰當(dāng)?shù)陌l(fā)展導(dǎo)致美國(guó)水禽驟減，因此美國(guó)發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購(gòu)買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進(jìn)入到了用于購(gòu)買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護(hù)了水禽，故可知，本文講述美國(guó)鴨票的故事，故選A。Passage4（2021·福建泉州·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Peopletodayarenotunfamiliarwithtermsuchas"goingecofriendly"and"sustainablelifestyle".However,thereexistsagroupofsceptics（懷疑論者）whobelievethatgoingecofriendlyismerelyafad（一時(shí)的風(fēng)尚）.Idisagreewiththisviewpoint,Goingecofriendlyisnotmerelyafadanditdoes,infact,changethebeliefsandattitudesofpeople.Thelongtermpresenceofenvironmentalorganisationsshowstheeffortsthatpeoplehavemadetowardsgoingecofriendly.OrganisationssuchasWorldWildlifeFundadvocatepeopletogoecofriendly.Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthatgoingecofriendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades.Anotherstrongindicatoristheemergenceofsustainableproductsinmanyindustries,suchasorganicproduceandelectricvehicles.Theconsumerdemand,coupledwithecoconscious（環(huán)保意識(shí)的）businesses,isbehindthesharpincreaseinsuchproducts.Thisshowsashiftinthebeliefsandattitudesofpeopletowardsadoptingasustainablelifestyle.Thus,itseemsquitecertainthatgoingecofriendlyisnotmerelyafad.Whilesomepeoplewhobroadcasttheirecofriendlypracticesarecriticisedforjusthopingtoprojectanecoconsciousimage,thereareanumberofcelebritieswhohavebeenpractisingthezerowastelifestyleforyears.Forthosewhodosoforyears,andnotmeredaysormonths,itisindeedamitmentthatcanonlyewithatruechangeinbeliefsandattitudestowardscaringfortheearth.Thecalltosavetheearthlookssettostay.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandtheappearanceofmanyplatformsadvocatinggoinggreen,peoplearemorewillingtochangetheirbeliefsandattitudeswhentheycanlearnaboutandappreciatethepositiveimpactoftheworkofdifferentenvironmentalorganisationsandindividuals.Itishopedthattheseeffectswillgoalongwayinensuringthatourplanetwillremainasuitableplacetolivein.12．WhydoestheauthormentionWorldWildlifeFund?A．Toappreciateitsenvironmentalefforts.B．Toencouragepeopletogoecofriendly.C．Toevidencetheuniversalrecognitionofgoinggreen.D．Tohighlightthedifficultyinchangingpeople'sattitudes.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"emergence"meaninparagraph3?A．Suddendisappearance. B．Sharpincrease.C．Gradualdevelopment. D．Limitedapplication.14．Whatdoestheauthorexpectoftechnologydevelopment?A．Itmaydiscouragepeoplefromsustainablelifestyle.B．Itmayboostthebusinessoforganicproduce.C．Itwillbeusedtoprojectanecoconsciousimage.D．Itwillpromoteenvironmentalawareness.15．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?A．Toprovegoingecofriendlyalastingtrend.B．Topopularizetheecofriendlyproducts.C．Toofferstrategiestogoecofriendly.D．Toadvertiseforecofriendlyplatforms.【答案】12．C13．B14．D15．A【分析】這是一篇議論文。今天的人們對(duì)“環(huán)保”和“可持續(xù)生活方式”等術(shù)語(yǔ)并不陌生。然而，也有一些懷疑論者認(rèn)為環(huán)保只是一種時(shí)尚。作者不同意這種觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為環(huán)保不僅僅是一種時(shí)尚，它確實(shí)改變了人們的信仰和態(tài)度。環(huán)保是一種持久的趨勢(shì)。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“OrganisationssuchasWorldWildlifeFundadvocatepeopletogoecofriendly.Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthatgoingecofriendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades.”（世界野生動(dòng)物基金會(huì)等組織倡導(dǎo)人們走環(huán)保之路。因此，組織和參與者的高度參與是一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的指標(biāo)，表明環(huán)保不僅是一種時(shí)尚，而且是一種可以持續(xù)幾十年的趨勢(shì)。）由此判斷出，作者提到世界野生動(dòng)物基金會(huì)是為了證明環(huán)保的普遍被認(rèn)可。故選C項(xiàng)。13．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“suchasorganicproduceandelectricvehicles.”（如有機(jī)產(chǎn)品和電動(dòng)汽車）根據(jù)“Theconsumerdemand,coupledwithecoconscious（環(huán)保意識(shí)的）businesses,isbehindthesharpincreaseinsuchproducts.”（消費(fèi)者需求，加上有環(huán)保意識(shí)的企業(yè)，是這類產(chǎn)品急劇增加的背后原因。）由此判斷出，另一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的指標(biāo)是許多行業(yè)急劇增加了可持續(xù)產(chǎn)品。由此判斷出劃線詞的意思是“急劇增加”。故選B項(xiàng)。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandtheappearanceofmanyplatformsadvocatinggoinggreen,peoplearemorewillingtochangetheirbeliefsandattitudeswhentheycanlearnaboutandappreciatethepositiveimpactoftheworkofdifferentenvironmentalorganisationsandindividuals.”（隨著科技的發(fā)展，以及多個(gè)提倡環(huán)保的平臺(tái)的出現(xiàn)，市民在認(rèn)識(shí)和欣賞不同環(huán)保機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人的工作所帶來(lái)的正面影響時(shí)，更愿意改變自己的信念和態(tài)度。）由此判斷出，作者對(duì)技術(shù)發(fā)展的期望是它會(huì)促進(jìn)環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)。15．推理判斷題。通讀全文尤其是根據(jù)第一段“Idisagreewiththisviewpoint,Goingecofriendlyisnotmerelyafadanditdoes,infact,changethebeliefsandattitudesofpeople.”（我不同意這種觀點(diǎn)，環(huán)保不僅僅是一種時(shí)尚，它確實(shí)改變了人們的信仰和態(tài)度。）根據(jù)第二段“Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthatgoingecofriendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades”（因此，組織和參與者的高度參與是一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的指標(biāo)，表明環(huán)保不僅是一種時(shí)尚，而且是一種可以持續(xù)幾十年的趨勢(shì)。）以及下文從不同的角度證明了環(huán)保是一種持久的趨勢(shì)。由此判斷出，作者寫(xiě)此短文的目的是證明環(huán)保是一種持久的趨勢(shì)。故選A項(xiàng)。Passage5（2021·山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Everyyeararoundtheworldsome2.2millionbooksarepublished.FormostoftheseauthorsthewritingprocesshasrelativelybeenunchangedsinceMarkTwain’sdayinthelate19thcentury.Plotoutlinesandideasarewrittendowntobedeciphered(解讀),developedandrefinedovertime.Thesedays,however,technologyisincreasinglymakingthelifeofanauthoralittleeasier.ForMichaelGreen,anovelist,theneedtousetechnologytosimplifyandstreamlinethewritingprocesscamewhenhewasinthemiddleofwritinghisfirstbook.“IhadallthesedocumentsonthedeeperaspectsoftheworldIwascreating.Iwasworriedaboutbeingabletokeeptrackofitall.That’swhenIswitchedintomymoredatasciencemindedapproachtosolvingaplexproblemwithalotofdifferentpieces.”TheendresultwasthatMr.GreencreatedLynit,adigitalplatformthathelpsauthorsvisualize,planandweave(編織)togetherthevariouselements—suchascharacters,plots,themesandkeyevents.Mr.Greensaysthatmanynovelistsbegintheirworkwithmerelyageneralideaofaplotoraparticularcharacter.WithLynithesaysthattheprocessofaddingtothisinitialideaissimplified.Experts,however,stillcautionagainstbeingoverdependentontechnologiesaimedathelpingwriters.“Technologycanalsobedistracting(令人分心的),particularlyifyou’reonestepawayfromsocialmedia,orjumpingdownaresearchhole,”saysMelissaHaveman,awriterandauthorcoach.“Aquickfiveminutescansometimesleadtohoursoflostwritingtime.Authorscansometimesfallintothetrapoftryingeverythinginthehopethatitwillbethemagicpiece,whichreallyjustturnsintoanotherdistraction.”YetMichaelGreensayshebelievestechnologywillbeeevenmoreoutstandingasanewgenerationofwritersbeesmoreoutstanding.“WhatI'mfindingwiththeGenerationZandevenyoungerwritersisthatthey’relookingfortechnologytogivethemguidance,”hesays,“Theyseeitasatooltolearnandgrowwith,ratherthanextrawork.”16．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“refined”inthefirstparagraphmean?A．Improved. B．Concluded.C．Formatted. D．Exchanged.17．WhatinspiredMichae