九年級下U3Theenvironment（B卷·能力提升）【牛津（廣州，深圳，沈陽）版】學校：__________班級：__________姓名：_________考號：___________溫馨提示：本試卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷兩部分，第Ⅰ卷為選擇題；第Ⅱ卷為非選擇題；滿分為100分，考試時間為100分鐘。第Ⅰ卷選擇題語法選擇(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)ManypeopleknowthatrubbishisabigproblemonplanetEarth.Whatmanypeopledon'tknowisthatjunk(垃圾)hasbecome____1____probleminouterspacetoo.AccordingtoBBCNews,therearemorethan22,000piecesofspacejunk_____2____aroundtheearth.Andthesearejustthethings_____3_____wecanseefromthesurfaceoftheearthbytelescopes(望遠鏡).Thereare_____4_____smallerpiecesofjunkthatwecan'tsee.Objects,likebitsofoldspacerocketsorsatellites,movearoundtheplanet_____5____veryhighspeed,sofastthatevenaverysmallpiece____6___breakimportantsatellites_____7_____becomedangeroustoastronauts._____8_____thetiniestpieceofjunkcrashedintoaspaceship,itcoulddamagethevehicle.Tomakethingsworse,whentwoobjectsinspacecrash,theybreakintomanysmallerpieces.Forexample,whenaU.S.satellitehitanoldRussianrocketin2009,it_____9_____intomorethan2,000pieces,increasingtheamountofspacejunk.____10_____additionalspacejunk,countrieshaveagreedthatallnewspacetoolscanonlystayinspacefor25yearsatmost.Eachtoolmust______11_____tofallsafelyintotheearth'satmosphereafterthattime.Intheupperpartsoftheatmosphere,itwillburnup.Manyscientistsarealsosuggestingdifferentwaystocleanupspacejunk.InEnglandscientistsaretestingametalnetthatcanbefiredintospacejunk.Thenetcatchesthejunkandthenpullsitintotheearth'satmospheretoburnup.The_____12_____arebuildingrobotsthatcancollectpiecesofspacejunkandbringthembacktoEarthtobe_____13_____destroyed.“Theproblemisbecomingmorechallengingbecausewe'resendingmoreobjectsintospacetohelppeopleuse____14_____mobilephonesandcomputers,”saysMarcoCastronuovo,anItalianspaceresearcher.“Thetimetoactisnow.Thelongerweleavetheproblem,____15_____itwillbecome,”hesays.1.A.a B.an C.the D./2.A.float B.floated C.floating D.floats3.A.what B.that C.who D.whom4.A.too B.either C.neither D.also5.A.in B.at C.for D.with6.A.must B.should C.can D.may7.A.and B.or C.so D.then8.A.When B.Unless C.Although D.If9.A.break B.broke C.broken D.breaks10.A.Toreduce B.reducing C.reduced D.reduce11.A.built B.bebuilt C.bebuild D.bebuilding12.A.Germany B.Germans C.Germen D.German13.A.safe B.safety C.safely D.moresafely14.A.their B.them C.they D.theirs15.A.biggest B.bigger C.thebigger D.thebiggest二、完形填空閱讀短文，掌握大意，選出最佳選項。（共10小題，每小題1分,共10分）

Eachoneofussharesthisplanetwithsevenbillionothers.Andweallneed16.Peopleandproductsneedtomovefromcitytocityandcountrytocountry.However,weallknowthatmostcars,motorcycles,boatsandplanescauseairpollution.Theyarealso17.Thisisaseriousprobleminmanycities.Soinventorsarecomingupwithcreativeideastotrytoreducethepollutionandnoise.

Inmanycitiesaroundtheworld,motorcyclesarevery18.NowVietnamhasmanymotorcycles.Motorcyclesareafasterandcheaperwaytogetaroundacitythan19.Yetairpollutionisagrowingproblem.Inlargecities,people20itisdifficulttobreathe.Tosolvetheseproblems,aUScompanydesignedanenvironmentallyfriendlymotorcycle.Ituseselectricityasfuel(燃料).Asaresult,thereisnopollution.It'salsoquietandfast.Thismakesitagoodchoiceforgettingaroundacity.

Veniceisacitywithonlyafew21.Therearenocarsinthecitycenter.22cars,watertaxisandbusescarrypeoplealongthecity'scanals(運河).However,theycausepollution,23forthewater.EnglishengineersDickandJemdesignedasolar-powered(太陽能的)watertaxi.Thewatertaxicanrunforadayafterbeingcharged(充電).

Planesalsocauseairandnoisepollution.Designinganenvironmentallyfriendlyairplaneisareal24.Someairplanecompanieshave25tosolvetheproblems.Swissengineershavegoneonestepfurther.Theydevelopedasolarairplane.Thisplaneholdstheworldrecordforthelongestsolar-poweredflight—1,541kilometersfromArizonatoTexasinAmerica.16.A.air B.food C.transportation D.communication17.A.noisy B.dirty C.fast D.expensive18.A.popular B.valuable C.dangerous D.safe19.A.bikes B.subways C.buses D.cars20.A.explain B.complain C.doubt D.promise21.A.rivers B.roads C.tourists D.people22.A.Insteadof B.Thanksto C.Becauseof D.Asfor23.A.probably B.only C.especially D.hardly24.A.question B.job C.decision D.challenge25.A.disagreed B.refused C.started D.remembered三、閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATerribleweathereventsareharmingtheplanet,andexpertswarnofevengreaterresultstocome.TheseaicelossandtheArcticicemelting(融化)causedbyclimatechangehaveincreasedmuchinthelasttenyears.Sotheyhavepusheddownthenumberofpolarbearsandsealswhilepolarbearsdependonseaiceforhuntingseals.AccordingtothedatafromtheWMO,temperaturesontheAntarctica(南極洲)justhit18.3℃,whichishigherthantherecordof17.5℃inMarch,2015.Moreover,temperaturesinthisareahavewarmedabout3℃overthelast50years.Althoughsuchtemperaturesmightbeconsideredpleasantforapicnicorahikingtrip,thisistheAntarcticawearetalkingabout.Itishometothemostinhospitableenvironmentontheplanetbecauseitissupposedtobeanextremelycoldplace.Infact,theaveragetemperatureofthecontinent'scentralareais-57℃.Besides,manyplacesareexperiencingtheextremeweatherthissummer.Australiaisundergoingitsworstdrought(干旱)sincethe1930s,leavingbushfiresburningsolongandcausingmanydeaths.MeanwhileinEurope,cropsinthenorthwestaresufferingthedriestweatherinthepast80years.RecentlyWestTexasinAmericahasalsogonethroughitsworstdroughtinmorethan70years,whilefloodshavehitEasternandSouthernChina.“Climatechangeisbadforushumanbeings,whichcausesdirecthealthproblems.I'mafraidtherewillbemorecommoneventsliketheonethat30,000to50,000personsdiedinEuropein2003duetotheheatwavethere,”ProfessorSchwartzsaid.“Itwillalsocausemoreairpollution,diseasesandlackofcleanwaterandsoon.”26.Whatdoesn'tbringdownthenumberofpolarbearsaccordingtothispassage?A.Hunting.B.Climatechange.C.Theseaiceloss.D.TheArcticicemelting.27.Whatcanyougetoutofthispassage?A.TheAntarcticaispleasantforahikingtrip.B.ExtremeweatherledtowildfiresburninginEurope.C.Climatechangewillcauseairpollutionanddiseases.D.ThetemperaturesontheAntarcticahitthehighestinMarch,2015.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inhospitable”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Comfortabletolive.B.Friendlytolive.C.Unhealthytolive.D.Unfittolive.29.Whichplacedidn'texperiencedroughtthisyear?A.Europe. B.Australia.C.America. D.China.30.Whatisthemainideaforthispassage?A.Thewholeplanetisdrieranddrier.B.TheAntarcticaiswarmerandwarmer.C.Climatechangeisgettingworseandworse.D.Thenumberofpolarbearsissmallerandsmaller.BAllplantsandanimalsareconnectedanddependupononeanother.Theseconnectionscreateawebofdifferenttypesoflifethatareabletoprotectthemselvesfromdamage(損壞).However,populationgrowthandclimate(氣候)changeareleadingtolessbiodiversity(生態(tài)多樣性)andputtinghumansindanger.Sowhatcanwedotohelpprotectbiodiversityandourenvironment?*Beaninformedconsumer(有見識的用戶)Avoidbuyingfromcompaniesthatdodamage(破壞)totheenvironment.Remember,companieswillsellwhatpeoplewanttobuy,sotellcompaniesthatyouwantproductsthatdonothurtourplanet.*Followthe“ThreeRs”Thelessgarbage(垃圾)youthrowaway,thelesslikelyitisthatnaturalhabitats(棲息地)willbeusedforlandfills(垃圾填埋).Trytofollowthe“ThreeRs”toproduceaslittlewasteaspossible.Reduce(減少):Don’tbuyproductsyoudon’tneed.Whenyoudobuythings,trytomakechoicesthatleadtoasmalleramount(量)ofgarbage.Forexample,buythingswithalittlebitofpackaging(包裝)ornoneatall.Reuse:Throwfewergoods(貨物)awaybyusingthingsmorethanonce.Oneeasyexampleistakingareusablebagtothegrocery(雜貨)store.Recycle:Whenyoudohavetothrowsomethingaway,recycleitsoitcanbemadeintosomethingusefulagain.*________________________Fossilfuels(化石燃料)arebadfortheenvironment.Theclimatechangetheycausealsoleadstohabitatloss(喪失)forendangeredanimals.Soreducingcarbonemissions(碳排放)isoneeffective(有效的)waytoprotectbiodiversity.Youcouldstartbyusinglessenergy:Walkorrideyourbikeinsteadofdriving,andthinkaboutgreenenergylikesolarpower(太陽能).31.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthesearecausingproblemsfortheenvironment?A．Creatingmoreproducts. B．Turninglandintonaturalhabitats.C．Populationgrowthandclimatechange. D．Theformingofawebofdifferentlivingthings.32．Whichofthefollowingshouldweavoiddoingaccordingtothe“ThreeRs”?A．Buyingproductsyouneed. B．Buyingover-packagedproducts.C．Recyclingwhatyoudon’tneed. D．Usingbagsthatyoucanusemorethanonce.33．Whichofthefollowingshouldgointheblank?A．Protectendangeredanimals. B．Lookforbetterfossilfuels.C．Stopclimatechange. D．Reduceyourcarbonemissions.34．Youmayreadthepassagein________.A．a(chǎn)novel B．a(chǎn)traveldiary C．a(chǎn)guidebook D．a(chǎn)sciencemagazine35．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Toshowusthingswecandotoprotecttheenvironment.B．Toremindusaboutenvironmentalproblems.C．Toteachushowtoachievebiodiversity.D．Toshowtheimportanceofdevelopinggreenenergy.CIn1845,adeadlydiseasestruckIreland,killingalltheLumperpotatoplants.Inanotherplaceortime,thedeathofsinglecropspecies(物種)mightnothavebeensoimportant.ButinIreland,in1845,peopledependedalmostsolelyonthepotatoforfood.Thedeathofonespeciescausedaterriblefamine(饑荒).Now,somescientistsareworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain,butonamuchwiderarea.Overthecenturies,farmershavediscoveredthousandsofdifferentspeciesoffoodcrops.However,youwon'tfindmanyofthesespeciesinyourlocalsupermarket.TofeedthesevenbillionpeopleonEarth,mostfarmerstodayaregrowingonlyspeciesofplantsandfarmingonlyspeciesofanimalsthatareeasytoproduceinlargenumbers.InthePhilippines,therewereoncethousandsofvarietiesofrice:nowfewerthan100aregrownthere.InChina,90%ofthewheatvarietiesgrownjustacenturyagohavedisappeared.Scientistsbelievethatoverthepastcentury,morethanhalfoftheworld'sfoodvarietiesdisappeared.Onesolutiontothisproblemistocollectandstoretheseedsasmanydifferentplantvarietiesaswecanbeforetheydisappear.TheideawasfirstsuggestedbyRussianscientistNikolayVavilov.Inthe1920sand1930s,hecollectedaround400,000seedsfromfivecontinents.Morerecently,othersarecontinuingtheworkhebegan.IntheUSstateofIowa,DianeOttWhealywantedtoprotecthistoricplantvarieties,liketheseedshergreat–grandfatherbroughttotheUSfromGermanymorethanahundredyearsago.SheandherhusbandstartedaplacecalledHeritageFarm,wherepeoplecanstoreandtradeseeds.Moreimportantly,thepeopleatHeritageFarmdon'tjuststoretheseeds,theyplantthem.Bydoingthis,theyarereintroducingfoodsintothemarketplacethathaven'tbeengrownforyears.Thesefoodspeciesarenotjustspecialintermsofappearanceortaste.Theyalsoofferfarmersfoodsolutionsforthefuture,fromthepast.36.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.Thefactthatmanyfoodspeciesaredyingout.B.Theneedtoprotectpotatoesfromdisappearing.C.Thewaystoincreasethenumberoffoodspecies.D.Thewaystopreventfoodspeciesfromdisappearing.37.Theunderlinedword"solely"inParagraph1isinclosestmeaningto________.A.usually B.only C.rarely D.occasionally38.Whyaresomescientistsworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain?A.Becausepeopledependoncertainspeciesoffoodcrops.B.Becausethesamedeadlydiseasemayattackcropsagain.C.Becausetheworld'spopulationislargerthanthatin1845.D.Becausefarmersgrowthesamepotatoesasthoseinthepast.39.NikolayVavilovwasthefirstpersonwho________.A.storedandplantedseeds B.realizedtheseriousproblemC.suggestedcollectingplantseeds D.worriedafaminecouldhappenagain40.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.ThediseasespreadveryquicklyandkilledthousandsofpeopleinIreland.B.Around80percentofthericevarietiesinthePhilippineshavedisappeared.C.HeritageFarmisthefirstplaceintheUSforpeopletostoreandtradeseeds.D.Peoplehavebeenstoringseedstosaveplantvarietiesformorethan150years.DWehavefoundplasticintheoceanandinanimalslikebirds,fishandwhales.Butforthefirsttime,scientistshavefoundplasticinhumanpoop(糞便),USATodayreported.ThefindingcamefromastudyledbyscientistsfromEnvironmentAgencyinAustria.Theresearchersfollowedeighthealthyvolunteersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Thevolunteerswrotedownwhattheyateforaweekandthenprovidedapoopsamplefortesting.Scientistsfoundninedifferenttypesofplasticinthesamples,accordingtothestudy.Anaverageof20smallplasticparticles(顆粒)werefoundinevery10gramsofpoop.Theparticlesmeasuredbetween50to500micrometers."Thesmallestplasticparticlesareabletoenterthebloodstream,thelymphaticsystem(淋巴系統(tǒng)),andmayevenreachtheliver(肝臟),"PhilippSchwabl,whotookpartintheresearch,saidtotheGuardian.However,thescientistsaren'tsureifthisplasticisharmfultohumans.They'renotsurehowtheplasticgotinthevolunteers'bodies,either.Butmostofthevolunteerssaidtheydrankfromplasticbottlesandalsoateseafoodthatcouldincludeplasticfromoceanpollution.Infact,plasticiseverywherearoundus.Everyyear,anaverageof8milliontonsofplasticwastegoesintotheoceans,accordingtoNationalGeographic.There,sunlightandwavesbreaktheplasticitemsdowntothesizeofgrainsofrice.Mostoftheparticlesstayintheocean.Otherscanspreadintothesoilandair.Couldplasticintheairfallontofoodandgetintothehumanbody?Previousstudiesmayalsogiveusaclue.AccordingtoUSAToday,90percentofseasaltsoldgloballycontainsplastic.Andevensometapwaterhasbeenfoundtohavetinyplasticparticlesinit.41.AccordingtoUSAToday,whatwasrecentlydiscovered?A.Plasticpollutionisworsethanever. B.SeaSaltisnotsafetoeatanymore.C.Plastichasbeenfoundinhumanpoop. D.Animalslikebirdsorfishmayeatplastic.42.WhatdoweknowaboutthestudyfromEnvironmentAgency?A.Thevolunteerskeptarecordofwhattheyateforaweek.B.Itprovedthatoceanpollutionhasbecomeratherserious.C.ScientistsfromtheUSAfollowedeighthealthyvolunteers.D.Nineplasticparticleswerefoundinthevolunteers’poopsamples.43.Paragraph4iswrittentotellusthat______________.A.plasticcanharmthelymphaticsystem. B.plasticparticlescanbeafewdifferentsizes.C.plasticparticlescanexistineveryone’sbody. D.plasticparticlescanreachmanypartsofourbodies.44.Whatcanweinferfromthestory?A.Plasticdoesnoharmtoourbodies.B.Peopleshouldstopdrinkingtapwater.C.Itcanbehardtoavoidplasticinfoodanddrinks.D.Thebestwaytodealwithplasticwasteistoburnit.45.What’sthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toaskpeopletoeathealthyfood.B.Toaskpeopletoreduceusingplastic.C.Toaskpeoplenottothrowplasticbagsintothesea.D.Toaskpeopletokeeptheanimalsawayfromplastic.第二節(jié)閱讀填空（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，將下面A---E五個句子分別填入文中空缺處，使得補全后的短文意思通順，結(jié)構(gòu)完整。Moreyoutharesaying'no'tomeat,'yes'toveggiesStickingtoavegandietmightsounddifficult.Butinrecentyears,veganism(素食主義)hasbecomeamorepopularlifestyleinmanyplaces.___46___IntheUK,about542,000peopleturnedveganduringthelastdecade.Sowhyexactlyhasveganismbecomesopopular?___47___Theheatusedtokeepbarns(畜棚)warm,themachinesthatprocessmeatandeventheanimals'farts(屁)canresultinmoregreenhousegases.Thesefactorsarebelievedtoaccountfor18percentoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissions,accordingtoa2013studybytheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization.___48___Agrowingnumberofpeoplearealsodecidingthatit'swrongtokillanimalsforfood,accordingtoBBCNews.believeswhethertoJessMurray,22,isastudentfromLondon.Hesaidthathumansdonotneedtoeatanimalstosurvive.Hebelievewhethertoeatanimalsornotisanethical(道德的)choiceandhasthereforechosentobecomevegan.___49___Veganfamouspeopleareabletousesocialmediatospreadtheirmessageandsharetipsaboutlivingaveganlifestyle.Butexpertsalsowanttoremindpeoplethatmeatisimportantforourhealth.Astrictvegandietcannotalwaysofferthemineralsandvitaminsthatahumanbodyneeds,dependingonone'sdietarychoices.___50___.A.Soyoumaywanttothinkitthroughbeforeyoudecidetobecomeavegan.B.Thisamountisevengreaterthanthatofalltheworld'scars,trainsandplanestogether.C.AccordingtoHuffPost,morethan3millionpeopleintheUSarevegans,D.Socialmediaisalsobelievedtobebehindtheincreaseinveganism,accordingtoBBCNew.E.Onereasoncouldbethatpeoplewanttoreducegreenhousegasemissions(排放)四、寫作（共四節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)單詞拼寫（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分））WithouttheEarthwehavenowheretolive.Ifwedon’tsavetheEarthnowmaybeourchildrenorgrandchildrenmightnotbeabletoseeitforlong.OurEarthis(1)u_____andwehavetodosomethingtomakeitfitagain.Wecouldplantmoretreesto(2)c_____moreoxygentokeepthebadairawayfromtheatmosphere,orwecouldjuststopcuttingdowntherainforest.Therearemoreandmorehumansandweneedmore(3)s_____,butwearen’ttheonlyspeciesonEarth.Savingtherainforestisnotonlygoodforusandtheatmospherebutalsogoodforthemanydifferentspecies.Wecouldtrytogetasmanypeopleaspossibletouseenergy-savingproducts