Unit5DiscoveringUsefulStructure143LearningObjectives（學習目標）Attheendofclass,youwillbeableto:1.Understandtheformsandmeanings(形式和意義)ofrestrictiverelativeclauses(限定性定語從句)startingwith“when,where,whyandprep+which”.2.Userestrictiverelativeclausescorrectlyandproperlyincontexts(語境中).3.WriteashortdescriptionofaChinesestudent'sexperiencesoflearningEnglishExplore：ObserveandfindThebasicformofRRC:Noun/Pronoun+[linkingword+otherelements]RRCwhen,where,why,prep+which......theuseoflonggu—animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.(Para.2,L2-4)Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingto...(Para.3,L3-7)EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.(Para.4,L1-2)Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.(Para.1,L2-3)Explore：ObserveandthinkA.Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.B.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.C.Therearemanyreasonswhy

thishasbeenpossible.D.ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Whatdo“when”,“where”,“why”and“onwhich”refertoineachsentence?A.Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.B.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.C.Therearemanyreasonswhy

thishasbeenpossible.D.ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Tip1:Relativeadverbs(關系副詞)關系副詞先行詞在從句中做的成分與“介詞+which”的關系whereplace地點狀語=inwhich/atwhichwhentime時間狀語=onwhich/duringwhichWhyreason原因狀語=forwhichExplore：ObserveandcompareA.Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.B.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.C.Therearemanyreasonswhy

thishasbeenpossible.D.ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Whydoestheauthorchoosetouserestrictiverelativeclausesinsteadofsimplesentences?Explore：ObserveandcompareA1.Itwasatime

whenpeopleweredividedgeographically.A2.Itwasatime.Atthattime,peopleweredividedgeographically.B1.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry

wheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.B2.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry.Inthiscountry,theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.restrictiverelativeclausetwosimplesentencesrestrictiverelativeclausetwosimplesentencesC1.Therearemanyreasons

why

thishasbeenpossible.C2.Therearemanyreasons.Forthesereasons,thishasbeenpossible.D1.Thesewereanimalbonesandshells

onwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.D2.Thesewereanimalbonesandshells.

Ontheseanimalsbonesandshells,symbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.restrictiverelativeclausetwosimplesentencesrestrictiverelativeclausetwosimplesentencesRestrictiverelativeclausesareusefulwhenyouneedto:

addnewinformationtodefine（定義）ordescribe（描述）

thingsingreaterdetail;connectinformationwithoutrepeatingwords.Practice:ConnectthefollowingsentencesbyusingRRCs1.Sundayistheday.Onthatday,IhavemyFrenchclass.2.ModernTurkeyistheplace.Inthatplace,theoldestwrittenEuropeanlanguagehasbeenfound.3.Manypeoplewanttospendsometimeabroad.Forthisreason,theyoftenchoosetolearnaforeignlanguage.

when/onwhichwhere/inwhichThereasonwhymanypeopleoftenchoosetolearnaforeignlanguageisthattheywanttospendsometimeabroad.Relativeadverbs(關系副詞）vsRelativepronouns(關系代詞）定語從句關系詞的選擇判斷從句的1._______缺2._____，3._____,4._____選擇5.___________缺6._____，選擇7.____________句子成分主語賓語定語關系代詞狀語關系副詞Tip2:

定語從句三步解體法：一、先找出主句；二、確定先行詞三、判斷關系詞在從句中做的成分定語從句的引導詞關系代詞關系副詞指人指物that(主語/賓語/表語),which(主語/賓語),who(主語/賓語),whom(賓語),whose(定語)，as(主語/賓語/表語)that(主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語),whose(定語)where(地點狀語)when(時間狀語)why(原因狀語)Ps:關系詞在從句中做狀語時，連接詞有時可以用介詞+which/whom來替換關系副詞特別提示(一）并非所有的表示“時間”和“地點”的先行詞，后面的定語從句一定要用when和where引導。如果定語從句中缺少主語或賓語，就要用that或which引導。Thisisthehouse_____________myfatherbuiltlastyear.Doyoustillrememberthedays___________wespentinthecountryside?that/whichthat/which判斷先行詞在從句中的成分，用正確的關系詞填空。Thisisthereason_______________hewent.Thereason_______________hegaveuswasquitereasonable.Thisistheplace____________wevisitedlastyear.Thisistheplace____________heworks.Thatwasthetime____________hearrived.Doyoustillrememberthetime____________wespenttogether?which/thatwherewhenthat/whichwhy/forwhichthat/which關系副詞when,where,why引導定語從句時,關系副詞也可用“介詞+關系代詞”代替。1.關系代詞的確定在“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中,關系代詞只能用which或whom,先行詞指物時,用which;先行詞指人時,用whom。

特別提示(二）1.Thisisthecamerawithwhich

heoftentakesphotos.2.Theoldwomanwithwhom

youtalkedjustnowisafamousartist.Heisthemaninwhomyoucanbelieve.(1)看介詞與定語從句中動詞或形容詞的搭配。Hegavemesomebookswith

whichIamnotveryfamiliar.(2)看介詞與先行詞搭配。Thisisour

classroom

inwhichthereisateacher’sdesk.The

farm

onwhichmyfatherworksisfarfromthetown.(3)根據(jù)句子的意思而定。Thesoldier,withoutwhomIwouldn'thavesurvivedtheearthquake,retiredlastweek.2.介詞的確定Thepatientwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.并非所有介詞都可以放到關系代詞前有些“動詞+介詞”被視為一個固定的詞組,不可分割,這時不能把介詞置于關系代詞前,如：lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,

takecareof,lookforwardto,gothrough等。Thepatientafterwhomsheislookingisherfather.×特別提示：1.Thefilmstar___________wetalked

alotyesterdaywillgiveusaspeechtomorrow.2.TheWestLake_________Hangzhouisfamous

intheworldwillbemorebeautiful.3.Thisismyglasses,____________Ican’tseeclearly.4.Thereason_________hecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradeswastoolow.5.Whoistheperson__________youjust

shookhands?6.Couldyoutellmetheday________youarrived?7.Iwilltreasurethedays________Ilivedhere.用“介詞+關系代詞”填空aboutwhomforwhichwithoutwhichwithwhomonwhichinwhichforwhichCompletethepassagewiththecorrectrelativeadverbsorpronouns.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle.Thewordsfeltstrangeonmytongue,andthegrammarwouldnotstayinmyhead.ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup,andthatIwouldneverliveinacountry_______________Germanwasspoken.Mymumtoldmethatstudyingalanguagewasnotjustformyfuture.Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.AndIrememberthatday

_______________IsuddenlyfeltlikeGermanwasnolongeraforeignlanguage.Itfeltlikemybrainhaddoubledinsize.Ihadfinallycometoaplace_______________Icouldthinkinthisforeignlanguage,andIcouldseetheworldfromadifferentpointofview.IfeltasifIhadreachedthegoal___________Ihadbeenfightingfor.Icouldopenabookandseemeanings,notjustaseaofwords.Ifinallyunderstoodthereason_______________mymumhadencouragedmenottogiveup.Thanks,Mum!where/inwhichwhen/onwhichwhere/atwhichwhich/thatwhyCompletethepassagewiththecorrectrelativeadverbsorpronouns.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle.Thewordsfeltstrangeonmytongue,andthegrammarwouldnotstayinmyhead.ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup,andthatIwouldneverliveinacountry_______________Germanwasspoken.Mymumtoldmethatstudyingalanguagewasnotjustformyfuture.Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.AndIrememberthatday

_______________IsuddenlyfeltlikeGermanwasnolongeraforeignlanguage.Itfeltlikemybrainhaddoubledinsize.Ihadfinallycometoaplace_______________Icouldthinkinthisforeignlanguage,andIcouldseetheworldfromadifferentpointofview.IfeltasifIhadreachedthegoal___________Ihadbeenfightingfor.Icouldopenabookandseemeanings,notjustaseaofwords.Ifinallyunderstoodthereason_______________mymumhadencouragedmenottogiveup.Thanks,Mum!where/inwhichwhen/onwhichwhere/atwhichwhich/thatwhyApply:Micro-writingReadaninterviewtalkingaboutaChinesestudent'sexperiencesoflearningEnglishandfinishtask1and2.Task1:rewritetheunderlinedpartswithrestrictiverelativeclauses.

Task2:completethemissingpartbyusingrestrictiverelativeclauseswherenecessary.

Task1:RewritetheunderlinedpartswithRRCs.

HelloandwelcometoSchoolTalk!TodayI'mjoinedbyaformerstudentofourschool,KevinLi.KevingraduatedfromourschoolthisJuneandisabouttogotocollege.Kevin,thankyouforcomingtoshareyourexperiencesoflearningEnglishwithus.Hieverybody.Iamgladtocomebacktothelovelyschool.Inthisschool,Imetmanygoodfriendsandhadagreattime.Ifeltasifhighschoolwasonlyyesterday!where/inwhich

Great!OK,Let'sstartourtalk.HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?AndhowdidyoufeelwhenyoustartedlearningEnglish?Well,I'vebeenlearningEnglishsinceGrade3.Attheverybeginning,Ifounditreallyinteresting.Icanwellrememberthefirstday.Onthatday,wehadgreatfundoingroleplayinEnglishclass.whenYes,thingsdidnotalwaysgoquitewell.Likemanyotherstudents,IalsohadahardtimeinEnglishlearningwhenIjustenteredseniorhigh.Ifeltthatwordsandphrasesdidnotstayinmyhead.Ithinkitwasbecausethereweresomanythingstoremember.Sosenioronewasaperiod.Duringthisperiod,Iwasreallyataloss(感到迷茫).Task1:RewritetheunderlinedpartswithRRCs.

SoundslikeyoureallyenjoyedlearningEnglish.ButhaveyoumetanydifficultiesinlearningEnglish?

Howdidyougetthroughthedifficulttimesandmoveon?thatThereasonwhyIfeltthatwordsandphrasesdidnotstayinmyheadwhen/duringwhichTask1:RewritetheunderlinedpartswithRRCs.Tobehonest,Ihavemadeuseofmanydifferentmethods.Forexample,takingpartintheEnglishcorner.Itisagreatplace.Inthisplace,Icouldhavemorechancesofcommunicatingwithotherstudentsorevenforeignteachers.Thus,Iwasabletoputthosewordsandphraseslearnedintouse.Inmysparetime,Ialsoreadalot,especiallythoseEnglishclassics.Theyopenedawindowformetoexploreandhaveadeeperunderstandingoftheculturebehindthelanguage.where/inwhich___________