Unit6Atonewithnature6.4Presentingideas導(dǎo)學(xué)案學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容概要寫作+讀后續(xù)寫（人與自然和諧相處）學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)語言能力目標(biāo)1）通過本節(jié)經(jīng)歷感受類寫作訓(xùn)練，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生正確使用人稱、時(shí)態(tài)；2）能清楚、恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)題目要點(diǎn)；3）能使用多樣的句式和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。情感目標(biāo)：通過觀察、閱讀、模仿范文，寫出自己的專屬日記和心情。學(xué)習(xí)能力目標(biāo)注意知識(shí)的遷移運(yùn)用，比如將前面學(xué)的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用到自己的實(shí)際寫作當(dāng)中。學(xué)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)1）能清楚、恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)寫作要點(diǎn)；2）能使用多樣的句式和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。重點(diǎn)了解日記體寫作的時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，格式等基本知識(shí)；進(jìn)行實(shí)際日記寫作，描述自己的開學(xué)一周。2.難點(diǎn)（1）閱讀范文，從中提煉出寫作要點(diǎn)；（2）寫作規(guī)范化。寫作指導(dǎo)文體特點(diǎn)概要寫作是綜合考查考生的閱讀能力和寫作能力的題型。概要寫作的體裁以說明文和議論文為主，主要考查考生把握文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)和概括文章主旨大意的能力，同時(shí)考查考生準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵信息以及用簡(jiǎn)潔的語言概括文章重要信息的能力。考生掌握“概括、重組、成篇——三步法”原則，助你輕松贏高分。概要寫作要求學(xué)生對(duì)一篇文章進(jìn)行歸納概括，用簡(jiǎn)潔的語言總結(jié)文章要點(diǎn)。所表達(dá)的信息要忠實(shí)于原文，但不可原句照搬。第一步：讀文章——知曉體裁、明確主旨進(jìn)行概要寫作時(shí)，首先要閱讀所提供的文章。閱讀文章的目的就是要確定文章的體裁和主題。根據(jù)近幾年浙江高考真題來看，所考查的概要寫作原文多是議論文或說明文。如：2019年6月浙江高考的概要寫作原文是議論文，主題是父母應(yīng)表揚(yáng)孩子做事過程中的努力而非結(jié)果。2018年11月浙江高考的概要寫作原文是說明文，主題是報(bào)考大學(xué)之前要進(jìn)行實(shí)地考察。第二步：析結(jié)構(gòu)——?jiǎng)澐侄温洹⒋_定要點(diǎn)閱讀完概要寫作所提供的文章后，應(yīng)迅速分析一下文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。概要寫作類文章的結(jié)構(gòu)多為“總分、分總、總分總或并列結(jié)構(gòu)”，然后把文章的自然段按意義進(jìn)行劃分，確定要寫的要點(diǎn)數(shù)量(一般為4個(gè)要點(diǎn))，如：2019年6月和2018年11月份的浙江高考的概要寫作原文的結(jié)構(gòu)分別是并列式和總分總式，且都是4個(gè)段落，都可以確定寫4個(gè)要點(diǎn)。第三步：提信息——找主旨句、圈關(guān)鍵詞在分析好文章的結(jié)構(gòu)后，要按照文章的段落找出每一段的主旨句，并圈出一些能體現(xiàn)段落大意的關(guān)鍵詞。說明文和議論文的主旨句多在段首或段尾，但也有位于段中或無主旨句的情況。另外，文章的每一段中也可以按主旨信息，主要信息、次要信息和冗余信息來劃分，提取信息時(shí)，要忽略冗余信息，也就是與主旨無關(guān)的一些細(xì)節(jié)信息。第四步：擬草稿——逐句分析、高度概括在找出文章的主旨句和重要信息后，考生須迅速擬定草稿。方法是先逐句分析找出段落主旨句，然后，對(duì)這些句子在不改變?cè)x的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行高度概括、同義替換或重構(gòu)句式。最后，還要注意各個(gè)要點(diǎn)之間的銜接和過渡。如：Opinionsaboutwhetherhighschoolstudentsshouldopenmicroblogsvaryfrompersontoperson．可替換為Peopleholddifferentviewsaboutwhetherhighschoolstudentsshouldopenmicroblogs.第五步：釀佳作——修正失誤、銜接成文在擬好概要寫作的草稿后，首先要通讀一遍，根據(jù)語法知識(shí)修正所寫的概要中可能出現(xiàn)的一些諸如拼寫、時(shí)態(tài)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)、連接詞等方面的錯(cuò)誤。其次，根據(jù)文章的要義，核實(shí)一下所寫的要點(diǎn)是否齊全。最后，把草稿清晰、工整地謄寫在答題紙上。ReadforwritingstyleReadforstructureReadforkeypointsRewritethekeypointsPolishthesummarywithlinkingwords本單元寫作的要求是概要寫作和讀后續(xù)寫，主題是寫關(guān)于人與自然和諧相處話題。為了讓讀者更好地了解所介紹的動(dòng)物，一般會(huì)描述其外形特點(diǎn)和活動(dòng)情況，如形狀，顏色等。另外也會(huì)涉及其基本信息，如棲息地、是否遷徙、以何為食等生活習(xí)性，再進(jìn)一步可以從環(huán)?；蛭幕嵌冉榻B，寫出在人類文化中的象征含義。寫作時(shí)注意突出重點(diǎn)。要求考生在理解一篇不完整故事的基礎(chǔ)上，充分調(diào)動(dòng)想象創(chuàng)新思維，大膽預(yù)測(cè)故事缺失部分的內(nèi)容走勢(shì)，進(jìn)行充滿個(gè)性色彩的設(shè)計(jì)，并用英語進(jìn)行續(xù)寫表達(dá)。所提供短文詞數(shù)在350左右，劃線詞語涉及到名詞(詞組)、動(dòng)詞(詞組)、介詞(詞組)和形容詞等，其中，以名詞(詞組)為主，在續(xù)寫中至少要使用5個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞語，需要注意：在使用關(guān)鍵詞語時(shí)根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的需要，可以改變動(dòng)詞的形式，可以改變名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，但不要改變關(guān)鍵詞語在原文中的含義和詞性；多以記敘文故事類文章或者夾敘夾議類文章為主，故事情節(jié)有曲折、有起伏，但故事線索的邏輯性比較強(qiáng)。1.創(chuàng)造性：即發(fā)揮想象力，該題型具有一定的開放性，考生需用自己的語言對(duì)故事情節(jié)進(jìn)行內(nèi)容創(chuàng)造；2.邏輯性：即根據(jù)已提供的關(guān)鍵信息，按照可能的合理的方向續(xù)寫，使文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)完整；3.豐富性：即語言能力的充分體現(xiàn)，詞匯句法的準(zhǔn)確與復(fù)雜程度，細(xì)節(jié)描寫的生動(dòng)性等都將讓故事更加立體飽滿。教學(xué)過程一、巧用導(dǎo)入句，亮人一眼1．Asurvey/Anexperiment/Aninvention/Aresearch...finds/discovers/proves/shows...2．Accordingtoarecentsurvey/experiment/invention...3．Accordingtoexperts/specialists/Dr.White...4．Experts/Specialists/Researchers...say...5．Itisexpectedthat...6．Hopefully，...二、改寫句子，方法獨(dú)特1．同義替換：例如：isgoodto→benefit；beafraidtodo→prevent/discourage...from；toomuch→excessive(高級(jí)詞匯)；thesameas→likewise(高級(jí)詞匯)。2．反義轉(zhuǎn)換：例如：sincere→insincere；encourage→discourage。3．詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：例如：recognizeyourchild→parents'recognition；stronglyagainst→strongopposition。4．利用介詞短語法Wearesuretofinishitintimebecausesomanypeoplearehelpingus.→Withsomanypeoplehelpingus,wearesuretofinishitintime.5．句式變化法(1)語態(tài)變換Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleuseputersintheworldtoday.→putersarewidelyusedintheworldtoday.(2)簡(jiǎn)單句合并為復(fù)合句Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood.Thiswasmorethanwecouldexpect.→Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.(3)連詞銜接法Heinsistedonstaying.Hewasnotwillingtogo.→Heinsistedonstayingratherthangoing.(4)語序改變法ProfessorWhite，ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguestswerepresentatthemeeting.→PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite，ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.(5)特殊句式法(not...but，倒裝，therebe，etc.)Thequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.→Whatmattershereisn'tquantitybutquality.三、巧用代詞連詞，概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊寫概要第三步：銜接。積累并熟練掌握充當(dāng)句子內(nèi)部或者句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系的銜接手段。優(yōu)先考慮使用最短連接詞，常見銜接詞如下：轉(zhuǎn)折but，however，yet，nevertheless結(jié)果so，thus，therefore，consequently，infact原因because，as，since，for，dueto/owingto對(duì)比instead，likewise，onthecontrary讓步though，as，although，despite列舉first(ly)，next/later，then，finally/eventually增補(bǔ)also，besides，what'smore，moreover，furthermore，inaddition，aboveall...舉例forexample，forinstance替代alternatively解釋namely，inotherwords，whichmeans，referto，thatistosay，orrather目的assumedto，aimto，mainlydealwith，focuson四、高頻詞匯高人一頭在概要寫作中你可以利用這些詞語替換原文中的詞匯1about關(guān)于concerning，regarding，relatedto，berelevantto2actually事實(shí)上infact，asamatteroffact，inreality3aimat旨在beaimedto，beaimedat，beintendedto，bemeantto4appear出現(xiàn)appearance，turnup，showup5approach靠近，臨近enear，drawnear6besides而且，另外additionally，inaddition，what'smore，moreover，furthermore7beprideof為……感到驕傲/自豪takepridein8energetic精力充沛的fullofenergy9havefun玩得開心enjoyoneself，haveagoodtime10hold舉行takeplace11honor/honour紀(jì)念inhonourof12intelligent聰明的clever，wise，smart，bright，brilliant13inaword總之a(chǎn)llinall，inconclusion，inshort，inbrief，tosumup14finally最后intheend，eventually，attheendof15inthebeginning開始atthestartof，tobeginwith五、針對(duì)學(xué)生易犯錯(cuò)誤，寫完后自問1．內(nèi)容涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)了嗎？各要點(diǎn)是否獨(dú)立表述？2．內(nèi)容理解正確嗎？避開陳述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)了嗎？3．用自己的語言(變換詞匯及語法結(jié)構(gòu))組織概要了嗎？(嚴(yán)禁整句抄自原文)4．使用連接成分(代詞、連詞)使上下文連貫了嗎？5．呈現(xiàn)的是最精簡(jiǎn)的概要嗎？字?jǐn)?shù)多于60詞了嗎？注意事項(xiàng)：1．不能準(zhǔn)確抓住要點(diǎn)。概要寫作的重點(diǎn)是能概括出要點(diǎn)，如果要點(diǎn)弄錯(cuò)了，那么就失去了目標(biāo)。如果不能抓住要點(diǎn)，句子寫得再好，也不能得分。2．隨意打亂文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。概要寫作一般會(huì)提供結(jié)構(gòu)比較清楚的文章。而寫概要的時(shí)候，一般都是按照文章的結(jié)構(gòu)去概括要點(diǎn)。不要輕易打亂文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。3．各個(gè)要點(diǎn)的獨(dú)立性不夠。考試說明對(duì)要點(diǎn)的獨(dú)立性有明確的要求。因此，我們對(duì)要點(diǎn)的陳述也要相對(duì)獨(dú)立，一般不要把幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)放到一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中。4．照抄原文中的句子。概要寫作的獨(dú)立性除了各個(gè)要點(diǎn)的獨(dú)立之外，其實(shí)還要求考生用自己的語言去概括文章，不能直接照抄原文的句子。因此，切記要用自己的語言，而不是原文中的句子來概括要點(diǎn)。寫概要寫作時(shí)要先讀懂原文，把握文章主旨大意和作者觀點(diǎn)，抓關(guān)鍵詞，篩選與主旨有關(guān)的主要信息。然后，借助已掌握的語言知識(shí)，對(duì)原語篇進(jìn)行“濃縮”，寫出一個(gè)新的語篇。而新的語篇，既要做到在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、語篇銜接和連貫各要素上與原文保持一致，又要做到簡(jiǎn)明扼要、意義完整、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密和語句通順。 實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用四、概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Environmentalproblemsarebeingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Forexample,carshavemadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreatheandpoisonousgasisgivenoffbyfactories.Treesonthehillshavebeencutdownandwastewaterisbeingpouredcontinuouslyintorivers.Furthermore,whereverwegotoday,wecanfindrubbishcarelesslydisposed(處理)．Therearedifferentkindsofpollutants,eachofwhichesfromdifferentsources.Itisnecessarytoidentifythesourceofpollution,inordertomakeapolicytogetridofthem.Differentproducts,processesandactivitiesofourindustrializedworldtogetherformthemajorsourceofpollution.Theformsofpollutioncanbemainlydividedintothreekinds—solids,liquidandgas.Thesepollutantshavegreatlydamagedourplanetandcontinuetodoso.Infact,pollutionisthreateningourexistence.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheearthischanging.Massivedestructionofenvironmenthasbroughtaboutnegativeeffectsandevenposedagreatthreattoman'sexistence.Wemustfacethesituationthatexistsandtakeactiontosolveourenvironmentalproblems.Forinstance,newlawsmustbepassedtoplacestrictcontroloverindustrialpollution;thepublicmustreceivetheeducationaboutthedangerofpollutionandraisetheirawarenessofprotectingtheenvironmentandsoon.Theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitforourselvesandourlatergenerations.Fortunately,moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedtheseproblems.Measureshavebeentakentodealwiththesesituationsbythegovernment.Andlawshavebeenpassedtostoppollution,Ihopetheproblemswillbesolvedinthenearfutureandourhomewillbeebetterandbetter.——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————四、讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。(浙江高考)Itwassummer,andmydadwantedtotreatmetoavacationlikeneverbefore.HedecidedtotakemeonatriptotheWildWest.WetookaplanetoAlbuquerque,abigcityinthestateofNewMexico.WereachedAlbuquerqueinthelateafternoon.UnclePaul,mydad'sfriend,pickedusupfromtheairportanddroveusuptohisfarminPecos.HiswifeTinacookedusadeliciousdinnerandwegottoknowhissonsRyanandKyle.MydadandIspentthenightintheguestroomofthefarmhouselisteningtothefrogsandwaterrollingdowntherivernearby.Veryearlyinthemorning,UnclePaulwokeusuptohavebreakfast.“Thedaystartsatdawnonmyfarm，”hesaid.Afterbreakfast,IwenttohelpAuntTinafeedthechickens,whilemydadwentwithUnclePaultotakethesheepouttograze(吃草).IwasimpressedtoseemydadandUnclePaulridinghorses.Theylookedreallycool.Intheafternoon,IaskedUnclePaulifIcouldtakeahorseride,andhesaidyes,aslongasmydadwentwithme.Iwasn'tgoingtotakeahorseridebymyselfanyway.So,mydadandIputonournewcowboyhats,gotonourhorses,andheadedslowlytowardsthemountains.“Don'tbelateforsupper，”UnclePaulcried,“andkeeptothetracksothatyoudon'tgetlost！”“OK！”mydadcriedback.AfterawhileUnclePaulandhisfarmhousewereoutofsight.Itwassopeacefulandquietandthecolorsofthebrownrocks,thedeepgreenpinetrees,andthelateafternoonsunmixedtocreateamagicscene.Itlookedlikeabeautifulwoven(編織的)blanketspreadoutuponthegroundjustforus.注意：1．所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．至少使用5個(gè)短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；3．續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；4．續(xù)寫完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph1：Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：Wehadnoideawherewewereanditgotdark.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________鞏固練習(xí)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Anewstudywarnsthataboutthirtypercentoftheworld’speoplemaynothaveenoughwaterby2025.AprivateAmericanorganisationcalledPopulationActionInternational(PAI)didthenewstudy.Itsaysmorethanthreehundredandthirtyfivemillionpeoplelackenoughwaternow.Thepeopleliveintwentyeightcountries.MostofthecountriesareinAfricaortheMiddleEast.PAIresearcherRobertEngelmansaysbytheyear2025,aboutthreethousandmillionpeopleareshortofwater.Eighteenmorecountriesareexpectedtohaveseriouswaterproblems.Thedemandforwaterkeepsincreasing.Yettheamountofwaterontheearthstaysthesame.MrEngelmansaysthepopulationincountriesthatlackwaterisgrowingfasterthaninotherpartsoftheworld.Hesayspopulationgrowthinthesecountrieswillcontinuetoincrease.Thereportsayslackofwaterinthefuturemayresultinseveralproblems.Itmayincreasehealthproblems.Lackofwateroftenmeansdrinkingwaterisnotsafe.MrEngelmansaysthereareproblemsallovertheworldbecauseofdiseaseslikecholerathatarecarriedinwater.Lackofwatermayalsoleadtomoreinternationalconflicts.Countriesmayhavetofightforwaterinthefuture.Somecountriesnowgetsixtypercentoftheirfreshwaterfromothercountries.ThisistrueofEgypt,theNetherlands,Cambodia,Syria,SudanandIraq.Andthereportsayslackofwaterwouldaffecttheabilitytoimprovetheireconomies.Thisisbecausenewindustriesoftenneedlargeamountsofwaterwhentheyarebeginning.ThePopulationActionInternationalstudygivesseveralsolutionstothewaterproblem.Oneway,itsays,istofindwaystousewaterformorethanonepurpose.Anotherwayistoteachpeopletobecarefulnottowastewater.Athirdwayistouselesswaterofagriculture.Thereportalsosayslongtermsolutionstothewaterproblemmustincludecontrolsonpopulationgrowth.Itsayscountriescannotprovidecleanwaterunlesstheyslowpopulationgrowthbylimitingthenumberofchildrenpeoplehave.閱讀短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Whenchildrencan’tgooutforsomereasons,theyshouldeattheirmealsandsnacksathome,whichmeansnotonlyaddinganewstress(壓力)forparents(e.g.,alotmorecooking!),butalsoprovidinganewchanceforparentstoteachchildrencookingskills.Helpingchildrendevelopaninterestincookingwhenthey’reyoungcanhelpthemhavethevaluableli