2025屆復(fù)興中學(xué)高三英語三?？荚嘔.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ABetterLifeEventhoughwearelivinginanagewheregrowingoldisthoughtofasaninevitablemisery,thisdoctorhasbeenchangingthegameforseniorsoverthelast25years. Itallstartedin1991whentheHarvard-educatedphysician(1)_____________(transfer)fromworkinginastressfulemergencyroomtobeingthemedicaldirectorofanursinghomeinupstateNewYork.Thedepressingandregimented(嚴(yán)格管制的)environmentgothimthinkingonwhat(2)_________exactlyimprovetheresidents'conditions. ___________animalsinnursinghomeswereillegalatthetime,Dr.BillThomastookachance.(4)________(base)onahunch(直覺),hebroughtintwodogs,fourcats,hens,rabbits,100birds,amultitudeofplants,aflowergarden,andavegetablepatch.Thechangewasdramatic.Therewasa50%dropinmedicalprescriptionsalongwithadramaticdecreaseindeathrates,butmostimportantly,theresidentsweresimply(5)________(happy).Dr.Thomas'sapproach,namedtheEdenAlternative,hasdrivennursinghomes(6)________(allow)amoreautonomousandcreativelivingspacefortheirelderly.Iterasesthebeliefthatgrowingoldmeansgrowinguseless.Heencouragesresidentstothinkoftheirageasanenrichingnewphaseofliferatherthantheendofit. Thomas,now(7)_______speakerandauthorofseveralbooks,alsocreatedsmall,independently-runresidenceswiththeirownbedroomsandbathrooms,andhehasbeenpreachingasingularmessage(8)_______gettingoldisnotabadthing.“Withinsixweeks,theyhadtosendatruckaroundtopickupallthewheelchairs,"ThomastoldtheWashingtonPost.“Youknowwhymostpeopleinnursinghomesusewheelchairs?Becausethebuildingsaresobig."The56-year-olddoctor'smethodshavebeenadoptedinAustralia,Japan,Canada,andAmerica(9)_______enormoussuccess.LastyearhepublishedSecondWind:NavigatingthePassagetoaSlower,Deeper,andMoreConnectedLife,aguideonhowtoshiftourperspectivesonagingandgrowth.HeiscurrentlytravelingthroughNorthAmerica,(10)_________(perform)withhisguitarandhisenthusiasmonhisAgeofDisruptionTour.

SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.NotethatthereisonewordmorethanyoupletelyB.differentiateC.distinctD.awesomeE.outperformingF.overstatedG.previouslyH.proveI.surpassJ.volumeK.comparingAredogsthesmartestofall?Scientistsrecentlyexaminedstudiesondogintelligenceandcomparedthemwithresearchintothemindsofotherintelligentanimals.Theresearchersfoundthatdogsareamongthemoreintelligentcarnivores(食肉動物),socialhuntersanddomesticanimals,butthattheirintelligencedoesnot(11)_______otherintelligentanimalsinanyofthosecategories.Thoughasignificantbodyofresearchhasexamineddogcognition(12)________,theauthorsofthisnewstudyfoundlittletowarrant(保證)the(13)________ofworkthathasbeendevotedtothetopic.StephenLea,leadauthorofthenewstudy,arguesthatmanyresearchersseemtohavedesignedtheirstudiesto(14)______howcleverdogsare,ratherthansimplytostudydogs'brains.Leaandacolleagueexaminedmorethan300studiesofdogcognition,(15)_______thestudies'resultswiththosefromresearchintootheranimals.Theresearchersmadespecificcomparisonsbetweenthedifferentspeciesindifferentcategoriesofintelligence.Thesecomparisonsaffirmedthatdogsareintelligent,buttheirintelligenceisnotas(16)_______assomeresearchersmighthavebelieved.Inmanyareas,though,comparisonswerenotpossible.Forexample,theresearchersnotedthatbothdogsandcatsareknowntobeabletorecognizeand(17)_______humanvoices.Buttheinvestigatorscouldnotfindanydatatoindicatewhichspeciescanrememberagreaternumberof(18)_________humanvoices,soitwasimpossibletocomparethetwoonthatfront.However,notallresearchersagree(19)_______withthefindingsofthisstudy.ZacharySilver,anAmericanresearcher,believestheauthorsofthenewstudy(20)________theideathatanexcessiveamountofresearchhasbeendevotedtodogs,asthefieldofdogcognitionisyoung,andthereismuchtobelearnedabouthowdogsthink.II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Howcanonepersonenjoygoodhealth,whileanotherpersonlooksoldbeforehertime?Humanshavebeenaskingthisquestionforthousandsofyears,andrecently,it'sbecomingclearerandclearertoscientiststhatthedifferencesbetweenpeople'sratesofaginglieinthecomplex(21)_______amonggenes,socialrelationships,environmentsandlifestyles.Eventhoughyouwerebornwithaparticularsetofgenes,thewayyoulivecan(22)______howtheyexpressthemselves.Somelifestylefactorsmayeventurngenesonor(23)____them____. Deepwithinthegeneticheartofallourcellsaretelomeres,orrepeatingsegmentsofnon-codingDNAthatliveattheendsofthechromosomes(染色體).Theyformcapsattheendsofthechromosomesandkeepthegeneticmaterialtogether.Shorteningwitheachcelldivision,theyhelpdeterminehow(24)______acellages.Whentheybecometooshort,thecellstops(25)______altogether.Thisisn'ttheonlyreasonacellcanage---thereareotherstressesoncellswedon'tyetunderstandverywell---butshorttelomeresareoneofthe(26)_______reasonshumancellsgrowold.We'vedevotedmostofourcareerstostudyingtelomeres,andoneextraordinarydiscoveryfromourlabsisthattelomerescanactually(27)_______.Scientistshavelearnedthatseveralthoughtpatternsappeartobe(28)______fortelomeresandoneofthemiscynicalhostility.Cynicalhostilityisdefinedbyhighangerandfrequentthoughtsthatotherpeoplecannotbetrusted.Someonewithhostilitydoesn'tjustthink,“Ihatetostandinlonglines";theythink,“Others(29)_______spedupandbeatmetomyrightfulpositionintheline!"--andthengetviolentlyagitated.Peoplewhoscorehighonmeasuresofcynicalhostilitytendtogetmoreheartdisease,metabolicdiseaseandoftendieat(30)______ages.Theyalsohaveshortertelomeres.InastudyofBritishcivilservants,menwhoscoredhighonmeasuresofcynicalhostilityhadshortertelomeresthanmenwhosehostilityscoreswerelow.Themosthostilemenwere30%morelikelytohaveshorttelomeres.Whatthismeans:agingisa(31)_______processthatcouldpossiblybeacceleratedorslowed--and,insomeaspects,evenreversed.Toanextent,ithas(32)_______usandtherestofthescientificcommunitythattelomeresdonotsimplycarryoutthecommandsissuedbyyourgeneticcode.Yourtelomeresare(33)______you.Thefoodsyoueat,yourresponsetochallenges,theamountofexerciseyouget,andmanyotherfactorsappeartoinfluenceyourtelomeresandcanprevent(34)______agingatthecellularlevel.Oneofthekeystoenjoyinggoodhealthissimplydoingyourparttofosterhealthycell(35)______.A.quality B.interaction C.breakthrough D.challengeA.influence B.exchange C.integrate D.evolveA.setout B.putup C.shutoff D.actasA.natural B.potential C.unique D.fastA.dividing B.recycling C.creating D.processingA.efficient B.productive C.major D.subsequentA.deepen B.lengthen C.widen D.improveA.primitive B.resistant C.original D.unhealthyA.deliberately B.accidentally C.literally D.exceptionallyA.mature B.younger C.incredible D.currentA.permanent B.fundamental C.dynamic D.positiveA.surprised B.reminded C.upset D.trainedA.stirringup B.listeningto C.breakingdown D.turningintoA.original B.frequent C.universal D.prematureA.renewal B.recycle C.rediscovery D.reductionSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)WhenIwasalittlegirl,Ilikeddrawing,freelyandjoyouslymakingmarksonthewallsathome.Inprimaryschool,Ilearnedtowriteusingchalks.Writingseemedtobeanotherformofdrawing.Ishapedindividuallettersintorepeatinglines,whichwereabstractforms,delightfulbutmeaninglesspatterns.Insecondaryschool,artwasmyfavouritesubject.SinceIloveditsomuchIthoughtIwasgoodatit.FortheartO-levelexamIhadtopresentanoilpainting.Ifounditdifficult,butstillhopedtopass.Ifailed,withalowgrade.I’dbeenover-confident.NowI’dbeendeclaredtalentless.Butotherchannelsofcreativitystayedopen:Iwentonwritingpoemsandstories.Still,Iwenttoexhibitionsoften.Icontinuedmyhabitualdrawing,whichInowcharacterizedaschildishdoodling(亂畫).Inmy30s,Imadepainterfriendsandlearnednewwaysoflookingatart.However,Icouldn’tletmyselfhaveagoatactuallydoingit.Thoughthesenewfriendswereabstractpaintersusingoilpaints,orwereprint-makersorsculptors,Itookoilpaintingasthetaboo(禁忌)highformIwasn’tallowedtopractice.Onenight,inmyearly40s,Idreamedthatabigwomaninredapproachedme,handedmeabagofpaints,andtoldmetostartpainting.Thedreamfeltsoauthoritativethatitshookme.Itwasaformofenergy,givingmebacksomethingI’dlost.Accordingly,Istartedbyexperimentingwithwatercolors.Finally,Iboughtsomeoilpaints.AlthoughIhaveenjoyedbreakingmydecades-longtabooaboutworkingwithoilpaints,IhavediscoveredInowpreferchalksandink.IletmylinedrawingsturnintocartoonsIsendtofriends.Itallfeelsfreeandeasy.Un-anxious.Thistimearound,Icanacceptmylimitationsbutkeepgoing.Becomingasuccessfulpaintercallsforbeingresolute.IrealizedIwasalwaysafraidofwantingtoomuch.Thatdreamremindedmethatthosefearsanddesirescouldencouragemetotakerisksandmakeexperiments.36.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheresultoftheartexam?A.Scared. B.Worried. C.Discouraged. D.Wronged.37.Inher30s,theauthor_________.A.avoidedoilpaintingpractice B.soughtforapaintingcareerC.fanciedabstractpainting D.exhibitedchildpaintings38.Whichwordwouldbestdescribetheauthor’sdream?A.Confusing. B.Empowering.C.Disturbing. D.Entertaining.39.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. B.Hardworkisthemotherofsuccess.C.Dreamsarethereflectionsofrealities. D.Creativeactivitiesinvolvebeingconfident(B)TheLanguageExchangeProgrammeallowsstudentsinpairstocommunicateintwodifferentlanguagestheywishtoshareandlearneachweek.Studentsrecordshortentriesaftereachpartnermeetingnotingthelanguageskillspractisedandthetopicsdiscussed.Eachpairofstudentsmeetsthreetimesthroughoutthetermwithateacherwhodecidesiftheexchangeiseffective.Studentswhosuccessfullycompletetheprogrammewillreceiveonecrediteach.Requirementsforcompletion:?OnewelcomingsessiononthesecondFridayoftheterm?18weeklyone-hourpairmeetings?Weeklyprogressreportsforallpairmeetings?Atleastthreepair-teachermeetings?Onefive-minutefinalvideoSignup!Thesign-upandregistrationprocessisasfollows:?Studentssignupandindicatethelanguagestheycanshareandlanguagestheyareinterestedinlearning.?Basedontheinformationenteredbyeachstudent,potentialpairsareidentified.?Proficiency(熟練)levelsareconfirmedthroughcourseworkorplacementtests.?Onceapairhasbeendeterminedtobesuitable,thestudentswillbecontactedindividuallywithaspecialpermissionnumbertoregisterfortheprogramme.Reminders:Signingupfortheprogrammedoesnotautomaticallymeanthatyouwillbeabletoregisterandparticipate.Pairsarematchedbylanguagesofinterestandproficiencylevels.Sincetherearemanyfactorsinvolvedinthepairingprocess,notallstudentswhosignupwillbematchedwithapartnerandbeabletoregisterfortheprogramme.40.Intheprogramme,studentswill_________.A.chairdailymeetings B.evaluatetheexchangeC.meetteacherseachweek D.practisetheirlanguageskills41.Tocompletetheprogramme,studentsarerequiredto_________.A.takedevelopmenttests B.participateinpairmeetingsC.welcomenewstudents D.workonweeklyvideos42.Whatdostudentsneedtododuringtheregistration?A.Indicatetheirlanguagesofinterest. B.Selecttheirowncoursework.C.Makeindividualcontact. D.Choosetheirpartners.(C)Manypeopleassociatetheirself-worthwiththeirwork.Themoresuccessfultheircareer,thebettertheyfeelaboutthemselves.Work-relatedself-esteemisthereforeaworthyidealtopursuewithvigor,right?Well,notalways.Accordingtorecentresearch,inwhichpsychologistsinterviewed370full-timeworkersoveraperiodofthreeweeks,therealityisalittlemorecomplicated.Anditinvolvesnegativeaswellaspositiveconsequences.It’snaturaltobedrawntowardspleasureandtostepawayfrompain.Intheworkplace,ifthatpleasurecomesfromatriumphwhichswells(使…膨脹)ourself-respect,peoplewilltrytorepeatthataccomplishment.Butrepeatingthataccomplishmentisoftennotrealistic,whichcanleadtoseverenegativeemotionalconsequenceswhenitdoesn'treoccur.Thisformofmotivationiswidelyregardedasanegativetypeofmotivation.Itcanhinderothermorepositivemotivationtypes,suchascompletingataskpurelybecauseit'sfulfillingorenjoyable.Whatconsumestheemployeesinsteadisapressingneedtofeelmightyandsureofthemselves.Theythentakeononlytasksandobjectiveswhichservethatego-drivenneed.Asaresult,toavoidfeelingsofshameandworthlessnessassociatedwithfailure,theyextendthemselvestosuchadegreethatthere'sasubsequentadverseeffectontheirwell-being.Thisinternalpressuretosucceedatallcostsdemandsalotofeffort.Itdepletestheirenergy,culminating(以…告終)indisproportionatelevelsofdamagingsentiment.Thosenegativeemotionsmountintoheightenedanxiety,impactingtheirabilitytomakethemostoftheirpersonallife.Theirdesiretoavoidfeelinginferiorendsupmakingthemfeelinferiorwhenitcomestotheirdiminished(減弱的)capacityforfriendshipandleisure.Theyendupdissatisfiedbothatworkandoutsideofit.Butthankfully,forthosepeoplecompelledalmostentirelybythisspecificformofmotivation,thenewsisn'tallbad,orbadatall.Thestudyalsodiscoveredseveralpositiveoutcomesthatcanactuallyoutweightheharmfulones.Thoughthesetypesofemployeesaremotivatedbythedesiretoavoidnegativeconsequences,theyarealsomotivatedbytheexcitementofpursuingemotionalrewards.Thisexcitementmakespursuinggoalsenjoyableandstimulatespleasureandpridethatwouldresultfromsuccess.Aneffectofthepositivemotivationisthatitneutralizestheexistenceofnegativemotivation.Sure,itaffectspeople'spersonallivestoanunhealthyextent,becauseleisureactivitiesareoftenseenasapartoflifethatmustbesacrificedtomanageworkandfamilydemands.However,thewaypeoplefeelabouttheirworkhaslesstodowithwhetherthey'remotivatedbythepreservationofself-esteembutmorewiththefactthatthey'resimplymotivated.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthepursuitofwork-relatedself-esteem?Itmayresultinnegativemotivation. B.Itcontributestoone’saccomplishmentsC.Itcanincreaseone’svigorasonekeepstrying. D.ItcoststoomuchemotionallyandpsychologicallyWhatdoemployeestendtodoinpursuingwork-relatedself-esteem?Takeontaskswellbeyondtheiractualcapabilities. B.Strivetosucceedattheexpenseoftheirwell-being. C.Turntoallmeansregardlessoftheconsequences. D.Stretchtheirsenseofshameandworthlessness.Whatdowelearnaboutpeopleover-concernedwithwork-relatedself-esteem?Theymayoftenfeelinferiortotheircolleagues. B.Theycannotenjoytheirpersonallifetothefull.C.Theyareneversatisfiedwiththeirachievements. D.Theyhavetheirownviewoffriendshipandleisure.46.Whatisthegoodnewswelearnfromtherecentresearch?A.Thepursuitofgoalsmayturnouttobeenjoyableandpleasant.B.Theemotionalrewardsfromgoalpursuitareworththepainstaken.C.Thenegativeconsequencesofgoalpursuitcanmostlybeavoided.D.Thegoalofswellingself-esteemcanbeachievedifonekeepstrying.

SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Inotherwords,thereareclearadvantagesforeach.B.Theyaremorelikelytorememberpeople’smistakes.C.Buttherecanbeadownsidetoconcentrationononebigthing.D.However,hedgehogsremainopentoothers’reactionsandinputs.E.Whensomethingiscontradictorytotheirview,theydon’ttreatitasexceptional.F.Theycomedownsquarelyononesideortheotherandfullysupporttheirposition.Hedgehog(刺猬)orfox?Ifyouwanttodevelopmaximumcredibility(可信性),isitbettertobeahedgehogorafox?AccordingtoIsaiahBerlin,thehedgehogknowsonethingverywell,andthefoxknowsalotofthings.Isthereaclearadvantageofonestyleovertheother?Hedgehogthinkerstendtoansweryes.___47___Andtheyareusuallyverycredibleindoingso.AccordingtoJimHart,the“hedgehogconcept”isoneofthefactorsthatleadcompaniestogreatness.Theyfocusononethinganddoitreallywell.Theyfigureoutwhattheyaregoodat.Hence,theyhavetheadvantageofclarityandconfidence.Thehedgehogconceptmakesperfectsenseforcompanies.___48___PhilipTatehasstudiedthetrackrecordsofthosefolksontheSundaytalkshowswhomakepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Hehasfoundthathedgehogsarenotonlywrongmoreoftenthanfoxes,butthattheyarelesslikelytorecognizeoradmitthattheyarewrongwheneventsdonotmatchtheirpredictions.Theadvantagethatfoxeshaveisthattheyaremorelikelytoseekoutnewinformationfromabroaderrangeofsources,andarecomfortablewithuncertaintyandnewinformation.___49___Theytrytoincludeitintheirviewpointratherthantoexcludeitfromtheirthinking.Theyalsohaveaclearerestimationofwhattheyknowanddon’tknow.So,whichisbetter?Thequestioncanbeansweredinafoxyhedgehogstyle.___50___Thechoicebetweenbeingahedgehogorafoxisafalsetrade-off.Themosteffectivewaytogothroughlifeistotrytobethatraremixtureknownasfoxyhedgehog.

III.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,wecan’tignorethefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Thereforethegreatestinfluenceofparentscan’tbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongsupportoftheschoolortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslypreventtheschoolfromaccomplishingitsaims.Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsinformedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshopsexplainingsuchmattersasthereadingreadinessprogramanddevelopmentalmath.Moreover,theclassroomteachercanalsoplayanimportantroleinexplainingtoparent