第四部分語法知識(shí)應(yīng)用專題十四語篇型填空【考綱解讀】卷名考點(diǎn)2017201620152014合計(jì)課標(biāo)Ⅰ課標(biāo)Ⅱ課標(biāo)Ⅲ課標(biāo)Ⅰ課標(biāo)Ⅱ課標(biāo)Ⅲ課標(biāo)Ⅰ課標(biāo)Ⅱ課標(biāo)Ⅰ課標(biāo)Ⅱ名詞、數(shù)詞122221111013代詞01010010014冠詞11111001107介詞、動(dòng)詞短語11111111019形容詞、副詞221121224219謂語動(dòng)詞222112211216非謂語動(dòng)詞212212231319并列連詞、復(fù)合句及其他101123112113考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容在一篇200詞左右的短文中留出10處空白,部分空白不給提示詞,要求考生只填一個(gè)詞;部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式,要求考生根據(jù)上下文寫出所提供單詞的正確形式。分析解讀1.語篇型填空考查形式分為給出提示詞和不給出提示詞兩種。①給出提示詞的包括:詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞與動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換等);形容詞比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的變化;名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化;動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及非謂語動(dòng)詞的各種形式等;②不給出提示詞的包括:根據(jù)上下文語境填入冠詞、連詞、介詞等。2.挖空一般比較均勻,所挖的空不會(huì)影響學(xué)生對(duì)短文的整體理解。3.對(duì)形容詞、副詞、謂語動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句、非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查已成為語篇型填空的熱點(diǎn)?！久}探究】(2017課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalmunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)1amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside2(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalmunitywastryingtofight.①

命題方法1.命題形式語篇型填空分為給出提示詞和不給出提示詞兩種。2.考查內(nèi)容考查范圍要覆蓋考綱規(guī)定的大部分內(nèi)容。精準(zhǔn)審題1.通讀全文,了解文意。為了應(yīng)對(duì)肥胖和心臟疾病,醫(yī)學(xué)界鼓勵(lì)大家食用低脂、少鹽的食物。但是如果過于極端的話,結(jié)果會(huì)適得其反。2.通過閱讀全文,大致了解設(shè)空處所涉及的語法點(diǎn)。解題步驟1.通讀全文了解文章話題,預(yù)測(cè)考點(diǎn)。2.無提示詞試題往往從考查冠詞、連詞、介詞方向考慮,有時(shí)也需要從考查助動(dòng)詞、副詞、代詞等方向考慮。3.有提示詞試題往往從考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、非謂語動(dòng)詞、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)以及幾大詞類間的構(gòu)詞法變化等方向考慮;如果提示詞是一個(gè)代詞,要從設(shè)空處在句中所作的句子成分及整個(gè)句子的意思來判斷。Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired3(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt4(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As5result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even6(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood7(be)fulloffatandsalt;by8(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.

Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點(diǎn)心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be9(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,10isnotgoodforthehealth.

高效解題一、無提示詞第1題:設(shè)空處在which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,該從句的先行詞為thistrend,將其代入定語從句為:Thistrendwasstartedbythemedicalmunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)1amethodoffightingheartdisease.設(shè)空處前為完整的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子,設(shè)空處后是amethod,由此可推出設(shè)空處應(yīng)為介詞。醫(yī)學(xué)界將其作為一種對(duì)抗心臟病的方法,設(shè)空處表示“作為”,故填介詞as。

第5題:asaresult為固定短語,故填冠詞a。第10題:設(shè)空處前為一個(gè)完整句子且有逗號(hào)與后面的句子隔開,由此可判斷本題考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞為前面的一句話,指“事物”,設(shè)空處在定語從句中作主語,故填which。二、有提示詞第2題:設(shè)空處作賓語,故填名詞形式;根據(jù)suchasoverweightandheartdisease可知:副作用有多種,故填effect的復(fù)數(shù)形式effects。第3題:根據(jù)requiresth.todosth.(需要某物做某事)以及其被動(dòng)形式sth.berequiredtodosth.(某物被要求做某事)的結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處填不定式形式(toprocess)。第4題:設(shè)空處在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,其前有主語fatandsalt,由此可判斷設(shè)空處應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞;主語與remove為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語態(tài);主語為復(fù)數(shù)概念,根據(jù)主謂一致原則,填areremoved。第6題:evenworse為固定結(jié)構(gòu),作為插入語引出更糟糕的事情。第7題:根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可判斷設(shè)空處作謂語;本句介紹快餐的特征,需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);主語為fastfood,故填is。第8題:介詞短語“by8(eat)morefastfood”作狀語,介詞by后需用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,故填eating。

第9題:設(shè)空處前為系動(dòng)詞be,由此可推斷設(shè)空處作表語,根據(jù)句意(然而,小心不要走極端)可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)為形容詞“小心的”,故填careful。【答案】1.as2.effects3.toprocess4.areremoved5.a6.worse7.is8.eating9.careful10.which【注釋】①Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalmunityasamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalmunitywastryingtofight.這種作為一種對(duì)抗心臟病的方法而被醫(yī)學(xué)界發(fā)起的趨勢(shì)已經(jīng)有了一些非計(jì)劃的副作用,如超重和心臟病——這正是醫(yī)學(xué)界正在努力對(duì)抗的事情。本句為復(fù)合句。句子主干為Thistrendhashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease。which為關(guān)系代詞,指代先行詞thistrend。themedicalmunitywastryingtofight為定語從句,修飾先行詞theverything?！疚迥旮呖肌縋assage1(2017課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible1(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand2work.Ittookthreeyearstopleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,3(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover4top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.

Steamengines5(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen6(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing7everyday.

Later,engineers8(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe9(introduce)ofelectricpoweredenginesandlifts.TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost10(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhitepaintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.

答案1.roduction10.successfulPassage2(2017課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,freshfacedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewAlevelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalfterm1(rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas2modelinNewYork.

Sarah3(tell)thatshecouldbeBritainsnewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfulltime.ButSarah,4hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants5(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher6(educate).

Shehasturneddownseveral7(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltimebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree8engineeringorarchitecture.

Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school9(e)first.Idontwanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis10(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.IdontwanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcantmodelanymore.”

答案1.resting2.a3.hasbeentold/cation7.invitations8.in9es10.certainlyPassage3(2017浙江)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall1(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda2(shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlonglostweddingring.

Pahlssonscreamed3loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“ShethoughtIhadhurt4(I),”saysPahlsson.

Sixteenyears5(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring6(cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadnt.Pahlssonandherhusband7(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.“Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,”shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.

Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot8(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,9itremaineduntilthecarrotsleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長)throughit.ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas10wonder.

答案1.carrots2.shiny/shining3.so4.myself5.earlier6.tocook7.searched8.swept9.where10.aPassage4(2016課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asiasbiggestbuildingandfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop1(attract).

SoitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenotforprofitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I2(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe3(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback4mydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s,5IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter6(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude7(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.

Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythreemontholdtwinthathadbeenrejectedby8(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew9(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottlefed,10otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.

答案1.roducing8.its9.days10.thePassage5(2016課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識(shí)別)thoseof1(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyoullfeelarealsenseof2(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow3(be)oftenacceptable.

Mostofusaremorefocused4ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive5possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingacplished.

Recent6(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks7(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor8while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.

Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,youllbelesslikely9(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,10(make)sureitsarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.

答案1.greater2.achievement3.is4.on5.as6.studies7.regularly8.a9.tobring10.makePassage6(2016課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InmuchofAsia,especiallythesocalled“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,1Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.

Chopsticksareusuallytwolong,thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplastic,animalboneormetal.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight2(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Skilledworkersalsobinevarioushardwoodsandmetal3(create)specialdesigns.

TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,4(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.Overtime,5thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich6(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.

SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,7livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe8(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand9(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.

ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat10theirhands.

答案1.and2.bemade3.tocreate4.using5.as/when6.gradually7.who8.development9.were10.withPassage7(2016上海)BagsofLoveLastyear,Iwasassignedtoworkatanofficenearmymothershouse,soIstayedwithherforamonth.Duringthattime,Ihelpedoutwiththehouseworkandcontributedtothegroceries.Afterlessthanaweek,Istartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunningoutprettyquickly—wewerealwayssuddenlyoutofsomething.1(wonder)howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.Tomysurprise,Ifoundthatshewouldpackapaperbagfullofcannedgoodsandheadouteverymorningataboutnine.Eventually,Idecidedtofollowherand2happenedtrulyamazedme.Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp,in3shedistributedittochildren.

Iaskedaroundandfoundoutthatmymumwasverywellknowninthearea.Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother.Thenithitme—whywouldshenotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe4(do)?WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstop5(buy)thegroceriesifIfoundout?

Whenshegothome,Itoldheraboutmydiscovery.6shecouldreact,Igaveherabighugandtoldhershedidntneedtokeepitasecret7me.Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.Foryears,mymumhasbeenhelpingoutbygivingthemwhateverfoodshecouldspare.Iwassoimpressedby8selflessshewas.

答案1.Wondering2.what3.which4.haddone5.buying6.Before7.from8.howPassage8(2016上海)Stress:GoodorBad?Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.Inrecentyears,stress1(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress2doesyouharm.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievelittle.Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the3(good)yourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byaskingyourself4numberofquestions.Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof5,andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor6(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?...Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes,youhadbetter7(control)yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.

Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc.Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150,youaretwiceaslikely8(get)ill.

答案1.hasbeenregarded2.that3.better4.a5.you6.annoyed7.control8.togetPassage9(2016四川)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thegiantpanda1(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.Chinesescientists2(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.Shewasavery3(care)mother.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething4(eat)!Shewouldnotletanyotherpandasenear.Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmightattractnatural5(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.6itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlefortingpats.Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda7morethantwoyears.Bythattime,thepandanolongerneeded8(it)motherforfood.However,itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysoftheforest.Then,aftertwoandahalfyears,themother9(drive)theyoungpandaaway.Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,10itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.

答案1.isloved2.recently3.caring/careful4.toeat5.enemies6.When/If7.for8.its9.drove10.andPassage10(2015課標(biāo)Ⅰ)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI1(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidntcare.Afewhours2,IdbeenathomeinHongKong,with3(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.

IdskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver4arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese5(painting).Instead,IdheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,itsonlyanhouraway6carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetterknowncity.

Yangshuo7(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers8(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbeingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysit9(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople10(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.

答案1.arrived2.before/earlier3.its4.that/which5.paintings6.by7.is8.conducted9.regularly10.livingPassage11(2015課標(biāo)Ⅱ)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theadobedwellings(土坯房)1(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven2mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir3(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout4(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat5(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough6(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;7thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle8(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As9(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly10thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.

答案1.built2.the3.ability4.using5.slowly6.tocool7.at8.goes9.natural10.howPassage12(2015廣東)閱讀下面短文,按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。Mr.Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned1farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.2(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearby3otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat4(leave).Thecowwastheironlymeansofsupport,infact.Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrass5itbegantorainheavily.Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she6(fall)overthehillanddied.ThentheJohnsonshadtomakealiving7thecow.Inordertosupporthisfamily,Mr.Johnsonbegantoplantherbsandvegetables.Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrow,hestartedcuttingdowntrees8(sell)thewood.Thinkingabouthischildrensclothes,hestartedgrowingcottontoo.Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket9peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.Nowitoccurredto10thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.

答案1.a2.Luckily3.for4.wasleft5.when6.fell7.without8.tosell9.where10.himPassage13(2014課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It1(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit2(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof3mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.

Buttheriverwasntchangedinafewdays4evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork5(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris6(clean)thanever.

Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit7isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordontknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,dontyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?

Whilethereare8(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe9(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe10(patience).

答案1.was2.actually3.the4.or5.toreduce6.cleaner7.that/which8.amazing9.changes10.patientPassage14(2014課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout1(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,2someofthemlookedveryanxiousand3(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext4thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike5(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused6(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept7(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“8anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!Its9(I).”Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers10(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.

答案1.being2.and3.disappointed4.to5.caught6.tostop7.riding8.Did9.me/mine10.suddenlyPassage15(2014廣東)閱讀下面短文,按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid1wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent,wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame,wewereready.

Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths2(early),butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We3(tell)thatourroomshadntbeenreservedforthatweek,4fortheweekafter.Ididntunderstand5thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged6thereservation.Whatsworse,thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewas7(surprise)helpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon8topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchanamazingroom,andwewerentchargedextra.

Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach9wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle10(sunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidntmind.

答案1.it2.earlier3.weretold4.but5.why/how6.for7.surprisingly8.the9.where10.sunburnt/sunburnedPassage16(2013廣東)閱讀下面短文,按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。Oneday,Nickinvitedhisfriendstosupper.Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly,he1(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.SoNickcalledtohisson,“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit:neithertoomuch2toolittle.”

Hissonlookedsurprised.“IcanunderstandwhyIshouldntpaytoomuch,Father,butifIcanpayless,3notsaveabitofmoney?”

“Thatwouldbeavery4(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,”Nicksaid.

Nicksguests,5hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.Nickreplied,“Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsalt6alowerpricewouldbebecausehewasdesperateformoney.Andanyonewhotookadvantageofthatsituationwouldbeshowingalackofrespect7thesweatandstruggleofthemanwhoworkedveryhardtoproduceit.”

“Butsuchasmallthingcouldnt8(possible)destroyavillage.”

“Inthebeginning,therewasonly9verysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always10(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”

答案1.found2.nor3.why4.reasonable5.who6.at7.for8.possibly9.a10.thinking【三年模擬】A組2016—2018年模擬·基礎(chǔ)題組Passage1(2018河南漯河二模)OverandoveragainImeetbabiesdesperately1(try)to“read”amagazinewithfingers.Iamconstantlyshocked:Howcantheseparentsstayateasewhentheirkids2(harm)somuchbytechnology?Howonearthcantheynotknowwhatamagazineisinotherways?

ResearchersfromCanadalookedatthis.Theresultswerenotgood,especiallyforyoungerchildren.Theyfoundthatparentswhousedtechnologytoomuchnegativelyaffectedtheir3(children)senseofsecurity.Besides,babiesneedimagination,notinstantsatisfaction,whichis4screensoftenprovide.“Babiesareoftendistressedandputintobadmoodwhentheyturntotheirparent5aconnectionanddiscovertheparentisuninterested,”theywrote.

Beinginvolvedintoomanyelectronicdevices(設(shè)備)6(be)bad.Buttheideathatparentsshouldspendalloftheirfreetimeensuringkidsarewelldevelopedisactuallyamodernconcept—andan7(absolute)unrealisticone.OurkidswilljustbefineifwehandovertheiPadatarestauranttohaveagrownupconversation.

Imcertainlynotarguingthathoursuponhoursofscreentimeisagoodideaforkids,8thatweshouldnttrytohavetheirview9(broad).Butwhoamongusdidntgiveourparents10muchneededweekendbreakbysittinginfrontofSaturdaymorningcartoons?

答案1.trying2.areharmed3.childrens4.what5.for6.is7.absolutely8.or9.broadened10.aPassage2(2018福建德化一中等三校聯(lián)考)Mymotherisahardworkingandkindwoman,whoisverybusyfrommorningtillnight.Besidesworkinghard1ateacher,shetakesgoodcareofusandgivesuseveryfort.BothmybrotherandIloveheras2(deep)asshelovesus.

Mothergoestoworkearlyinthemorninganddoesnotreturnhome3lateintheafternoon.Shelovesherstudentsandcaresforthembytreatingthemwith4(patient)andteachingthemwell.Forherexcellentwork,she5(choose)asamodelteacherseveraltimes.

Motherishardworkingandneverwastesmoney.Everyday,shesetsaboutdoinghouseworkassoonassheesbackhomefromwork,6(put)everythingingoodorder.Shehasbeenworkingveryhardovertheyears,7makesherlookolderthanherage.However,shelooksas8(cheer)andhappyasusual.Sheneverbuysexpensivedressesfor9(she),andshejusteatsasimplemealoutsidewhensheistoobusy10(cook).Shelivesabusybutsimplelife,withoutanyplaints.

Motherisgreatindeed,andIalwaysfeelproudofher.答案1.as2.deeply3.until4.patience5.hasbeenchosen6.putting7.which8.cheerful9.herself10.tocookPassage3(2018陜西45校一次聯(lián)考)Selfconfidentpeopleareadmired1othersandinspireconfidenceinothers.Theyknowthatnomatterwhatdifficultiesetheirway,theyhavetheability2(solve)them.Selfconfidentpeopletendtoseetheirlivesinapositivelightevenwhenthingsarentgoingsowell,andtheyaretypically3(satisfy)withthemselves.Wouldnt4beamazingtohavethiskindofselfconfidence?Guesswhat?Youcan.

Selfconfidencecanbelearned,practicedandmastered—justlikeany5skill.Youcanbeginbychangingyourbodylanguage.Justthesimpleactof6(pull)yourshouldersbackgivesothersthe7(impress)thatyouareaconfidentperson.Next,lookatthepersonyouaretalkingto—keepingeyecontact8(show)confidence.Last,speakslowly.Researchhasprovedthatthosewhotaketimetospeakslowlyand9(clear)feelmoreselfconfident.Theaddedbonusisthattheywillactuallybeabletounderstand10youaresaying.

答案1.by2.tosolve3.satisfied4.it5.other6.pulling7.impression8.shows9.clearly10.whatPassage4(2018安徽師大附中四次月考)Areyoutoooldforfairytales?Ifyouthink1,Copenhagenissuretochangeyourmind.

Seethecityfirstfromthewater.IntheharborsitsDenmarksbestknownlandmark:theLittleMermaid.Rememberher?ShelefttheworldoftheseainsearchofahumansoulinoneofAndersenspopular2(fantasy).Fromtheharboryoucangetafeelforthe3(attraction)“cityofgreenspires”.Attwilight(黃昏)orincloudyweather,thespiresofoldcastlesandchurcheslendthecityadreamlikeatmosphere.Youllthinkyouvesteppedintoawatercolorpainting.

Churchesandcastlesarealmostallthatareleftoverintheoriginalcity.Copenhagenbecame4capitalofDenmarkin1445.Duringthelate16thcentury,tradegrew,andsodidthecity.Butfiresin1728and17955(terrible)destroyedtheoldwoodenstructures.Muchofwhatweseetoday6(date)fromthe19thandearly20thcenturies.

Copenhagenwasthefirstcity7(declare)astreetforpedestriansonly.Thecityhasthe8(little)trafficnoiseandpollutionamongEuropeancapitals.9yourefrom,youcanetodance,dine,andtakeinoutdoorandindoorconcerts.Evenwithoutmoney,youcanstillenjoytheproudoldtrees,thecolorednightlightsandthebeautifulgardens.Youmightfeelasifyou10(be)inafairytale.

答案1.so2.fantasies3.attractive4.the5.terribly6.dates7.todeclare8.least9.Wherever10.werePassage5(2018遼寧莊河高中,沈陽二十中一次聯(lián)考)InrecentyearsmanyTVshowshavebeeextremelypopularamongChineseaudience.Thoseprograms,1(range)fromtalentordatingshowstorealityshows,2(receive)bothmercialsuccessandpublicattention.

Theirpopularityis3(main)basedonsimplefacts.First,theycareaboutsocialconcerns.Second,withoutexception,theyexploreaperfectbalancebetweentheinternationalformsandChineseexpressions.

Despiteapparenthighlights,muchroom4(leave)forimprovement.Aboveall,mercialinterestsoftenoutweigh5(education)purposes,causingmany6(plain)abouttheunbearableadvertisements.Inaddition,somesharpremarks,7theyareeyecatching,mayhavemisleadingeffects8theyouth.

Inmyopinion,suchshowsshouldshouldermoreresponsibilityinsteadofmerely9(entertain)thepublic.10isexpected,theseprogramsshouldbepositiveintheirformsaswellasfunctions.Meanwhile,themediashouldalsosafeguardthevaluesofoursociety.

答案1.cational6plaints7.though/although8.on9.entertaining10.AsPassage6(2018江西師大附中月考)BythetimeJimgottoalittletown,everyhotelroom1(take).“Youhavetogivemearoomsomewhere,”hesaidtothemanageratthehotel,“2justabed—Idontcarewhere.”

“Well,Idohaveadoubleroomwithoneguest,”3(admit)themanager,“andhemightbegladtosplit(分擔(dān))thecost.Buttotellyou4truth,hesnores5loudlythatpeopleinthenextroomhaveplained6(late).Imnotsureifitwouldbeworthittoyou.”

“Noproblem.”Jimassuredhim.“Illtake7.”

ThenextmorningJimcamedowntobreakfastbrighteyed.“Howdidyousleep?”askedthemanager.“Neverbetter.”Themanagerwasimpressed.“Noproblemwiththeotherguysnoring,then?”“No,Ishuthimup8notime,”saidJim.

“Howdidyoumanagethat?”askedthemanager.“Didyougivehimsomemedicinetostopthesnoring?”“No,Ididnt.Buthereis9Idid.HewasalreadyinbedwhenIwentintotheroom,”Jimexplained.“Iwentover,gavehimakissontheforehead,andsaid,‘Goodnight,dear,’andhesatupallnight10(watch)me.”

答案1.hadbeentaken2.or3.admitted4.the5.so6.lately7.it8.in9.what10.watchingPassage7(2017山西太原一模)Amouse,becauseofan1(luck)chance,madeclosefriendswithanevilfrog.Oneday,2frogplayedatrickonthemouseby3(tie)afootofthemousetohisown.Atfirst,bothofthemjoinedtogetherandthefrog4(lead)hisfriendtowardsthepoolinwhichhelived,anddidntstop5hereachedthesideofthewater.Thenthefrogsuddenlyjumpedintothewaterandthemousewaspulledinwith6(he).Thefrogenjoyedthewaterandswaminitaround,happilycrying7ifhehaddoneagreatdeed.Theunhappymousediedsooninthewater,andhisdeadbodyfloatedaroundonthesurface,8(fasten)tothefootofthefrog.Ahawksawthedeadmouse,suddenlyflewdowntowardshim,caughthimandflewaway.Thefrog,stilltiedtothefootofthemouse,wasalsocarriedoffasa9(