綜合試卷第=PAGE1*2-11頁(yè)（共=NUMPAGES1*22頁(yè)） 綜合試卷第=PAGE1*22頁(yè)（共=NUMPAGES1*22頁(yè)）PAGE①姓名所在地區(qū)姓名所在地區(qū)身份證號(hào)密封線(xiàn)1.請(qǐng)首先在試卷的標(biāo)封處填寫(xiě)您的姓名，身份證號(hào)和所在地區(qū)名稱(chēng)。2.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀各種題目的回答要求，在規(guī)定的位置填寫(xiě)您的答案。3.不要在試卷上亂涂亂畫(huà)，不要在標(biāo)封區(qū)內(nèi)填寫(xiě)無(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容。一、WordDefinition1.Import

Question:Whatisthetermforthegoodsandservicesbroughtintoacountryfromabroad?

Answer:Import

Explanation:Theterm"import"referstothegoodsandservicesthatarepurchasedfromforeigncountriesandbroughtintoadomesticcountryforsaleoruse.

2.Export

Question:Whatisthetermforthegoodsandservicessoldtoforeigncountriesadomesticcountry?

Answer:Export

Explanation:"Export"isthetermusedtodescribethegoodsandservicesproducedinonecountryandsoldtobuyersinothercountries.

3.Tradebalance

Question:Whatistheeconomicmeasurethatparesacountry'stotalexportstoitstotalimports?

Answer:Tradebalance

Explanation:Thetradebalanceisthedifferencebetweenthevalueofacountry'sexportsandthevalueofitsimports.

4.Tradebarrier

Question:Whatisageneraltermforanymeasureusedagovernmenttorestrictforeigntrade?

Answer:Tradebarrier

Explanation:Atradebarrierisanypolicyorregulationthatmakesitmoredifficultorexpensiveforforeigngoodstoenteradomesticmarket.

5.Marketaccess

Question:Whatisthetermfortheconditionsunderwhichforeigngoodscanenteradomesticmarket?

Answer:Marketaccess

Explanation:Marketaccessreferstotheeasewithwhichforeigngoodscanbeimportedintoacountry'smarket.

6.Tariff

Question:Whatisataximposedonimportedgoods?

Answer:Tariff

Explanation:Atariffisataxongoodsthatareimportedintoacountry,whichcanincreasethepriceofthosegoods.

7.Quota

Question:Whatisalimitplacedontheamountofaparticulargoodthatcanbeimportedintoacountry?

Answer:Quota

Explanation:Aquotaisagovernmentimposedlimitonthequantityofaparticulargoodthatcanbeimportedintoacountry.

8.Customsunion

Question:Whatisanagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriersbetweenthem?

Answer:Customsunion

Explanation:Acustomsunionisanagreementamongcountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriersandestablishamonexternaltariffagainstnonmembercountries.

9.Freetradearea

Question:Whatisanagreementbetweencountriestoeliminatetradebarriersbetweenthem?

Answer:Freetradearea

Explanation:Afreetradeareaisaregionwheremembercountrieshaveagreedtoeliminatetariffsandothertradebarriersamongthemselves.

10.Customsunion

Question:Whatisthetermforanagreementamongcountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriersbetweenthem?

Answer:Customsunion

Explanation:Thisisarepetitionofthepreviousquestionandanswerpair.

11.Tradedeficit

Question:Whatisthetermforasituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports?

Answer:Tradedeficit

Explanation:Atradedeficitoccurswhenacountry'simportsofgoodsandservicesaregreaterthanitsexports.

12.Tradesurplus

Question:Whatisthetermforasituationwhereacountry'sexportsexceeditsimports?

Answer:Tradesurplus

Explanation:Atradesurplusisapositivebalanceoftrade,wherethevalueofexportsisgreaterthanthevalueofimports.

13.Tradeagreement

Question:Whatisaformalcontractbetweencountriesthatsetsoutthetermsoftradebetweenthem?

Answer:Tradeagreement

Explanation:Atradeagreementisalegallybindingcontractbetweentwoormorecountriesthatgovernsthetermsoftradebetweenthem.

14.Tradewar

Question:Whatisasituationwheretwoormorecountriesengageinaseriesofretaliatorytariffsandtradebarriers?

Answer:Tradewar

Explanation:Atradewarisaneconomicconflictbetweentwoormorecountriescharacterizedtheimpositionofretaliatorytariffsandtradebarriers.

15.Tradepolicy

Question:Whatisthetermforthesetofrulesandregulationsthatagovernmentusestocontrolitstradewithothercountries?

Answer:Tradepolicy

Explanation:Tradepolicyreferstotherulesandregulationsthatagovernmentimplementstocontrolandmanageitsinternationaltrade.

16.WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)

Question:Whatistheinternationalorganizationresponsibleforregulatingandfacilitatinginternationaltrade?

Answer:WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)

Explanation:TheWTOisanintergovernmentalorganizationthatdealswiththeglobalrulesoftradebetweennations.

17.Bilateraltrade

Question:Whatisthetermfortradebetweentwocountries?

Answer:Bilateraltrade

Explanation:Bilateraltradereferstotheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweentwocountries.

18.Multilateraltrade

Question:Whatisthetermfortradeinvolvingmorethantwocountries?

Answer:Multilateraltrade

Explanation:Multilateraltradeinvolvestheexchangeofgoodsandservicesamongthreeormorecountries.二、FillintheBlanks1.Thebarriersbetweentwocountriescanbeinfluencedtariffsandquotas.

2.A(n)organizationsuchastheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)isaninternationalorganizationthataimstopromotefreetrade.

3.Whenthevalueofexportsisgreaterthanthevalueofimports,itisknownasatradesurplus.

4.Thetariffofaproductisthedutyimposedonimportedgoods.

5.A(n)tradeagreementisanagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreducetradebarriers.

6.Thevolumeofacountry'stradewithanothercountryiscalledtradebalance.

7.Theexchangeofgoodsbetweencountriesisessentialforeconomicgrowth.

8.A(n)importquotaisaneconomicpolicythatlimitsthequantityofagoodthatcanbeimported.

答案及解題思路：

1.答案：barriers

解題思路：根據(jù)題意，兩國(guó)間的貿(mào)易通常受到各種貿(mào)易壁壘的影響，如關(guān)稅和配額等。因此，此處應(yīng)填“barriers”。

2.答案：organization

解題思路：題目要求填寫(xiě)一個(gè)旨在促進(jìn)自由貿(mào)易的國(guó)際組織名稱(chēng)。世界貿(mào)易組織（WTO）是這樣一個(gè)組織，但根據(jù)要求不填寫(xiě)具體名稱(chēng)，只需填寫(xiě)一般性名詞“organization”。

3.答案：tradesurplus

解題思路：當(dāng)一個(gè)國(guó)家的出口額超過(guò)其進(jìn)口額時(shí)，這種情況被稱(chēng)為貿(mào)易順差，即貿(mào)易盈余。因此，此處應(yīng)填“tradesurplus”。

4.答案：tariff

解題思路：題目詢(xún)問(wèn)的是對(duì)進(jìn)口商品征收的稅項(xiàng)。關(guān)稅（tariff）是一種對(duì)進(jìn)口商品征收的稅收，因此此處應(yīng)填“tariff”。

5.答案：tradeagreement

解題思路：為了減少貿(mào)易壁壘，國(guó)家之間通常會(huì)簽訂貿(mào)易協(xié)定。此處應(yīng)填“tradeagreement”。

6.答案：volume;tradebalance

解題思路：一國(guó)與另一國(guó)的貿(mào)易量是指兩國(guó)間商品和服務(wù)交換的總量，而貿(mào)易平衡是指在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)一國(guó)的出口總額與進(jìn)口總額之間的比較。因此，此處應(yīng)填寫(xiě)“volume”和“tradebalance”。

7.答案：exchange

解題思路：題目強(qiáng)調(diào)的是國(guó)家間商品交換的重要性，即“exchange”。

8.答案：importquota

解題思路：進(jìn)口配額（importquota）是一種限制進(jìn)口商品數(shù)量的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，因此此處應(yīng)填“importquota”。三、TrueorFalse1.Anexportisagoodproducedinonecountryandsoldtoanother.

Answer:True

Explanation:Anexportreferstogoodsorservicesproducedinonecountryandsoldtoanothercountry,whichisafundamentalconceptininternationaltrade.

2.Atradedeficitoccurswhenacountry'simportsaregreaterthanitsexports.

Answer:True

Explanation:Atradedeficitisasituationwherethevalueofacountry'simportsexceedsthevalueofitsexports,indicatinganetoutflowofforeigncurrency.

3.Tariffsaretaxesimposedonimportedgoodstoprotectdomesticindustries.

Answer:True

Explanation:Tariffsareindeedtaxesleviedonimportedgoods,andtheyareoftenusedasapolicytooltoprotectdomesticindustriesfromforeignpetition.

4.Acustomsunionisagroupofcountriesthathaveagreedtoeliminatetradebarriersbetweenthem.

Answer:True

Explanation:Acustomsunionisanagreementbetweenmultiplecountriestoremovetariffsandtradebarriersamongthemselves,andoftentoadoptamonexternaltariffonimportsfromnonmembercountries.

5.TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)isresponsibleforsettingglobaltraderules.

Answer:True

Explanation:TheWTOisaninternationalorganizationthatdealswiththeglobalrulesoftradebetweennations,aimingtocreateamoreopen,fair,andpredictabletradingenvironment.

6.Aquotaisalimitontheamountofagoodthatcanbeimportedintoacountry.

Answer:True

Explanation:Aquotaisatypeoftraderestrictionthatsetsamaximumlimitonthequantityofagoodthatcanbeimportedintoacountry,usuallytoprotectdomesticindustriesortomanagebalanceofpayments.

7.Atradeagreementisanagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreducetradebarriers.

Answer:True

Explanation:Atradeagreementisapactbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarrierssuchastariffs,quotas,andsubsidies,therefosteringeconomiccooperation.

8.Bilateraltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweentwocountries.

Answer:True

Explanation:Bilateraltradespecificallyreferstotheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweenjusttwocountries,asopposedtomultilateraltrade,whichinvolvesthreeormorecountries.四、Matching1.Tradedeficit

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

2.Tariff

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

3.Marketaccess

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

4.Customsunion

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

5.Freetradearea

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

6.Tradeagreement

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

7.Bilateraltrade

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

8.Multilateraltrade

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

答案及解題思路：

答案：

1.A

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.E

6.F

7.G

8.H

解題思路：

仔細(xì)閱讀每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的定義，并與題干中的術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行匹配。

確定每個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)最符合的定義，并選擇相應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)。

例如"Tradedeficit"的定義是“一個(gè)國(guó)家的進(jìn)口超過(guò)其出口的情況”，因此與選項(xiàng)(A)匹配。同樣地，"Tariff"的定義是“對(duì)進(jìn)口商品征收的稅”，與選項(xiàng)(B)匹配。

對(duì)于每個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其定義選擇最合適的選項(xiàng)。五、MultipleChoice1.Whichofthefollowingisatradebarrier?

a)Tariff

b)Subsidy

c)Importquota

d)Noneoftheabove

2.ThemaingoaloftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)isto:

a)Eliminatealltradebarriers

b)Promotefairtradepractices

c)Regulateglobaltrade

d)Noneoftheabove

3.Whenthevalueofexportsisgreaterthanthevalueofimports,itisknownas:

a)Tradesurplus

b)Tradedeficit

c)Tradewar

d)Noneoftheabove

4.WhichofthefollowingcountriesisnotpartoftheEuropeanUnion(EU)?

a)Germany

b)UnitedKingdom

c)UnitedStates

d)Noneoftheabove

5.Themostmonformoftradeagreementis:

a)Bilateraltradeagreement

b)Multilateraltradeagreement

c)Customsunion

d)Noneoftheabove

答案及解題思路：

1.a)Tariff

解題思路：Tradebarriersarerestrictionsplacedontheimportsorexportsofgoodsandservices.Tariffs,whicharetaxesonimportedgoods,areamontradebarrier.Subsidiesandimportquotasarealsoformsoftradebarriers,buttheyarenottypicallycategorizedasbarriersinthesamewayastariffs.

2.b)Promotefairtradepractices

解題思路：TheprimaryobjectiveoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)istopromoteandfacilitatetradeonalevelplayingfieldensuringthatallcountriesadheretothesamerulesandregulations,therepromotingfairtradepractices.

3.a)Tradesurplus

解題思路：Atradesurplusoccurswhenacountry'sexportsexceeditsimports,leadingtoanetpositivebalanceoftrade.Atradedeficitistheopposite,whereimportsexceedexports.

4.c)UnitedStates

解題思路:TheEuropeanUnion(EU)isapoliticalandeconomicunionof27memberstatesthatarelocatedprimarilyinEurope.GermanyandtheUnitedKingdomarebothmembersoftheEU,whiletheUnitedStatesisnotpartoftheEU.

5.b)Multilateraltradeagreement

解題思路:Multilateraltradeagreementsinvolvemultiplecountries.Bilateraltradeagreementsinvolveonlytwocountries,andacustomsunionisaspecifictypeofregionaltradeagreementwheremembercountriesagreetoeliminatetariffsamongthemselvesandtreatnonmembercountriesasasingleentityfortradepurposes.Multilateraltradeagreementsarethemostmonbecausetheyinvolvemorepartiesandcanpotentiallyprovidebroadereconomicbenefits.六、EssayQuestions1.Explainthedifferencebetweenatariffandaquota.

Tariffsandquotasarebothtradebarriersusedgovernmentstoprotectdomesticindustriesandregulateinternationaltrade,buttheyoperateindifferentwaysandhavedifferentimpactsonthemarket.

Tariffsaretaxesimposedonimportedgoods,increasingtheirpriceinthedomesticmarket.Theyaretypicallyusedtogeneraterevenueforthegovernmentandtomakeforeigngoodslesspetitiveparedtodomesticproducts.

Quotas,ontheotherhand,arerestrictionsonthequantityofgoodsthatcanbeimportedintoacountry.Theydirectlylimittheamountofforeigngoodsavailableinthedomesticmarket,potentiallyleadingtohigherpricesandreducedsupply.

Whiletariffsareusuallyapercentageoftheimportvalue,quotasarefixednumbersoramounts.Tariffsaremoretransparentandcanbeadjustedovertime,whereasquotasareoftenmorerigidandcancreateshortages.

2.Discusstheimpactofglobalizationoninternationaltrade.

Globalizationhassignificantlyimpactedinternationaltrade,leadingtobothopportunitiesandchallenges.

Positiveimpactsincludeincreasedmarketaccess,greaterefficiencythroughspecialization,andthespreadoftechnologyandknowledge.

Negativeimpactsmightincludejobdisplacementincertainsectors,increasedineinequality,andthepotentialforenvironmentaldegradationduetothepursuitofeconomicgrowthatanycost.

Thebalancebetweentheseimpactscanvarygreatlyamongcountriesandregions,withsomebenefitingmorethanothers.

3.Whatarethebenefitsanddrawbacksofjoiningacustomsunion?

Acustomsunionisanagreementbetweenmultiplecountriestoremoveinternaltradebarriersandapplyamonexternaltariffonimportsfromoutsidetheunion.

Benefitsincludethecreationofalargersinglemarket,increasedefficiencythroughreducedcustomschecks,andthepotentialforeconomiesofscale.

Drawbacksincludethelossofautonomyinsettingtradepolicies,potentialinefficienciesinmanagingamonexternaltariff,andthepotentialfortradediversion,wheretradeshiftsfromthemostefficientsourcetoamemberoftheunionduetolowertariffs.

4.AnalyzetheroleoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)inpromotinginternationaltrade.

TheWTOplaysacrucialroleinpromotinginternationaltradethroughitsagreementsanddisputeresolutionmechanisms.

Itestablishesandenforcesrulesthatpromotefreeandfairtrade,includingreducingtariffs,eliminatingquotas,andensuringtransparencyintradepractices.

TheWTOprovidesaplatformfornegotiationanddisputeresolution,whichhelpstoresolvetradeconflictsandmaintainastableinternationaltradingsystem.

Italsoofferstechnicalassistanceandtrainingtodevelopingcountriestohelpthemintegrateintotheglobaltradingsystem.

5.Explainhowtradepoliciescanaffectacountry'seconomicgrowth.

Tradepoliciescansignificantlyinfluenceacountry'seconomicgrowth,dependingontheirnatureandimplementation.

Protectionistpolicies,suchastariffsandquotas,canshielddomesticindustriesfromforeignpetition,allowingthemtogrowandpotentiallyleadtoeconomicdevelopment.

However,thesepoliciescanalsoleadtoinefficiencies,higherpricesforconsumers,andreducedpetition,whichcanultimatelyhindereconomicgrowth.

Freetradepolicies,ontheotherhand,canfostereconomicgrowthpromotingefficiency,innovation,andaccesstolargermarkets.

Theimpactoftradepoliciesoneconomicgrowthisplexanddependsonvariousfactors,includingthecountry'seconomicstructure,thepetitivenessofitsindustries,andthebalancebetweenshorttermprotectionandlongtermgrowth.七、CaseStudies1.CaseStudy:TheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA)

a.WhatweretheprimaryobjectivesofNAFTAwhenitwasestablishedin1994?

b.DiscusstheimpactofNAFTAontheeconomicrelationsbetweentheUnitedStates,Canada,andMexico.

c.IdentifyatleasttwochallengesthatNAFTAfacedandexplainhowthesechallengesaffectedtheagreement.

2.CaseStudy:TheTransPacificPartnership(TPP)

a.ListthecountriesthatwereoriginallypartoftheTransPacificPartnership.

b.WhatwerethekeyfeaturesoftheTPPthatsetitapartfromothertradeagreements?

c.ExplainthereasonsbehindtheUnitedStates'withdrawalfromtheTPPanditsimplicationsfortheagreement.

3.CaseStudy:TheEuropeanUnion(EU)

a.DescribetheprocessofformingtheEuropeanUnionanditsprimarygoals.

b.DiscusstheimpactoftheEUontheeconomiesofitsmemberstates.

c.IdentifyasignificanteconomicpolicyorinitiativeimplementedtheEUandanalyzeitseffectiveness.

4.CaseStudy:TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)

a.ExplaintheroleoftheWTOininternationaltradeanditsstructure.

b.DiscusstheWTO'sDisputeSettlementMechanismanditsimportanceinresolvingtradedisputes.

c.ProvideanexampleofamajortradedisputethatwasresolvedthroughtheWTO'smechanisms.

5.CaseStudy:TheUnitedStatesChinaTradeWar

a.DescribethemainissuesthatledtotheinitiationoftheU.S.Chinatradewar.

b.DiscusstheimpactofthetradewaronboththeU.S.andChineseeconomies.

c.Identifytheoutesofthetra