【暑假輔導(dǎo)班】新高二英語(yǔ)暑假精品課程（人教版）第1講動(dòng)詞-ing的用法動(dòng)詞-ing形式不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,但可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),還有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。動(dòng)詞-ing形式由動(dòng)詞加-ing變化而成,它同時(shí)具有名詞和動(dòng)詞的特征,在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。構(gòu)成:v.+-ing,如do-doing,be-being,ask-asking,etc.否定式not(never)+v.+-ing,如notknowing...完成式havingdone被動(dòng)式beingdone,havingbeendone*Anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoach.(動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ))任何想競(jìng)走的人或許首先應(yīng)該和教練商量一下。*(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.(動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ))把英語(yǔ)當(dāng)做一門(mén)第二語(yǔ)言來(lái)學(xué)可能是一個(gè)很痛苦的經(jīng)歷。*(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.(動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ))研究人員讓100名志愿者用智能鍵盤(pán)敲擊單詞“touch”四次。一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)表示所修飾詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),被修飾詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。單個(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),放在被修飾詞前;現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),則放在被修飾詞后。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800caloriesperhour.以每小時(shí)六英里的速度移動(dòng)的競(jìng)走者每小時(shí)燃燒大約800卡路里。*(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Ifyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligibleforthisprogram.如果你是生活在本省某些地方的青少年,你就可能符合這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的條件。注：beingdone表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),作定語(yǔ)時(shí),常用于被修飾詞之后。TheWanderingEarthbeingshownthesedaysisreallyagoodmovie.這幾天正在被放映的電影《流浪地球》確實(shí)是部好電影。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)表屬性、作用或用途表示名詞的屬性、作用或用途,作“供……用”講,相當(dāng)于介詞for短語(yǔ),常置于被修飾的名詞前。*(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)TheanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.(=theareaforcamping)如果你露營(yíng)地的空氣質(zhì)量很好,答案是一個(gè)大大的YES。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine.他們共同使用一個(gè)前門(mén)和一臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)。3.作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞,許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)的。常見(jiàn)的有:moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing等,這類(lèi)分詞有“令人……的”的含義,常修飾物。*(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.對(duì)于航天員來(lái)說(shuō),細(xì)菌是一個(gè)令人很惱火的問(wèn)題。注：動(dòng)詞-ing形式、過(guò)去分詞和不定式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別是:動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)行或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成意義;不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。*Theproblembeingdiscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.(表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)會(huì)上正在討論的問(wèn)題非常重要。*Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.(表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)會(huì)上討論過(guò)的問(wèn)題非常重要。*Theproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.(表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生)會(huì)上將要討論的問(wèn)題非常重要。二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式包括動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞,兩者都可作表語(yǔ),但有所區(qū)別。1.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系,表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換位置。*Whatworriesmemostisherstayingtoolateeverynight.(=Herstayingtoolateeverynightiswhatworriesmemost.)最使我擔(dān)心的是她每天熬夜到很晚。*Myfavouritesportisswimming.(=Swimmingismyfavouritesport.)我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳。2.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ),表明的是主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征,主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的位置不可互換。*Thenewsisquiteshocking.這消息很令人震驚。注：動(dòng)名詞與動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般性的動(dòng)作;動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)表示一次具體的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事。*Hishobbyispainting.他的愛(ài)好是畫(huà)畫(huà)。(一般性的動(dòng)作)*Todaywhathewantstodoistopaint.今天他想要做的事是畫(huà)畫(huà)。(具體的動(dòng)作)三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式置于某些及物動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)之后,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在這種情況下,及物動(dòng)詞通常是表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞。*(2019·江蘇高考)AMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.一位墨西哥農(nóng)民驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)從他的一小塊地里冒出了煙。*IfeltmyheartbeatingviolentlywhenIwasseeingthe70thanniversaryoffoundationofChina.我看中國(guó)建國(guó)70周年慶典的時(shí)候,感到心潮澎湃。1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式在感官動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官動(dòng)詞后,用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)程或一種狀態(tài)。*Inthecrowdedcafe,Iheardafriendlyvoicesaying,“Youcansharemytable.”在一個(gè)擁擠的咖啡館,我聽(tīng)到一個(gè)友好的聲音在說(shuō):“你可以和我坐在一桌。”*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”Dr.Jubilado說(shuō):“我能看到他們確實(shí)在海底走?！弊ⅲ涸趕ee,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官動(dòng)詞后,既可用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),也可用省略to的不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),兩者之間有一定的區(qū)別。用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式時(shí),表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;用省略to的不定式時(shí),表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了,即動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程結(jié)束了。*Todayonmywayhome,Isawamanrunningalongthestreethurriedly.今天在我回家的路上,我看到一個(gè)男人正匆忙地從街上跑過(guò)。*Isawhimentertheroomandtakesomethingaway.我看到他進(jìn)入房間,并拿著東西離開(kāi)了。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式在使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。使役動(dòng)詞接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示“讓……一直做某事”。*It’scold.Weshouldhavethefireburningallthetime.天氣冷。我們本應(yīng)該讓火一直燃燒著。*Iwon’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允許你一直在房間里跑來(lái)跑去。注：(1)have/get+賓語(yǔ)+done,done是過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。包括兩層意思:①讓別人去做某事。*Hewillhave/getthecomputerrepairedtomorrow.他明天讓人給他修電腦。②(主語(yǔ))遭受到(意外的損失或不幸)。*Hehad/gothiscomputerstolentheotherday.前幾天他的電腦被偷了。(2)have+賓語(yǔ)+dosth.意思是“讓某人去做某事”。*Motherhasmegototheshoptobuysomefruit.媽媽讓我去商店買(mǎi)一些水果。(3)leave(使……處于某種狀態(tài)),keep(使……保持某種狀態(tài))后一般跟分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),而不跟動(dòng)詞不定式。*Manyteacherskeepparentsinformedofchildren’sperformanceinthekindergartenbysharingvideosonWeChat.許多老師通過(guò)在微信上分享視頻讓家長(zhǎng)知曉孩子們?cè)谟變簣@的表現(xiàn)。3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用。在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作“正在進(jìn)行”。*SingingYoudon’tknowlove,FaHai,shethrewthetortoiseintotheriver,withtearsfillinghereyes.她唱著《法海你不懂愛(ài)》,把那只烏龜扔進(jìn)了河里,眼里滿(mǎn)是淚水。*(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)DoesKilimanjarodeserveitsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?乞力馬扎羅山是一座擁擠的山,成群的游客一直破壞它寧?kù)o的氣氛,它還值得(享有)它的聲譽(yù)嗎?注：在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,也可以使用過(guò)去分詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。*Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門(mén)在房里工作。*Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗這些衣服,我無(wú)法出去了。四、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞,在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨等。-ing形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)多位于句首;作結(jié)果、伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常位于句末。*SwallowingLittleRedHat,thewolfwenttobedandslept.大灰狼吞下了小紅帽,然后上床睡覺(jué)了。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))*IfeelproudknowingyourinterestinChinesehistory.得知你對(duì)中國(guó)歷史感興趣我很高興。(原因狀語(yǔ))1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示時(shí)間。*(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Hearingthesestories,I’mskepticalabouttheplace.(=WhenIheardthesestories...)當(dāng)我聽(tīng)到這些故事的時(shí)候,我對(duì)這個(gè)地方有點(diǎn)懷疑。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示原因。*Notknowinghisaddress,Ican’tsendthisbooktohim.(=AsIdon’tknowhisaddress...)因?yàn)椴恢浪牡刂?我不能把這本書(shū)寄給他。3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示結(jié)果。*Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.(=...andlefthimalotofmoney)他父親死了,留給他許多錢(qián)。4.動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示條件。*Goingstraightdowntheroad,youwillfindthedepartmentstore.(=Ifyougostraightdowntheroad...)順著這條路一直走,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那家百貨商店。5.動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示讓步。Beingtired,theywentonworking.(Althoughtheyweretired...)盡管很累了,可他們繼續(xù)工作。6.動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示行為方式、伴隨或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。*Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.(=...andstaredattheskyforalongtime)他躺在草地上,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地望著天空。注：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),如所提供的動(dòng)詞不能和句子中的主語(yǔ)保持一致,動(dòng)詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),通常由名詞或代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。*Thelastbushavinggone,wehadtowalkhome.末班車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了,我們不得不走回家。(havinggone的邏輯主語(yǔ)是thelastbus,而不是we)*Weatherpermitting,thefootballmatchwillbeplayedonFriday.天氣允許的話(huà),足球賽將在周五舉行。(permitting的邏輯主語(yǔ)是weather,而不是thefootballmatch)復(fù)習(xí)演練Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thebuildingplansincludemuchneedednewaccommodation,(range)fromtouristclasstoluxuryhotels.2.Thestadium(build)atpresentinourcityisintendedforthecomingAsianGames.

3.Bythetimemyfriendgotthere,hissonhaddiedonthe(operate)table.4.Theflowers(smell)sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstoenjoythebeautyofnature.5.Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.6.Itwas(astonish)thattheshygirlstoodupandansweredthequestion.7.Theproblemwhichhemetinthenewschoolisquite(puzzle).8.Shetoldherboynottostamponthefloorsoasnottodisturbthe(sleep)baby.9.Whenwereturnedtothedormitory,wefoundastranger(stand)there.10.Weshouldholdthatseeingis(believe).11.(select)theproperpresent,theysentittotheirrespectableprofessor.

12.Not(know)whattodo,thechildrenhadtowaitfortheirparentstocomeback.13.(hear)thesignal,peopleranoutofthebuilding.14.(judge)fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful,butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.15.Thedecision(make),whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.

16.(work)harderatEnglish,you’llmakegreaterprogress.17.exploringthecave,theyfoundavaluablemineral.18.It(be)Sunday,manypeoplegotothegymnasiumtodophysicalexercise.19.(look)outthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulscenery.20.Thecaseshockedthepublic,(cause)ahotdebateoverhumannatureontheInternet.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Watchthemenwhoarecomingthisway.→Watchthemen.

2.Thedogthatdrankthepollutedwateryesterdayisdead.→Thedogisdead.

3.Thebabywhoiscryingmakesmeannoyed.→makesmeannoyed.

4.Anyonewhowishestoleaveearlymaydoso.→Anyonewishingtoleaveearlymaydoso.

5.Theresultmadeusdisappointed.→Theresulttous.

6.Thesunthatisrisinglooksbeautiful.→looksbeautiful.

7.Theboywhostoodnearthewindowwasgoodatplayingfootball.→Theboywasgoodatplayingfootball.

8.Thequestionthatisembarrassingishardtoanswer.→ishardtoanswer.

9.Designingmachinesismyjob.→Myjobis.

10.Arrivingatthefactoryhalfanhourearlyishishabit.→Hishabitis.

IⅡ.完成句子1.,I’msatisfiedwithyourperformance.就個(gè)人而言,我對(duì)你的表現(xiàn)很滿(mǎn)意。

2.Thefilmstarintendedtoleavequickly,.

這位影星想迅速離開(kāi),卻被他的粉絲包圍了。3.Footballisplayedallovertheworld,.

全世界都踢足球,這使它成為一種很流行的運(yùn)動(dòng)。4.,theyclosedthestore.

因?yàn)闆](méi)有顧客,他們關(guān)了店門(mén)。5.Istoodbythedoor,.

我站在門(mén)旁,不敢說(shuō)一句話(huà)。6.(=Thoughhehadtriedmanytimes),hestillcouldn’tsucceed.

盡管?chē)L試了多次,但他仍未成功。7.(=Ifyousetoffearlier),you’llgettothetownatdusk.

如果早點(diǎn)兒出發(fā)的話(huà),你在傍晚的時(shí)候就會(huì)到達(dá)小鎮(zhèn)。8.Isawastrangerthemanager’soffice.

我看見(jiàn)一個(gè)陌生人溜進(jìn)經(jīng)理的辦公室。9.Myparentsmyownfriends.

我父母讓我自己選擇自己的朋友。10.Don’tallday.

不要讓學(xué)生們整天學(xué)習(xí)。ⅠV.閱讀理解ElizabethBlackwellwasbornonFebruary3,1821inEngland.Whileshewasgrowingup,twoofherbrothersandsixofhersistersdied.Elizabethdecidedtobecomeadoctor.Herfatherwasasugarbusinessman.Heencouragedequality(平等)betweenboysandgirlsso,unlikemostgirls,Elizabethhadthesameeducationasboys.Onenight,whenElizabethwaseleven,afiredestroyedherfamily’sbusiness.ThefamilybecamesopoorthatMrBlackwelldecidedtogotoAmerica.WhenthefamilyreachedNewYork,MrBlackwelltriedtostartanewbusiness,butfailed.In1837,hedied.Afterbeingrefusedseveraltimesbymedicalschools,ElizabethwasfinallyacceptedbyGenevaMedicalCollegeinNewYork,largelyasajoke.Peoplethere,evenwomen,thoughtshewasindecent(下流的)andaskedhertoleave.Butwithgreatdetermination,Elizabethgraduatedwithhighhonors.Aftergraduation,ElizabethwenttoParistolearnmoreaboutmedicine.ElizabethreturnedtoAmericain1851.Thereshehelpedotherwomenbecomedoctorsandopenedamedicinestore.Then,shebeggedherrichfriendstogivemoneytobuildahospital.Elizabeth’sdreamcametruein1857whentheNewYorkInfirmaryForWomenandChildrenopeneditsdoors.Itwasthefirsttruehospitalforwomen,runbywomendoctorsintheworld.In1868,thehospitalopenedamedicalcollegeforwomen.Afterthat,ElizabethreceivedaletterfromEuropeaskinghertocometoherhomelandanddoforthewomenofEuropewhatshehaddoneinAmerica.ShereturnedtoEnglandin1869.Theresheservedforfortyyears,whichmadeherahero.1.WhatmadeElizabethwanttobeadoctor?A.Herpoorfamily.B.Herfather’sadvice.C.Herfamilymembers’earlydeath.D.Theinequalitybetweengirlsandboys.2.WhydidElizabeth’sfamilymovetoAmerica?A.Tosellmoresugar.B.Tolookforchancestolive.C.Toopenahospitalforwomen.D.TohelpElizabethstudymedicine.3.ItcanbeinferredfromPara.4thatinAmerica.

A.hardlyanywomenstudiedmedicineB.studyingmedicinewasconsidereddecentC.womenwerenotallowedtoreceiveeducationD.womenandchildrensufferedalotfrompoorhealth4.WhichistherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutElizabeth?a.Sheopenedthefirsthospitalforwomen.b.SheopenedamedicinestoreinAmerica.c.HerfamilymovedtoNewYork.d.Shegraduatedfromamedicalschool.e.ShereturnedtoEn