Book8Unit3InventorsandinventionsPeriodFourGrammar(I)編者：孔慶華導(dǎo)學(xué)目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)過去分詞作定語、表語的用法。自主合作探究I.過去分詞作定語觀察下列句子1)Thefiremenwererescuingthepeopletrappedinthefire.2)Theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.3)Thechildlostintheparkwasfoundatlast.歸納拓展：1.位置①單個(gè)過去分詞，常放在被修飾詞的前面,作_______________定語②過去分詞短語，常放在被修飾詞的后面，作_______________定語③如果單個(gè)的過去分詞所修飾的詞是代詞those或是不定代詞時(shí)，通常過去分詞要放在被修飾的詞之后。2.使用意義①及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，表示被動(dòng)的、完成的動(dòng)作adamagedbridge一座被毀壞的橋icedbeer冰凍啤酒_____________________________被污染的空氣和水_______________熟食②不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)意義therisensun升起的太陽aretiredteacher一位退休的教師______________________落葉__________________________開水3.可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句①及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語用來表示被動(dòng),可改為帶被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句Hedidn’tturnupatthemeeting(whichwas)heldyesterday.②不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(僅限于不能后置的單個(gè)過去分詞)則表示完成,可改為帶有完成時(shí)態(tài)的定語從句Wedranksomeboiledwater(=whichhadboiled)andwentonwithourwork.4.過去分詞與其它非謂語形式作定語的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)作定語,表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(being

done)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;不定式(to

do)作定語表示一個(gè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.如:1)The

meeting

being

held(which

is

being

held)

now

is

very

important.正在召開的這個(gè)會(huì)議很重要.2)The

meeting

held(which

was

held)

yesterday

is

very

important.昨天召開的會(huì)議很重要.3)The

meeting

to

be

held(which

will

be

held)

tomorrow

is

very

important.明天要開的會(huì)很重要.

即景活用：1.用適當(dāng)形式填空1)Therobbersareusinga________________(steal)car.2)Themeeting,____________(attend)byalotofpeople,wasasuccess.3)Everything___________houldbemarked.所有用過的東西應(yīng)該做好標(biāo)記。4)The

question

___________

now

at

the

meeting

is

not

the

question

__________

yesterday.(discuss)5)I

borrowed

some

books

__________________during

my

holiday.我借了幾本書在假期里讀。2.改寫下列句子。1)Ithinkcloningthatisdonebyscientistsisdangerous.→Ithinkcloning___________________________isdangerous2)Thesefemalepigsarecloned.Sowecallthemclonedpigs.→Thesefemalepigsarecloned.Sowecallthempigs_______________________.3)IfoundithardtounderstandtheEnglishspokenbynativevillagers.→__________________________________________________________________________.4)Theonlythingthatisneededisacellfromyouroldpet.→__________________________________________________________________________.II.過去分詞作表語觀察下列句子1)Iwasverypleasedatthenews.2)Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.歸納拓展：1.過去分詞作表語，放在系動(dòng)詞后，可以看作是過去分詞的形容詞化，說明的是主語在該動(dòng)作完成后所處的狀態(tài)，也有一定的被動(dòng)意味。其前可有quite,very,rather等修飾詞。常見的作表語的過去分詞如:closed(關(guān)閉的)；lost(丟失的)；known(著名的);married(已婚的)；gone(遺失的)；worried(擔(dān)憂的)；interested(感興趣的);tired(疲勞的);pleased(高興的);surprised(吃驚的);2.過去分詞作表語不要與被動(dòng)語態(tài)混為一體，過去分詞作表語表示主語的狀態(tài)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。如：1)Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.這個(gè)玻璃杯是我小弟打破的.(被動(dòng)語態(tài),表動(dòng)作)2)Theglassisbroken.這個(gè)玻璃杯是破的。（過去分詞,表狀態(tài)）3.過去分詞和–ing分詞作表語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：1)Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.聽到那個(gè)消息，我們感到很驚訝2)Thenewsisverysurprising.這個(gè)消息很令人驚訝。即景活用：1)He__________________afterreadingtheletter.看完信后,他看起來擔(dān)憂。2)I'mvery________withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.

Mm.Itdoeshavea_________smell.A.pleasant；pleasedB.pleased；pleasedC.pleasant；pleasantD.pleased；pleasant3)Theywerefrightenedtohearthe__________________sound.他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。4)Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentwere________________________.看到這么動(dòng)人的情景，所有在場的人都感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。達(dá)標(biāo)檢測單句改錯(cuò)1.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisionmadeatthemeetingwilldogoodtoourpany.2.Afterpletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelopeproviding.3.Theproblemstodiscussatthemeetingthedayaf