Unit6WhendisasterstrikesDevelopingideas

alarm

/??lɑ?m/

n.警報(bào)器1

In

communities,

loud

alarms

go

off.

在社區(qū)，響亮的警報(bào)會(huì)響起。（教材P89）

alarm為名詞，常見(jiàn)含義有：警報(bào)器The

cat

set

off

the

alarm.貓碰響了警鈴。鬧鐘My

alarm

didn’t

go

off

so

I

woke

up

late.我的鬧鐘沒(méi)有響，所以我醒晚了。

為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，其后不可接賓語(yǔ)。

This

morning

the

smoke

alarm

went

off.今天早上煙霧警報(bào)器響了。

Did

the

alarm

go

off

just

now?鬧鐘剛剛響了嗎？

go

off（警報(bào)器等）突然發(fā)出巨響也可指鬧鐘等發(fā)出響聲

go

off的其他常見(jiàn)義項(xiàng)：離開(kāi)（尤指去做某事）She

went

off

to

get

a

drink.她拿飲料去了。（質(zhì)量）下降His

books

have

gone

off

in

recent

years.他近年來(lái)寫的書(shū)質(zhì)量下降了。（電）中斷；（電燈）熄滅Suddenly

the

lights

went

off.燈突然熄滅了。（食物、飲料）變質(zhì)，變壞Meat

goes

off

quickly

in

hot

weather.肉在天熱時(shí)很快變質(zhì)。2

Warning

times

for

storms

in

China

have

been

increased

to

42

minutes,

with

more

than

90%

being

correct.中國(guó)的暴雨預(yù)警時(shí)間已延長(zhǎng)至

42

分鐘，正確率超過(guò)90%。（教材P89）

increase

/?n?kri?s/

v.增加；增大；提高

The

hit

of

this

video

increased

to

2

million.

Compared

with

yesterday,

it

increased

by

10%.這個(gè)視頻的點(diǎn)擊量

增加到了200萬(wàn)，與昨天相比，增加了10%。

（1）作不及物動(dòng)詞increase

by增長(zhǎng)了（后接百分比或倍數(shù)）increase

to增長(zhǎng)到（后接具體數(shù)字）（2）作及物動(dòng)詞

We

need

to

increase

productivity.我們需要提高生產(chǎn)力。

increase還可作名詞，意為“增長(zhǎng)；增多”。作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，其前若用不定冠詞應(yīng)用an。

There

was

an

increase

in

sales.銷售量增長(zhǎng)了。

coast

/k??st/

n.海岸

coastaladj.沿海的；靠近海岸的3

She

helped

her

classmates

leave

the

coast.她幫助同班同學(xué)離開(kāi)了海岸。（教材P89）on/at

the

coast在海邊

along

the

coast沿著海岸

My

hometown

is

on

the

east

coast

of

China.我的家鄉(xiāng)在中國(guó)東海岸。

Dalian

is

a

beautiful

coastal

city.大連是一座美麗的海濱城市。

［不可數(shù)名詞］反義詞是danger。

safety

/?se?fti/

n.安全4

SAFETY

NET安全網(wǎng)（教材P91）for

safety為了安全起見(jiàn)in

safety（=safely）安全地

Safety

comes

first.

安全第一。

For

your

safety,

you

mustn’t

get

close

to

the

train

until

it

stops.為了你們的安全，直到火車停下來(lái)你們才能靠近它。（云南中考）

They

crossed

the

road

in

safety.

他們安全地穿過(guò)了馬路。典例

用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。For

your

own

______（safe）,please

do

not

walk

about

on

the

plane.safety[解析]

空前有限定詞your和own，空處應(yīng)用名詞形式safety，且safety為不可數(shù)名詞，故填safety。

upcoming

/??p?k?m??/

adj.即將來(lái)臨的，即將發(fā)生的5

warns

you

of

upcoming

disasters提醒你即將到來(lái)的災(zāi)難（教材P91）

通常用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。

Much

joy

to

you

in

the

upcoming

year.

愿你在新的一年里快快樂(lè)樂(lè)。

Here

is

the

weather

forecast

for

the

upcoming

week.下面是未來(lái)一周的天氣預(yù)報(bào)。

operate

/??p?re?t/

v.使用，操作6

Say

how

it

operates,

using

an

example

if

possible.

說(shuō)說(shuō)它是如何使用的，如果可能的話舉個(gè)例子。（教材P91）

既可作及物動(dòng)詞，又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。

Can

you

teach

me

how

to

operate

the

new

machine?你能教我怎樣操作這臺(tái)新機(jī)器嗎？（及物動(dòng)詞）

In

fact,

drones

are

easy

to

operate.

事實(shí)上，無(wú)人機(jī)很容易操控。（不及物動(dòng)詞）（重慶中考A卷）

（1）operate還可意為“動(dòng)手術(shù)，做手術(shù)”。operate

on給……做手術(shù)（常指給病人或病人身體的某部位做手術(shù)）

You

examine

the

patient

first,

and

then

decide

whether

to

operate

or

not.你先為病人做檢查，然后再?zèng)Q定是否做手術(shù)。

The

doctor

will

operate

on

his

leg.醫(yī)生將給他的腿做手術(shù)。

The

little

boy

recovered

very

quickly

after

the

operation.手術(shù)后，這個(gè)小男孩恢復(fù)得很快。（2）operation［名詞］手術(shù)do

an

operation施行手術(shù)have

an

operation接受手術(shù)

drawback

/?dr?:b?k/

n.缺點(diǎn)，毛病7

Finally,

give

other

details,

such

as

its

cost,

look

and

drawbacks.最后，介紹其他細(xì)節(jié)，如成本、外觀和缺點(diǎn)。（教材P91）

［可數(shù)名詞］同義詞為disadvantage。

It’s

a

great

city

—

the

only

drawback

is

the

weather.這是座很不錯(cuò)的城市,唯一的不足就是天氣。

draw

back后退；撤回

After

the

defeat,

the

army

drew

back

to

their

camp.戰(zhàn)敗后，軍隊(duì)退回了自己的營(yíng)地。

We

drew

back

from

taking

our

neighbours

to

court.我們撤回了對(duì)鄰居的起訴。8

During

the

2021

Shanghai

Fashion

Week,

a

young,

slim

and

confident

woman

with

an

iron

leg

drew

everyone’s

attention.在2021年上海時(shí)裝周期間，一位年輕、苗條、自信、擁有一條鐵腿的女性吸引了所有人的目光。（教材P92）

fashion/?f???n/

n.時(shí)尚fashionable

adj.流行的；時(shí)髦的

a

fashion

show

時(shí)裝秀in

fashion

流行out

of

fashion

過(guò)時(shí)

come

into

fashion

開(kāi)始流行a

fashion

designer

時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師

Jeans

are

always

in

fashion.牛仔褲一直都很流行。

Their

music

will

never

go

out

of

fashion.他們的音樂(lè)永不過(guò)時(shí)。

Short

videos

come

into

fashion.短視頻開(kāi)始流行起來(lái)。

Her

favourite

fashion

designer

is

Giorgio

Armani.她最喜歡的時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師是喬治·阿瑪尼。

比較級(jí)：slimmer；最高級(jí)：slimmest

She

was

tall

and

slim.她是個(gè)瘦高個(gè)兒。

Flora

is

a

slim

young

woman.弗洛拉是一個(gè)身材苗條的年輕女子。

slim

/sl?m/

adj.苗條的，修長(zhǎng)的

bleed

/bli?d/

v.流血，出血［不及物動(dòng)詞］其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞均為bled。bleedtodeath失血過(guò)多而死

My

hand

and

knee

were

bleeding.我的手和膝蓋在流血。

blood［不可數(shù)名詞］血，血液

Blood

is

thicker

than

water.血濃于水。

9

It

wasn’t

comfortable,

and

her

leg

often

bled.

這并不舒服，她的腿經(jīng)常流血。（教材P92）

由“un-（否定前綴）+comfortable（adj.舒服的）”構(gòu)成。

Have

you

ever

felt

uncomfortable

with

your

stomach

when

you’re

nervous

or

excited?

當(dāng)你緊張或興奮時(shí)，你是否感到過(guò)胃部不適？（武漢中考）

uncomfortable

/?n?k?mft?b?l/

adj.不舒服的

10

People’s

curious

eyes

made

her

even

more

uncomfortable.

人們好奇的目光讓她更加不舒服。（教材P92）

Thesenewshoesarenotverycomfortable.這雙新鞋穿起來(lái)不太舒服。If

you’re

all

sitting

comfortably,

then

I’ll

begin.要是你們都坐好了，那么我就開(kāi)始。

She

sat

uncomfortably

on

the

edge

of

the

table.她將就坐在桌邊上，非常難受。典例

根據(jù)句意及漢語(yǔ)提示填寫單詞。（常州中考）I

couldn’t

fall

asleep

because

the

bed

was

so

_____________（不舒服的）.uncomfortable

After

months

of

therapy,

Sarah

finally

came

out

of

her

depression

and

started

enjoying

life

again.經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月的治療，薩拉終于從抑郁中走出來(lái)，重新開(kāi)始享受生活。

come

out

從困境、黑暗或消極狀態(tài)中解脫出來(lái)11

With

the

support

of

her

family

and

friends,

Niu

Yu

slowly

came

out

from

the

shadows.在家人和朋友的支持下，牛鈺慢慢從陰影中走了出來(lái)。（教材P93）

come

out的其他常見(jiàn)含義：

When

the

sun

goes

down,

the

stars

come

out.太陽(yáng)下山后，星星出來(lái)了。（安徽中考）

Most

of

the

flowers

come

out

in

spring.大部分花在春天開(kāi)放。

When

is

the

new

novel

coming

out?新版小說(shuō)什么時(shí)候出版？

There

is

no

doubt

that

the

truth

will

come

out

one

day.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，總有一天會(huì)真相大白。

herself

/??self/

pron.她自己

12

She

completed

the

hard

10-year

journey

of

finding

herself

again.她完成了漫長(zhǎng)的十年尋找自我的旅程。（教材P93）反身代詞與它所指代的名詞或代詞形成互指關(guān)系，在人稱或數(shù)上應(yīng)保持一致，常譯為“自己，本身；親自”。

by

oneself

單獨(dú)；獨(dú)自

Kate

can

dress

herself

now.凱特現(xiàn)在可以自己穿衣服了。

Molly

was

happy

because

she

solved

her

problem

all

by

herself!莫莉很開(kāi)心，因?yàn)樗?dú)自解決了問(wèn)題！反身代詞大集合myself

我自己ourselves

我們自己yourself

你自己yourselves

你們自己himself他自己/herself她自己/itself它自己themselves他們/她們/它們自己典例

用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（遂寧中考改編）—I

saw

your

grandma

using

Douyin

on

the

phone.

Who

taught

her?—Nobody.

She

taught

_______（her）.herself[解析]

“我看到你奶奶在手機(jī)上用抖音。誰(shuí)教的她？”“沒(méi)有人教她。她自學(xué)的?！眛each

oneself

意為“自學(xué)”；根據(jù)句意可知，空處意為“她自己”。故填her的反身代詞形式herself。

university

/?ju?n??v??s?ti/

n.大學(xué)13

In

2023,

she

carried

the

torch

at

the

FISU

World

University

Games.2023年，她在世界大學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上傳遞火炬。（教材P93）

university與collegeuniversity通常指由多個(gè)學(xué)院組成的綜合性大學(xué),覆蓋比較全面。college在英國(guó)，一般指學(xué)院,也可指高等專科學(xué)校,有時(shí)也指university下設(shè)的學(xué)院。在美國(guó)，college與university同義。

go

to

university/college去上大