活頁式教材微課版電子信息專業(yè)英語行業(yè)PPT模板/hangye/Chapter4ElectronicInstrument&Measurement電子儀器設(shè)備與測量

教學(xué)目標(biāo)4.1★萬用表：掌握萬用表用途、數(shù)字萬用表和模擬萬用表、萬用表表筆和萬用表檔位、用萬用表表測量電阻、電壓、電流?！锿ㄟ^萬用表、示波器和信號發(fā)生器、音頻信號放大器測試三篇文章學(xué)習(xí)電子儀器設(shè)備與測量。4.2★示波器和信號發(fā)生器：掌握示波器功能、示波器顯示波形、示波器面板及設(shè)置、示波器輸入連接、信號發(fā)生器功能、信號發(fā)生器面板及設(shè)置、信號發(fā)生器輸出連接。4.3★音頻信號放大器測試：掌握用面包板搭建電路、麥克風(fēng)及放大電路、運算放大器及放大電路、用萬用表及示波器等儀表測量音頻信號放大器的電壓及波形。

4.1

Lesson10Multimeter

萬用表NewWordsTechnicalTerms技術(shù)詞匯multimetern.萬用表metern.儀表；米；v.用表計量measuringn.測量adj.測量用的needlen.針；指針；vt.用針縫scalen.刻度；天平；規(guī)模liquidcrystaldisplay液晶顯示autorange自動量程proben.探針；調(diào)查；v.探測knobn.把手TechnicalTerms技術(shù)詞匯adjustvt.校準(zhǔn)；調(diào)整，使…適合readingn.讀數(shù)；讀物；閱讀leadn.引線；鉛；vt.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)socketn.插座；vt.給…配插座breadboardn.面包板；電路試驗板breakvt.打破；中斷；n.休息sensorn.傳感器illuminationn.照明；照度；啟發(fā)covern.蓋子；封面；vt.覆蓋

4.1

Lesson10Multimeter

萬用表Amultimeterisanelectronicmeasuringinstrumentthatcombinesvoltage,currentandresistancemeasurementfunctionsinoneunit.Therearetwobasictypesofmultimeters,analoganddigital.Analogmultimetershaveaneedlemovingalongascale

(Fig.4-1)

anddigitalmultimetersgiveanoutputinnumbers,usuallyonaliquidcrystaldisplay

(Fig.4-2)

.Autorangingdigitalmultimeterismoreexpensive,butobviouslymucheasiertouse.Thecentralknobhasfewerpositionsandallyouneedtodoistoswitchittothequantityyouwanttomeasure.OnceswitchedtoV,themeterautomaticallyadjustsitsrangetogiveameaningfulreading,andthedisplayincludestheunitofmeasurement,VormV.Wherearethetwometerprobesconnected?TheblackleadisalwaysconnectedintothesocketmarkedCOM,shortforCOMMON.TheredleadisconnectedintothesocketlabeledVΩmA.The20Asocketisveryrarelyused.Text

4.1

Lesson10Multimeter

萬用表1．VoltagemeasurementsBuildthecircuitshowninfigure4-3usingbreadboardandfour10kilo-ohmsresistors.Thefourresistorsareconnectedinseries.Usingthemultimeter,measurethepowersupplyvoltageandthenmeasurethevoltageatpointsA,BandC.Tomeasurevoltage，youdonotneedtobreakthecircuit.Themultimeterisconnectedinparallelbetweenthetwopointswherethemeasurementistobemade.Thediagraminfigure4-4showsalightsensorcircuitbuiltinasimilarway.Theresistanceofthelightsensorchangeswithillumination.Whathappenstotheoutputvoltageofthelightsensorcircuitwhenyoucoverthelightsensorwithyourhand?（Hint:Inthedark,theresistanceishigh,upto1Mega-ohmormore.Inbrightlight,theresistancecanbeaslittleas100ohm.）Text

4.1

Lesson10Multimeter

萬用表2.ResistancemeasurementsTomeasureresistance,thecomponentmustberemovedfromthecircuitaltogether.Removethelightsensorfromthecircuitandmeasureitsresistance（Fig.4-5）.Youwillseetheresistancemeasurementchangeasthelightlevelchanges.Coveringthelightsensorwithyourhandincreasestheresistanceofthelightsensor.3.CurrentmeasurementsTomeasurecurrent,youneedtobreakthecircuitsothatthemetercanbeconnectedinseries（Fig.4-6）.Allthecurrentflowinginthecircuitmustpassthroughthemeter.Text

4.1

Lesson10Multimeter

萬用表Figures

7Figure4-1AnalogmultimeterFigure4-2Digitalmultimeter

4.1

Lesson10Multimeter

萬用表Figures

8Figure4-4MeasurevoltageinalightsensorcircuitFigure4-3Measurevoltage

4.1

Lesson10Multimeter

萬用表Figures

9Figure4-5Measurelightsensorresistance

Figure4-6Measurecurrent

4.1

Lesson10Multimeter

萬用表Ⅰ．Choosethebesttechnicaltermtocompletethefollowingstatements.ExercisesAmultimeterisanelectronicmeasuringinstrumentthatcombinesseveralmeasurementfunctionsinone

unit.Atypicalmultimetermayincludefeaturessuchastheabilitytomeasurevoltage,currentand().A.resistance B.capacitance C.inductance D.gainEachtypeofmultimeterhasitsadvantages.Usedasavoltmeter,()multimeterisusuallybetterbecauseitsresistanceismuchhigher,1Mega-ohmor10Mega-ohm,comparedto200kilo-ohmfor()multimeteronasimilarrange.Ontheotherhand,itiseasiertofollowaslowlychangingvoltagebywatchingtheneedleon()display.A.ananalog B.adigital C.voltage D.currentThecentralknobofdigitalmultimeterhasseveralpositions.TomeasureDC/ACvoltage,setthemultimeterto().Tomeasureresistance,setthemultimeterto().Tomeasuresmallcurrent,setthemultimeterto().Tomeasurelargecurrent,setthemultimeterto().A.Ω B.V

(

V-V～

) C.mA D.20A

4.1

Lesson10Multimeter

萬用表Ⅰ．Choosethebesttechnicaltermtocompletethefollowingstatements.ExercisesThefour10kilo-ohmsresistorsareconnectedin()onthebreadboard.A.series B.parallel C.measure D.COMMONTomeasure(),thecircuitmustbebrokentoallowthemetertobeconnectedinseries.Tomeasure(),thecircuitisnotchanged,themeterisconnectedinparallel.Tomeasure(),thecomponentmustberemovedfromthecircuit.A.resistance B.voltage C.current D.sensorTheresistanceofalightsensorinbrightlightis()thatinthedark.A.largerthan B.smallerthan C.thesameas D.10000timeshigherthan

4.1

Lesson10Multimeter

萬用表Ⅱ．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Exercises1．Basicsofmultimeter:Poweredby9Vbattery.BlackprobeinCOM,RedinVΩmA

(

10ADConlyusedforhighcurrent

)

.DCvoltage:0.2V-600Vin10steps.ACvoltage:200V,600Vrangesonly.DCcurrent:0.0002A-0.2Ain10steps.DCcurrent(highrange):10A.Resistance:200-2,000,000

ohmsin10steps.hfetest

(

NPN/PNPtransistor

)

.Continuitybuzzer.

4.1

Lesson10Multimeter

萬用表Ⅱ．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Exercises2．ContinuityMeasurement-definitelythemostusedsetting.Dialtheposition,andputtheprobesacrossthetwopointstobetested,withthecircuitunpowered.Thebuzzersoundsonlowresistance,sothatyoucanquicklyprobeforcontinuitywithoutlookingoveratthemetereachtime.3．Testingadiodewithamultimeter.Setthemetertoitsohmsrange.Connectthecathodeterminalofthediodetotheterminalmarkedpositiveonthemultimeter,andtheanodetothenegativeorcommonterminal.Alowresistancereadingshouldbeobtained.Reversetheconnections.Thistimeahighresistancereadingshouldbeobtained.4．Testingatransistorwithamultimeter.Testeachpairofleadsbothways

(

sixtestsintotal

)

:Thebase-emitter

(

BE

)

junctionshouldbehavelikeadiodeandconductonewayonly.Thebase-collector

(

BC

)

junctionshouldbehavelikeadiodeandconductonewayonly.Thecollector-emitter

(

CE

)

shouldnotconducteitherway.4.2

Lesson11OscilloscopeandFunctionGenerator

示波器和信號發(fā)生器NewWordsTechnicalTerms技術(shù)詞匯oscilloscopen.示波器investigatev.調(diào)查；研究paneln.儀表板；座談小組graphn.圖表；曲線圖；vt.用圖表示verticaladj.垂直的；n.垂直線axisn.軸；軸線horizontaladj.水平的；地平線的；n.水平intensityn.亮度；強度；緊張focusn.焦點；焦距；v.使聚焦spotn.斑點；地點；vt.用燈光照射TechnicalTerms技術(shù)詞匯amplituden.振幅；廣闊；充足peak-peak峰峰值；正負(fù)峰間隔值tracen.蹤跡，痕跡；v.追蹤functiongenerator信號（函數(shù)）發(fā)生器waveformn.波形sinen.正弦squaren.正方形；平方；廣場trianglen.

三角形attenuatorn.衰減器4.2

Lesson11OscilloscopeandFunctionGenerator

示波器和信號發(fā)生器1．Whatdoesanoscilloscopedo?Anoscilloscopeiseasilythemostusefulinstrumentavailablefortestingcircuitsbecauseitallowsyoutoseethesignalsatdifferentpointsinthecircuit.Thebestwayofinvestigatinganelectronicsystemistomonitorsignalsattheinputandoutputofeachsystemblock,tocheckthateachblockisoperatingasexpectedandiscorrectlylinkedtothenext(

Fig.4-7

)

.Anoscilloscopetodisplayavoltage–time

(

V/t

)

graph,agraphofvoltageagainsttime.VoltageontheverticalorY-axis,andtimeonthehorizontalorX-axis（Fig.4-8）.2．Usinganoscilloscope①TurnthePOWERon.②Applyasignaltotheinputterminal

(

Fig.4-9

)

.③SettheINTENSITYandFOCUScontrolscorrectly,thespotwillbereasonablybright,andassharplyfocusedaspossible

(

Fig.4-10

).④TheTIME/DIVcontroldeterminesthehorizontalscaleofthegraphwhichappearsontheoscilloscopescreen.Text4.2

Lesson11OscilloscopeandFunctionGenerator

示波器和信號發(fā)生器⑤TheVOLTS/DIVcontroldeterminestheverticalscaleofthegraphdrawnontheoscilloscopescreen.⑥TheY-POSallowsyoutomovethespotupanddownthescreen.⑦Whenasinusoidalsignalisapplied,youwillobtainaclearandstablesinewaveformtraceonthescreen

(

Fig.4-11

)

.⑧Amplitude,peak-peakvoltage,timeperiodcanbemeasuredfromthegraph

(

Fig.4-12

)

.3．AfunctiongeneratorAfunctiongeneratoriselectronictestequipmentusedtogenerateelectricalwaveforms

(

Fig.4-13

)

.Thesewaveformsaresine,square,ortriangle.Functiongeneratorsaretypicallyusedinelectronicsrepairanddesign,wheretheyareusedasasignalsourcetotestacircuit.Byclickinginthe1kFREQUENCYRANGEbutton,selectingasinewavesignalandsettingtheATTENUATORswitchto0dB,thegeneratoroutputsa1kHzsinewaveform(

Fig.4-14

)

.Text4.2

Lesson11OscilloscopeandFunctionGenerator

示波器和信號發(fā)生器Figures

Figure4-7PanelofanoscilloscopeFigure4-8V/tgraphFigure4-9ApplyasignaltotheinputterminalFigure4-12VoltageamplitudeandtimeperiodFigure4-10ControlbuttononanoscilloscopeFigure4-11Thetraceonthescreen4.2

Lesson11OscilloscopeandFunctionGenerator

示波器和信號發(fā)生器Figures

Figure4-13Panelofafunctiongenerator

Figure4-14Functiongeneratorandoscilloscope4.2

Lesson11OscilloscopeandFunctionGenerator

示波器和信號發(fā)生器Ⅰ．Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse,andexplainyouranswers.Exercises1．Anoscilloscopeiseasilythemostusefulinstrumentavailablefortestingcircuitsbecauseitallowsyoutomonitorsignalsattheinputandoutputofeachsystemblock.2．Anoscilloscopeshowsyouhowvoltagevarieswithtime.Itplotsavoltageagainsttimegraphonthescreen.They-axisisvoltageandthex-axisistime.Thisismostusefulwhenyoulookatvaryingvoltages.3．TIME/DIVstandsfor‘TIMEperDIVision’.Whenthisissetto1second,itmeansthatthedotwillmovefromlefttoright,taking10secondstomoveacrossthescreen

(

ifthereare10divisionshorizontallyonthescreen

)

.4．TheY-POScontrolallowsyoutochangetheverticalscaleofthegraphdrawnontheoscilloscopescreen.5．Afunctiongeneratorcangeneratea1mV1kHzpulsewaveform.6．Functiongeneratorsandoscilloscopesareusefultoolsintheelectronicsfield.Theyallowtheusertocreateandmeasureelectricalwaveformswhentestingelectronicdevicesandcircuits.4.2

Lesson11OscilloscopeandFunctionGenerator

示波器和信號發(fā)生器Ⅱ．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Exercises1．Anoscilloscopeisavoltagemeasurementdevice.Unlikeavoltmeter,anoscilloscopedoesnotdisplayasinglenumber.Anoscilloscopedisplayssignals-voltagesthatarefunctionsoftime.2．Oscilloscopecanmeasuresignalparameters-likefrequency,peak-to-peakvoltages,RMSvaluesofsignals,etc.3．Inadigitaloscilloscope,thesignalissampled,stored,processed,andthenreconstructedonanLCDscreenforviewing.4．BNCplugsandsockets：Thesearedesignedforscreenedcablescarryinghighfrequencysignals.BNCplugsareconnectedwithapushandtwistaction,todisconnectyouneedtotwistandpull.

4.3

Lesson12AudioAmplifierTesting

音頻信號放大器測試NewWordsTechnicalTerms技術(shù)詞匯microphonen.麥克風(fēng)，擴音器audiosignal音頻信號voltagedivider分壓器minussign負(fù)號，減號upsidedown上端朝下；顛倒invertvt.使…反轉(zhuǎn)；使…顛倒observationn.觀察theoreticaladj.理論的analysisn.分析；分解4.3 Lesson12AudioAmplifierTesting

音頻信號放大器測試Thissectionisaninvestigationofmicrophones,audiosignals,andamplifiers,intendedtodevelopyourcircuitdesignskillsandgivingyouexperienceofusingtheoscilloscopetomonitorsignalsinacircuit.Microphoneisasensorthatconvertssoundintoanelectricalsignal

(Fig.4-15)

.Togetthemicrophonetowork,youneedtoprovideavoltageacrossitusingavoltagedividercircuit

(Fig.4-16)

.Buildthecircuitonbreadboard.Measurethevoltagebetweenthemicrophonebyamultimeter

(Fig.4-17)

.Connecttheoscilloscopetestprobetothecircuit

(

Fig.4-18

)

.Adjustthesettingproperlyuntiltheshapeofthesignalsisclear.Measurethepeak-to-peakamplitudeofthesignal.Whenyoutalkintothemicrophone,thesignalsyougetaresmall.Tomakethembigger,youneedanamplifier.Onepossiblecircuitisanoperationalamplifiercircuit.A741op-ampanditspackageareshowninfigure4-19andfigure4-20,respectively.Completethe741amplifiercircuit

(Fig.4-21)

inthebreadboard

(Fig.4-22)

.Thewayinwhichthisparticularop-ampcircuitworksallowsyoutochoosethevoltagegainaccordingtotheformula:

voltagegain=-Rf/Rin.Text4.3 Lesson12AudioAmplifierTesting

音頻信號放大器測試Theminussignappearsbecausethisisaninvertingamplifiercircuit,thatis,theoutputwaveformhasthesameshapeastheinputwaveform,butisturnedupsidedown,orinverted,comparedwiththeinputwaveform.Thevoltagegainofthecircuitiscalculatedfrom:

voltagegain=-470/10=-47

.Voutaftertheamplifiershouldbe47timeslargerthanthesignalfromthemicrophonesubsystem.Monitortheinputandtheoutputofthesystemusingtheoscilloscope.Measurethepeak-to-peakamplitudeofthefinaloutputsignal.Thevoltagegainoftheamplifierisgivenby:

voltagegain=Vout/Vin.Doyourobservationsusingtheoscilloscopeconfirmtheabovetheoreticalanalysis?Workthroughyourcircuitusingtheoscilloscopetomonitortheaudiosignalatdifferentpointsinthecircuit.Text4.3 Lesson12AudioAmplifierTesting

音頻信號放大器測試Figures

Figure4-15MicrophoneFigure4-17Measurethevoltage

Figure4-16MicrophonecircuitFigure4-18Checkoutputwaveform4.3 Lesson12AudioAmplifierTesting

音頻信號放大器測試Figures

Figure4-19741op-ampFigure4-22CircuitonthebreadboardFigure4-20Packageof741Figure4-21Audioamplifiercircuit4.3 Lesson12AudioAmplifierTesting

音頻信號放大器測試Ⅰ．Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse,andexplainyouranswers.Exercises1．Microphonesaredeviceswhichdetectsoundsignalsandproduceavoltageoracurrentwhichisproportionaltothesoundsignal.2．Whenyoutalkintoamicrophone,themicrophonewithoutpowerwillproduceanelectricalsignal.3．Usingamultimeter,youcanmeasurethepeak-to-peakamplitudeoftheelectricalsignal.4．Anoperationalamplifiercircuitcanamplifyasoundsignal.5．Theminussignappearsinthevoltagegainbecausetheoutputsignalamplitudebecomesmallercomparedwiththeinput.6．Thevoltagegainoftheamplifieristheamplitudeoftheoutputvoltageminustheamplitudeoftheinputvoltage.4.3 Lesson12AudioAmplifierTesting

音頻信號放大器測試Ⅱ．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Exercises1．Anaudioamplifierisanelectronicamplifierthatamplifiesaudiosignals

(

frequenciesbetween20-20,000Hz,thehumanrangeofhearing

)

toalevelsuitablefordrivingloudspeakers.2．