Unit3

BacktothepastAsisknowntoall，theZhoukoudianBeijingManSiteisoneofthemostimportantworldheritage(遺產(chǎn))sitesinChina，whichwasdiscoveredinthe1920s.AtthesiteinthesouthwestsuburbofBeijing，thereis，forexample，theearliestevidenceoftheuseoffirebyhumans.Ithasalsobeenprovedthatpeoplelivedtherecontinuouslybetween500,000and10,000yearsago.話題導(dǎo)入However，Zhoukoudianisinseriousdangernow.Partsofthecaveshavebeenbadlyaffectedbyrainandexposuretotheair.Someareasarealmostcompletelycoveredinweeds，causingseriousdamage.Pollutionfromnearbyfactorieshasalsocontributedtotheproblem.Thesiteisextremelyexpensivetopreserveanditwillcostbetweenthreeandfivemillionyuantorepairit.ZhoukoudianisontheWorldCulturalHeritageList，organizedbyUNESCO，theUnitedNationsEducational，ScientificandCulturalOrganization.Thelistisconstantlychecked.Anysitewhichisseriouslydamagedorwhichisnotproperlyprotectedisanendangeredheritage，andUNESCOisveryquicktodosomethingaboutsituationslikethis.Theyhaverecommendedthatthesitebeclosedandrepaired.Ifnothingisdonetorepairit，itcouldberemovedfromthelist.ThisisaveryseriousmatterandtheChineseAcademyofSciencesistryingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutit.DrZhuMingoftheAcademysaid，“Wehaverequestedthatthegovernmentgetinvolved，butwealsoneedassistancefromordinarypeople.Theycanhelpbycontributingtothecostofrepairingthecaves.Theyareapreciouspartofourculturalheritage—itisofgreatimportancethatwedosomething.Ifnot，itwillbeacatastrophe.”根據(jù)上文完成下列各題1.Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?_______________________2.Whathavecausedthedamageofthesiteaccordingtothepassage?_____________________________________________________________3.WhereistheChineseAcademyofSciencesisseekinghelpfrom?_________________________________Zhoukoudianisindanger.Rain，exposuretotheair，weedsandpollutionfromnearbyfactories.Fromthegovernmentandthepublic.基礎(chǔ)自測(cè)

課文預(yù)讀內(nèi)容索引要點(diǎn)探究當(dāng)堂達(dá)標(biāo)PeriodOne

Welcometotheunit&Reading基礎(chǔ)自測(cè)1.__________

n.文明2.______

n.講座

vi.講演，講課3.______

vt.興建，創(chuàng)建

_______(過去式)

_______(過去分詞)4._____

vi.(火山等)爆發(fā)

________

n.爆發(fā)Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)單詞civilizationlecturefoundfoundedfoundederupteruption5._____

vi.涌流，傾瀉

vt.倒出(液體)6.___________

adj.不幸的，遺憾的7.________

vt.裝飾，裝潢8.____

vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速離開

____(過去式)

____(過去分詞)9._______

n.災(zāi)難pourunfortunatedecorate

fleefledfleddisaster10._______

vt.毀壞，摧毀11.___________

adj.商業(yè)的，貿(mào)易的12._______

adj.富有的，富裕的

______

n.財(cái)產(chǎn)，財(cái)富13._________

adv.漸漸地，逐漸地14._______

adj.文化的

_______

n.文化15.________

n.(教育或其他專業(yè))機(jī)構(gòu)，研究所destroy

commercialwealthywealthgraduallyculturalcultureinstitute16.____

n.廢墟；毀壞

vt.破壞，毀滅17._______

n.遺物，遺跡，遺骸

_______

v.保持不變，仍然是；剩余，遺留18._______

prep.在……之下19.________

n.材料；物質(zhì)adj.物質(zhì)的20._______

vi.爆炸

_________

n.爆炸ruin

remainsremainbeneathmaterial

explodeexplosionⅡ.重點(diǎn)短語1.___________作為……而出名2._________奪??；接管3._________倒出；涌出；吐出，盡情訴說4._______________造成破壞5._______________用……裝飾……6.________結(jié)果是，證明是beknownastakeoverpouroutcause/dodamagedecorate...with...turnout7.____________未能做某事8.___________損壞；崩潰；瓦解；出故障9.____________與；和……一同，連同……10.________砍伐；削減；砍倒failtodosth.breakdowntogetherwithcutdown_____________________________________

overbysandstormsfromAD200toAD400.人們相信，它是在公元200年至公元400年間被沙塵暴逐漸吞沒的。ItisbelievedtohavebeengraduallycoveredⅢ.重點(diǎn)句式_______________

avolcano.離該城不遠(yuǎn)處有一座火山。1.介、副詞短語位于句首引起的倒裝Nearthecitywas2.Sb./Sth.bebelievedtodo...課文預(yù)讀Ⅰ.課文閱讀理解1.FromthelectureAnnknewalotaboutPompeiiEXCEPTthat

.A.whenPompeiiwasfoundedB.whenPompeiiwastakenoverbytheRomansC.whenPompeiiwasburiedD.whenPompeiiwasdiscovered√答案123452.

discoveredPompeii.A.Afarmer

B.AnarchaeologistC.Avisitor D.SvenHedin12345√答案3.WhatisNOTtrueaboutLoulan?A.ItwasonthefamousSilkRoad.B.Itwasawealthycommercialcity.C.Itdisappearedsuddenly.D.ItwasdiscoveredbySvenHedin.12345√答案4.Fromthepassageweknow

.A.bothPompeiiandLoulanexistedatthesametimeinhistoryB.bothPompeiiandLoulanweredestroyedforthesamereasonC.bothPompeiiandLoulanwereoncearichcityD.bothPompeiiandLoulanwerediscoveredbyaforeigner12345√答案5.Thepurposeofwritingthispassageis

.A.toshowhowhappythewriterwastohavesuchachancetovisitthe

sitesB.toarousepeople’ssenseofprotectingcivilizationsC.tocomparethecivilizationsofPompeiiandLoulanD.totellushowPompeiiandLoulanweredestroyed12345√答案Ⅱ.課文閱讀填空A.DateActionsEmotions15thJulyWewereinItaly.Feel1.

.16thJulyWeattendeda2.

aboutPompeii.Howunfortunate！17thJulyIsawthe3.

RomancityofPompeii.Howamazing！24thJulyWearrivedinLoulan.Soexcitedtobehere！25thJulyAprofessortoldusthe4.

ofLoulanandwesawitspresentsituation.Whatapity！luckylectureancientdiscoveryB.PompeiiTimeEventInthe5.

centuryBCItwasfounded.In89BCItwastaken6.

bytheRomans.On24thAug.AD79Thevolcanonearthecity7.

.In1860Itwasputundergovernmentprotection.8thovereruptedLoulan2,000yearsagoItexistedasa8.

city.FromAD200toAD400Itwascoveredovergraduallyby9.

.100yearsagoItwas10.

byaEuropeanexplorer.commercialsandstormsdiscovered要點(diǎn)探究1Thecitywasfoundedinthe8thcenturyBC.這座城市建立于公元前8世紀(jì)。重點(diǎn)詞匯(1)foundvt.興建，創(chuàng)建，創(chuàng)辦befoundedon/upon建立在……之上；以……為依據(jù)(2)foundationn.基礎(chǔ)；地基歸納拓展(1)ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.中華人民共和國(guó)成立于1949年。(2)Thecastleisfoundedonsolidrock.這座城堡建在堅(jiān)固的巖石上。(3)Thisstoryisfoundedon/uponfacts.這個(gè)故事是有事實(shí)依據(jù)的。語境助記(1)SunYat-sen

thefirstRepublicinChinain1911afterhefoughtfortheChinesepeopleformanyyears.

A.found

B.foundedC.hadfounded D.founding題組訓(xùn)練√解析句意為：孫中山在為中國(guó)人民斗爭(zhēng)了多年之后在1911年建立了中國(guó)第一個(gè)共和國(guó)。根據(jù)句子中的時(shí)間狀語in1911，可知本句是在描述過去發(fā)生的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)。答案解析(2)

intheearly20thcentury，theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.A.Tofound B.FoundingC.Founded D.Havingfounded√解析句意為：這所學(xué)校創(chuàng)建于20世紀(jì)早期，它一直激勵(lì)著孩子們對(duì)于藝術(shù)的熱愛。theschool與found之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞表被動(dòng)，故選C。答案解析2In89BC，theRomanstookoverPompeii.公元前89年，羅馬人占領(lǐng)了龐貝城。takeover奪??；接管takeon從事(某項(xiàng)工作)；雇用；呈現(xiàn)(面貌)takeup占據(jù)；從事(某項(xiàng)活動(dòng))，發(fā)展(某種愛好)takeoff起飛；脫掉(衣服等)；開始獲得成功；(事業(yè)等)騰飛takein吸收；欺騙；理解takeout拿出，掏出；把……帶出去takedown記錄下來；拆除taketo養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣；喜歡上；適應(yīng)歸納拓展(1)Wasitin1948thatthegovernmentofGreatBritaintookovertherailways?英國(guó)政府是在1948年接管鐵路的嗎？(2)Mytimeisfullytakenupwithwriting.我把時(shí)間全都用在了寫作上。(3)Theplanetookoffontime.飛機(jī)準(zhǔn)時(shí)起飛了。(4)Hehadn’ttakentohisnewschool.他還沒有適應(yīng)他的新學(xué)校。語境助記(1)用take相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空①He

hishatandbowedpolitelyasshepassed.②I

oilpaintinginmysparetime.③Thecompany

bySonyin1989.④Hisface

aworriedlook.題組訓(xùn)練tookofftakeupwastakenovertookon(2)It’scertainthattheironlychildwill

thebigbusinesswhenthecouplegetold.(2016·江陰市四校高一期中)A.handover B.takeoverC.goover D.getover√解析句意為：他們唯一的孩子會(huì)在這對(duì)夫婦年老時(shí)接管大生意，這是肯定的。handover移交，交出；takeover奪取，接管；goover仔細(xì)檢查，從頭到尾溫習(xí)；getover翻越，克服(困難)，從(疾病、損失中)恢復(fù)過來。根據(jù)題意選B。答案解析(3)—Whendidyou

stayingupsolate?—WhenIenteredthisschooltwoyearsago，wherestudentshavetoomuchhomeworktodo.(2017·啟東中學(xué)高一月考)A.takein B.takeonC.takeover D.taketo√解析句意為：——什么時(shí)候你養(yǎng)成了熬夜的習(xí)慣？——當(dāng)我兩年前進(jìn)入這所學(xué)校時(shí)，這里的學(xué)生們有太多的作業(yè)要做。takein吸收，欺騙，理解；takeon從事(某項(xiàng)工作)，雇用，呈現(xiàn)(面貌)；takeover奪取，接管；taketo養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣，喜歡上，適應(yīng)。根據(jù)題意選D。答案解析3Isawseveralhouseswhichweredecoratedwithwallpaintings.我看見了好幾所裝飾有壁畫的房子。(1)decoratevt.裝飾，裝潢decorate...with...用……裝飾……(2)decorationn.裝飾；裝飾品歸納拓展(1)Theydecoratedtheroomwithflowersandballoons.他們用花和氣球裝飾了房間。(2)WeputChristmasdecorationsonthetree.我們把圣誕飾物掛在樹上。語境助記(1)Afterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading，onlytobetoldthatit

.(2017·南菁高級(jí)中學(xué)高一檢測(cè))A.wasdecoratedB.haddecoratedC.hadbeendecoratingD.wasbeingdecorated題組訓(xùn)練答案解析解析考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。句意為：放學(xué)后我們?nèi)ラ営[室閱讀，卻被告知閱覽室正在裝修。thereading-room與decorate之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；由句意可知，應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！?2)Theweddingisnear，soLindaisoccupiedwiththeworkof

hernewhousenow.A.repairing B.mendingC.decorating D.selling√解析句意為：婚期將近，因此琳達(dá)現(xiàn)在正忙于布置新房。repair/mend修理，修補(bǔ)；decorate裝飾，布置；sell賣。結(jié)合句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。答案解析4Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity，theirbodiesnearlycompletelybrokedownanddisappeared，leavingemptyspacesintheash.原來，火山灰覆蓋了沒能逃離城市的人，他們的身體幾乎全部燒化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空當(dāng)。turnout結(jié)果是，證明是；生產(chǎn)turnon打開turnoff關(guān)掉turnover移交；(使)翻轉(zhuǎn)turndown關(guān)??；調(diào)低；拒絕turnup到來；露面；被發(fā)現(xiàn)，被找到turnin上交；上繳turninto(使)變成，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闅w納拓展1(1)Therumorturnedouttobetrue.傳聞后來證明是真的。(2)Ifthedayturnsoutwet，wemayhavetochangeourplans.萬一下雨的話，我們也許得改變計(jì)劃。(3)Turnonthelight.It’stoodarktosee.把燈打開。太暗了，看不見。語境助記1題組訓(xùn)練1選詞填空turninto；turnover；turnup；turnoff；turnout(1)Whenthesportshero

atourparty，hewaswelcomedwithopenarms.(2)Iwould，indeed，

theevidence

tothepolice.(3)Newtechnologieshavemadeitpossibleto

newproductsfasterandatalowercost.(4)Don’t

thecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms，oryoucouldhaveproblems.(5)Ifnothingisdone，theoceanswill

fishdeserts.turnedupoverturnturnoutturnoffturnintofleevt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速離開flee(from)...(從……)逃跑fleeto/into...逃往……，逃到……fleeforone’slife逃命fleetosafety逃到安全的地方歸納拓展2(1)Theenemyhadfled(from)thevillagewhenourmenarrived.我們的人到達(dá)時(shí)，敵人已逃離村子了。(2)Thechildfledtohismotherforsafety.小孩逃向他的媽媽以尋求安全。(3)Asthevolcanoerupted，thevillagersfledfortheirlives.當(dāng)火山爆發(fā)時(shí)，村民們趕緊逃命。語境助記2題組訓(xùn)練2(1)Alltheteachersandstudentsmanagedto

theshakingteachingbuildingwhentheearthquakehappened.A.flee B.pourC.slide D.slip√答案解析解析句意為：地震發(fā)生時(shí)所有老師和學(xué)生都設(shè)法逃出了晃動(dòng)的教學(xué)樓。flee逃離，符合語境，故選A。pour傾倒；slide滑行；slip滑跤。(2)He

thecavebeforethepolicearrived，buthefailed.A.managedtofleeawayfromB.triedfleeingoutofC.managedfleeingD.triedtoflee√解析句意為：他試圖在警察到達(dá)之前逃離山洞，但他失敗了。flee(from)sp.逃離某地；managetodosth.設(shè)法做成了某事；trytodosth.努力做某事，未必成功。根據(jù)后面buthefailed可知沒有成功，故選D。答案解析breakdown分解；發(fā)生故障；身體垮掉；汽車拋錨；失敗，瓦解breakup破裂，解散；破碎breakin闖進(jìn)；打斷breakinto闖入；侵占breakout爆發(fā)breakthrough突破；沖破；有重要發(fā)現(xiàn)歸納拓展3(1)Chemicalsinthebodybreakdownourfoodintousefulsubstances.體內(nèi)的化學(xué)成分把我們吃的食物分解為有用的物質(zhì)。(2)Thewashingmachineseemstohavebrokendownagain.洗衣機(jī)好像又發(fā)生故障了。(3)It’sveryimpoliteofyoutobreakinwhilewe’retalking.你打斷我們的談話是很不禮貌的。(4)Thethiefbrokeintothehouseduringthenight.小偷在夜間破門進(jìn)入住宅。語境助記3題組訓(xùn)練3(1)寫出下列句子中breakdown的漢語意思①Hishealthbrokedown. ________

②Ourtruckbrokedown. ____

③Theplanbrokedown. ____

身體垮掉拋錨失敗(2)Whatisknowntousallisthatthebacteriathatliveinthesoilhelpto

ourwastes.(2016·揚(yáng)州中學(xué)高一月考)A.breakdown B.takedownC.putdown D.writedown√解析句意為：眾所周知，土壤里的細(xì)菌能夠幫助分解我們的廢棄物。breakdown分解，發(fā)生故障，身體垮掉，汽車拋錨，失敗，瓦解；takedown記下，拆除；putdown放下，鎮(zhèn)壓；writedown寫下，記下。根據(jù)題意可知選A。答案解析(3)—I’msurprisedtohearthatSueandPaulhave

.—SoamI.TheyseemedveryhappytogetherwhenIlastsawthem.A.brokenup B.finishedupC.dividedup D.closedup√解析

breakup關(guān)系破裂；finishup吃完，喝完，用盡(所剩之物)；divideup分擔(dān)，分配，分享；closeup(傷口)愈合，堵塞。由句意知A項(xiàng)符合語境。答案解析5Ascholarfromthelocalculturalinstitute，ProfessorZhang，toldusthataroundtheyear1900theEuropeanexplorerSvenHedindiscoveredtheruinsoftheLoulanKingdom.當(dāng)?shù)匚幕芯克膶W(xué)者張教授告訴我們，大約在1900年，歐洲探險(xiǎn)家斯文·海定發(fā)現(xiàn)了樓蘭王國(guó)的遺址。ruinn.廢墟，遺跡(常用作復(fù)數(shù)形式)；毀壞；vt.毀滅，使破產(chǎn)inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪bring...toruin使……毀滅；使……沒落fallin/intoruin滅亡；荒廢ruinone’shope(s)/health/fame使某人的希望破滅；毀壞某人的健康/名譽(yù)歸納拓展(1)Aftertheearthquake，wecanseetheruinsofthevillage.地震后我們可以看到這個(gè)村子成了一片廢墟。(2)Theheavyrainruinedourholiday.大雨把我們的假期徹底搞砸了。(3)Yearsoffightinghaslefttheareainruins.幾年的戰(zhàn)事已經(jīng)使得這個(gè)地區(qū)滿目瘡痍。語境助記ruin，damage，destroy三個(gè)詞都有“毀滅，破壞”之意，但它們的含義不同。(1)ruin指徹底毀掉，但不含有以某種摧毀性的力量進(jìn)行破壞，而含有在一定的過程中逐漸毀掉的意思；強(qiáng)調(diào)使某物失去優(yōu)良的特性或特征。(2)damage指程度較小的“破壞，損壞”，強(qiáng)調(diào)價(jià)值、用途降低或外表損壞等。一般指被破壞的物品可以重新修復(fù)。(3)destroy常指徹底的、不能或很難修復(fù)的“破壞，毀壞”，程度較深，強(qiáng)調(diào)“毀壞”的力度和徹底性；也可用于損壞抽象的東西，比如名譽(yù)、計(jì)劃、努力、契約等。易混辨析(1)用ruin，damage，destroy的適當(dāng)形式填空①Anearthquakesometimescan

thewholecity.②Thecarwasonlyslightly

whenithitthewall.③Thefactthathehadbeeninprison

hischancesforpublicoffice.題組訓(xùn)練destroy/ruindamagedruined(2)“Ifyougoonstealing，youwill

yourbrightfuture，youngman！”saidthejudge.(2016·射陽二中高一月考)A.destroy B.damageC.ruin D.break√解析句意為：法官說：“如果你繼續(xù)偷竊，你會(huì)毀了你光明的前途，年輕人！”destroy嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞；damage部分性損壞；ruin損壞某種好的或有用的東西；break弄壞。此處指使人的前途破滅，故用ruin。故選C。答案解析6Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingsburiedbeneaththesand，togetherwithalotoftreasures，includingcoins，paintedpots，materialsuchassilk，documentsandwallpaintings.斯文發(fā)現(xiàn)了那深埋于沙下的古建筑遺跡以及許多寶藏，包括錢幣、帶有圖畫的壺，像絲綢這樣的布料、文獻(xiàn)以及壁畫。(1)remainsn.[pl.]古代遺物，古跡，遺址；剩余物，殘留物；剩飯菜(2)remainvi.留下，剩下，殘留(不用進(jìn)行時(shí)，無被動(dòng))；保持，仍然，繼續(xù)remain＋形容詞/名詞/分詞/介詞短語

保持/仍然……remaintobedone有待于被做Itremainstobeseenwhether...……尚待分曉；……還不確定。(3)remainingadj.剩下的，余下的歸納拓展(1)Shefedtheremainsofherlunchtothedog.她把剩下的午飯喂狗了。(2)Heremainedsilent.他保持沉默。(3)Iwenttothecity，butmybrotherremainedathome.我進(jìn)了城，但是我弟弟待在家里。(4)Itremainstobeseenwhetheryouareright.你是否正確，尚待分曉。(5)Theremainingstudentswillservetheaudience.剩下的學(xué)生將為觀眾們服務(wù)。語境助記(1)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Wewereshockedatthe

(remain)oftheancientRome.②—James，areyoubusytoday?—Yes.Alotofworkremains

(do)rightaway.題組訓(xùn)練remainstobedone(2)Withseveralproblems

tobesolved，westillneedtoholdanothermeetingassoonaspossible.(2017·射陽二中高一學(xué)情調(diào)研)A.remained B.remainingC.remain D.toremain√解析句意為：還有幾個(gè)剩下的問題要解決，我們?nèi)孕璞M快地召開一次會(huì)議。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，severalproblems和remain之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，選B。答案解析(3)Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury，andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding

now.A.remainsB.isremainedC.isremainingD.hasbeenremained√解析句意為：這座宮殿在上個(gè)世紀(jì)發(fā)生過三次火災(zāi)，其最初的建筑現(xiàn)在所剩無幾。remain為系動(dòng)詞，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；remain一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故選A項(xiàng)。答案解析經(jīng)典句式1Nearthecitywasavolcano.離該城不遠(yuǎn)處有一座火山。此句為完全倒裝句。當(dāng)句首為表示地點(diǎn)的副詞或介詞短語，主語是名詞而不是代詞，且謂語動(dòng)詞是be，stand，sit，lie，live，come等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡或使上下文銜接更緊密，常使用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。歸納拓展(1)Hereisthebookyouwant.你要的書在這兒。(2)Onthedeskweresomeflowers.桌上放著一些鮮花。(3)InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.在英格蘭一所大學(xué)的講堂里坐著一位教授。(4)Beyondtheriverlivesanoldfisherman.有個(gè)老漁夫住在河的對(duì)岸。語境助記(1)Johnopenedthedoor.There

hehadneverseenbefore.A.agirldidstand B.agirlstoodC.didagirlstand D.stoodagirl題組訓(xùn)練√解析句意為：約翰打開門，一個(gè)他以前從來沒有見過的女孩站在那里。以here，there，up，down等副詞開頭且主語為名詞的句子通常用全部倒裝語序，即把謂語動(dòng)詞提到主語的前面。答案解析(2)Infrontofourhouse

weusedtoswim.(2016·江陰四校高一期中)A.ariverliesthatB.doesariverliewhereC.liesariverwhichD.liesariverwhere√解析句意為：我們家前面有一條河，過去我們常常在那兒游泳。infrontofourhouse是介詞短語，介詞短語放在句首時(shí)，句子要完全倒裝，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；后面是定語從句，ariver是先行詞，定語從句weusedtoswim中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，要用where引導(dǎo)。所以選D。答案解析2ItisbelievedtohavebeengraduallycoveredoverbysandstormsfromAD200toAD400.人們相信，它是在公元200年至公元400年間被沙塵暴逐漸吞沒的。句中it指代LoulanCity。Sb./Sth.isbelievedtodo...是個(gè)固定句型，根據(jù)動(dòng)詞不定式與believed動(dòng)作之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系來確定使用不定式的一般式(todo)、進(jìn)行式(tobedoing)還是完成式(tohavedone)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為Itisbelievedthat...，it為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，且that不能省略，意為“人們相信……”。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布……歸納拓展Itissupposedthat...人們認(rèn)為……Itiswell-knownthat...眾所周知……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Itishopedthat...人們希望……Itisthoughtthat...人們認(rèn)為……(1)Sheissaidtowanttobecomeateacherinthefuture.＝Itissaidthatshewantstobeateacherinthefuture.據(jù)說她將來想當(dāng)老師。(2)Sheissaidtobewritingabook.＝Itissaidthatsheiswritingabook.據(jù)說她正在寫書。(3)ItisbelievedthatTomhasleftthecountry.＝Tomisbelievedtohaveleftthecountry.人們相信湯姆已經(jīng)離開了這個(gè)國(guó)家。語境助記(1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空TheweatherhasremainedextremelyhotsinceJune，whichissaidto

(cause)severalsuddendeathsinourcity.題組訓(xùn)練havecaused(2)LiMingissaid

theexperimentinthelab，butIcan’tfindhimthere.A.tohavedone B.todoC.tobedoing D.doing√解析句意為：據(jù)說李明正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室做實(shí)驗(yàn)，但我在那兒沒找到他。Sb./Sth.besaidtodo...據(jù)說……，排除D；由句意可知此處表示進(jìn)行，故用不定式的進(jìn)行式。答案解析(3)AIDSissaid

thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.A.thatitis B.tobeC.thatithasbeen D.tohavebeen√解析句意為：據(jù)說，在過去的幾年中，艾滋病對(duì)于那個(gè)地區(qū)的男女來說已經(jīng)成為最大的健康挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)句型“Sb./Sth.besaidtodo...”可排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；由句子中的時(shí)間狀語overthepastfewyears可知要用不定式的完成式。故答案為D。答案解析難句分析1WhenIwalkedaroundthecity，Isawstreetsjustastheyhadbeen，withsteppingstonesalongtheroadsoyoudidnothavetostepinthemudonrainydays!句式分析：when引導(dǎo)

從句，主句的主干是Isawstreets，而astheyhadbeen用作

狀語，介詞短語withsteppingstonesalongtheroad是streets的

，連詞so后接

從句。自主翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________________

當(dāng)我在城中漫步時(shí)，我看到保持原樣的街道，沿路都有墊腳石，這樣下雨天你就不用在泥濘中行走了！時(shí)間狀語方式定語結(jié)果狀語2Thedesertwasonceagreenlandwithhugetrees，buttheywerecutdownandthatresultedinthecitybeingburiedbysand—whatapity!句式分析：本句是并列句，resultedin后面的賓語thecitybeingburiedbysand是

，city與bury之間存在

關(guān)系，故用beingburied。在動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，其邏輯主語一般由物主代詞、名詞所有格、人稱代詞的賓格和名詞的普通格來充當(dāng)。自主翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________

這片沙漠曾經(jīng)是大樹成蔭的綠洲，但這些樹被砍倒了，導(dǎo)致了這座城市被沙塵掩埋——多么遺憾??！動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)當(dāng)堂達(dá)標(biāo)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.

(漸漸地)，thoseteachersbecameawarethattheywereindangeroflosingtheirjobs.2.Abomb

atabusyrailwaystationthismorning，causingthedeathsof74people.3.The1987hurricane(颶風(fēng))wastheworstnatural

tohitEnglandfordecades.4.HarvardUniversitywas

in1636andnamedafterJohnHarvard.Graduallyexplodeddisasterfounded5.Iwonderifthereisabank

(在附近).6.

(商業(yè)的)televisionisaneffectivemediumforadvertising.7.Everyroominthathousewaselaborately

(裝飾).8.A

sponsorcametoourrescuewithagenerousdonation.nearbyCommercialdecoratedwealthyⅡ.選詞填空takeover；breakdown；resultin；turnout；beknownas9.Hishardwork

excellentgradesinhisexams.10.IfGeorgekeepsonworkingsohard，he’ll

soonerorlater.11.Whenshefellillherdaughter

thebusinessfromher.12.She

afamoussingeratthattime.13.TheSpringFestivaldidn’t

asexciting，whichwasbeyondourexpectation.resultedinbreakdowntookoverwasknownasturnoutⅢ.完成句子14.雪下了一個(gè)星期，造成了整個(gè)地區(qū)嚴(yán)重的交通混亂。Thesnowlastedforaweek，

inthewholearea.15.墻上懸掛的是他三十多歲時(shí)的繪畫。Onthewall

done