第一部分教材知識(shí)講練必修第三冊(cè)UNIT2

MORALSANDVIRTUES續(xù)寫語(yǔ)料積累背誦·句之美1.(心理描寫)AllofthesewereseenbyJustinandtheburdenofguiltweighedheavilyonhismind.2.(行為描寫)Maxcriedatthissight,throwingafistintheair,whileLilyscreamedwithexcitement.3.(人物描寫)Shewasoneofthefriendliestpeopleinschool,withshinyblackhairandamile-widesmile.續(xù)寫語(yǔ)料積累欣賞·語(yǔ)之秀Theelderlywomanenteredthestore,alongwithherdaughter,whowasdisplayingaseriouscaseofimpatience,rollinghereyes,sighingandcheckingherwatcheveryfewseconds.Iguessedifshehadpossessedarope,shewouldhavefastenedittohermothertodragheralongtokeepstepwiththerushofothershoppers.語(yǔ)基自主檢測(cè)·目標(biāo)確立核心單詞1.______________vt.(舉例)說(shuō)明；闡明；給(書或文章)加插圖2.____________vi.&vt.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷3.________vt.聘任；雇用；租用

n.租借；租用4.__________vt.發(fā)表(作品)；出版5.__________vi.&vt.退休；退職；退出6.________vi.昏倒；暈厥

adj.不清楚的；微弱的7.__________n.十年；十年期illustratecomplainhirepublishretirefaintdecade核心單詞8.__________vi.&vt.悄聲說(shuō)；耳語(yǔ)；低語(yǔ)n.耳語(yǔ)(聲)；低語(yǔ)(聲)；傳言；謠傳9.________vt.&vi.咬；叮；蜇

n.咬；(咬下的)一口；咬傷10.________n.&vt.傷害；損害11.____________adj.靈活的；可變通的12.__________n.記憶力；回憶whisperbiteharmflexiblememory語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.(2024·浙江1月卷)Thechief____________(complain)aboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.2.Ifyouwanttohaveyourwriting______________(publish)inourmagazine,pleasecontactusbye-mail.3.Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleof__________(decade).4.Ifyoudon'tfeellikegivingupyourjob,justconsider__________(hire)ababysitter.complaintpublisheddecadeshiring語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)5.Manypeopleworkduringtheirlunchhourinsteadoftakingabreak,whichdefinitely________(harm)theirhealth.6.CHRONOLOGICAisaninformativeandentertainingtourintohistory,beautifully________________(illustrate)andfullofunbelievablefacts.7.Youngmapletreesgetting_______(bite)byinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighbouringplantscanget.8.Wilson,a__________(retire)engineer,hasbeenofferingfreeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.9.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,______________(whisper)support.harmsillustratedbittenretiredwhispering派生單詞1.marryvt.&vi.結(jié)婚；娶；嫁；把……嫁給→____________n.結(jié)婚；婚姻2.rejectvt.拒絕接受；不錄用→____________n.拒絕接受；否決3.electvt.選舉；推選→____________n.選舉；推選；當(dāng)選4.scarevt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇→__________adj.害怕的；對(duì)……感到驚慌或恐懼的

→________adj.引起恐慌的5.operatevt.&vi.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；操作；實(shí)行；動(dòng)手術(shù)→___________n.手術(shù)；企業(yè)；經(jīng)營(yíng)6.tenseadj.緊張的；擔(dān)心的；繃緊的→__________n.緊張關(guān)系；緊張；焦慮marriagerejectionelectionscaredscaryoperationtension語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.Therewererumorsthattheysecretlyobtaineda__________certificateandlatergot__________inHongKong,China.(marry)2.Herdemandwas________outofhand,sincewhenshe'sbeensufferingthepainof________.(reject)3.ThepeopleofIranvoted____________anewpresident,whodeliveredatelevisedspeechshortlyafterthe____________.(elect)4.Girlsareusually__________ofwatching________movies,whichwillkeep__________themintoscreaming.(scare)marriagmarriedrejectedrejectiontoelectelectionscaredscaryscaring語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)5.The____________ofthedeviceisextremelysimple,andevenachildcanlearn______________itinlessthan10minutes.(operate)6.Hiscoachsaidtohim,“Ithinkyourarmsaretoo________andthat__________isruiningyouraccuracy.”(tense)operationtooperatetensetension高頻短語(yǔ)1.____________________________幫助某人渡過(guò)難關(guān)2.____________去世3.__________________作為對(duì)……的紀(jì)念4.____________被……絆倒5.____________流著淚；含著淚6.______________處于絕望中7.________________________大量8.____________________________竭盡全力；全力以赴carrysbthroughsthpassawayinmemoryoftripoverintearsindespairagreatdeal(of)withallone'smight語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(選用左欄短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.She__________________someone'sfootinthedarkenedcinemaandalmostfell.2.Afterrepeatedfailures,shegaveuptheattempt______________.3.Itwasfamily'ssupportandhisowndeterminationthat__________________________thecrisis.4.TheWater-SprinklingFestivaliscelebrated_________________sevenheroineswhoprotectedtheDaipeople.trippedoverindespaircarriedhimthroughinmemoryof語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(選用左欄短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空)5.Theparentsbrokedown____________whentheysawtheirlostchildcomingback.6.Heunfortunately________________lastyearduetohiscancer,butheleftadeepimpressiononme.intearspassedaway原句結(jié)構(gòu)辨識(shí)寫作佳句背誦1.wouldratherdo...I'dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife.小瑞秋提出給媽媽沏杯茶，但媽媽寧愿等爸爸來(lái)做。LittleRachelofferedtomakeacupofteabut______________________________________.(續(xù)寫之動(dòng)作描寫)MumwouldratherwaitforDad原句結(jié)構(gòu)辨識(shí)寫作佳句背誦2.whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Nothinggoodcancometoanationwhosepeopleonlycomplainandexpectotherstosolvetheirproblems.后座上放著一束花，汽車?yán)飶浡钊擞淇斓幕ㄏ?。Inthebackseatsatabunchofflowers,___________________________________.(續(xù)寫之場(chǎng)景描寫)whosepleasantscentfilledthecar考點(diǎn)歸納探究·精準(zhǔn)講練1.respondvt.回答；回復(fù)

vi.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)①By_____________(respond)quicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems,smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.②(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Theirresponses____thequestionsreflectedtheirtruebeliefthat“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”③Ifanargumentgetsresolved,theemotional____________(respond)tiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased.respondingtoresponse我的回應(yīng)顯然大大超出女兒的預(yù)料，她皺著眉頭的臉上慢慢綻放出燦爛的笑容。______________________________________________________________________,andherfrowningfaceslowlybrokeintoabrightsmile.Myresponsewasobviouslyfarmorethanwhatmydaughterhadexpected

respondtosb/sth對(duì)……做出回答或回應(yīng)；應(yīng)對(duì)……

respond(tosb/sth)bydoingsth通過(guò)做某事回應(yīng)(某人/某事)

responsen.反應(yīng)；回答；回復(fù)

inresponseto...以回應(yīng)……

makea/noresponseto...對(duì)……做出回應(yīng)/不予回答

respondquicklytoachallenge迅速應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)

respondtochangesinthefashionindustry應(yīng)對(duì)時(shí)裝業(yè)的變化

writeinresponsetoyourrequest寫信回復(fù)你的請(qǐng)求2.appointvt.[課本義]任命；委派[增補(bǔ)義]約定；指定(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等)①Thedisabledgirlwasattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse______________(appoint)toguardher.②(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Peoplestartedqueuingtomakean_______________(appoint)earlyinthemorning.③SamuelSmithappointed________(he)mayorofBaltimoreand,muchtothereliefofmanywealthypeople,tookchargeofthecity.appointedappointmenthimself今寫信向你道歉，我不能在約定的時(shí)間陪你去書店了。I'mwritingtoapologisetoyoufornotbeingableto________________________________________________.accompanyyoutothebookstoreattheappointedtime

appointsb(as/tobe)...任命某人為……

appointsbto(do)sth委派某人做某事

appointmentn.任命；約會(huì)

makeanappointmentwithsb與某人約會(huì)/預(yù)約

keep/breakanappointment守/違約

appointDavistothejob委派戴維斯做這項(xiàng)工作

beappointedtodirecttheproject被委派管理這項(xiàng)工程

turnupattheappointedplace到達(dá)約定地點(diǎn)3.tendvt.照顧；照料

vi.傾向；趨于①Theyoungmantookajob__________(tend)acoffeebarafterhearrivedinNewYork.②Ifwegrowupeatingcertainfoodsinourfamily,thenthosefoodstend_______________(link)withpositiveemotions.③Thelambhadbecomeseparatedfromitsmother,soIjumpedoutofthetractortotend____itwhileDonstayedinhisseat.tendingtobelinkedto每當(dāng)我趨向于抱怨并且想放棄時(shí)，我都會(huì)看到他在竭盡全力，然后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己也有了努力工作的動(dòng)力。_____________________________________,Iwatchhimpushhimselftohisownlimits,andIfindmyselfmotivatedtoworkashard.WheneverItendtocomplainandquit

tend(to)sb/sth照料；護(hù)理

tendtodosth易于做某事；往往會(huì)做某事

tendencyn.傾向；趨勢(shì)

haveatendencytodosth傾向于做某事；往往會(huì)做某事

thereisatendencytodosth有一種做某事的傾向

tendtomakemistakes往往會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤

tend(to)thesedisabledchildrencarefully細(xì)心照料這些殘疾的孩子

haveatendencytotalktoomuch總愛嘮叨4.replacevt.[課本義]接替；取代；更換[增補(bǔ)義]把……放回原處①Iwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceit________abaseballuniform.②ForPruitt,akeenbicyclist,thefirstthingtodowas_______________(replace)hisstolenbike.③____________(replace)petrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectricandsharedsystemscouldsharplyreducecarbonemissions.with/by(to)replaceReplacing他眼里閃現(xiàn)出一絲懷疑，但很快被堅(jiān)定的信心所取代。Alookofdisbeliefcameintohiseyes,but____________________________________.wasquicklyreplacedbyfirmconfidence

replace...with/by...用……替換……

replace...as...取代……而成為……

taketheplaceofsb/takeone'splace代替某人

inplaceofsb/inone'splace代替某人

replacethemagazinesafterreading雜志讀完后放回原處

replacetheoriginalpaintingwithacopy用摹本換走原畫

usemilkinplaceofcreaminthisrecipe在這個(gè)食譜中用牛奶代替奶油5.assistvt.幫助；援助①(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Ialwaysassistmyparents____doingthedishesaftermeals.②Allpowerswereinthehandsoftheemperoralone,withagroupofministers____________(assist)himwithgovernmentaffairs.③(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheir______________(assist)workingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned.inassistingassistants(普通表達(dá))Thetwins,helpedbytheirfather,finallysucceededincookingadeliciousbreakfast.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Thetwins,______________________________________________________,finallysucceededincookingadeliciousbreakfast.assistedbytheirfather/withtheassistanceoftheirfather

assistsbtodosth幫助某人做某事

assistsbindoingsth幫助某人做某事

assistsbwith/insth幫助某人做某事

assistancen.幫助；援助；支持

withone'sassistance在某人的幫助下

cometoone'sassistance來(lái)幫助某人

assisthimtogetonhisfeetagain幫助他重新站起來(lái)

assistmeinfindingaplacetolive幫我找個(gè)住的地方

assistthedoctorwiththeoperation協(xié)助醫(yī)生做手術(shù)6.[教材原句]SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.她立即成為第一位被聘為北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科住院醫(yī)師的女性。①(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhiswork_____________(hold)inoverfortyyears.②(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwoman______________(receive)amedicaldegree.③(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Thefirstrhino________(be)bornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.tobeheldtoreceivetobe出乎意料的是，當(dāng)宮殿最近重新向公眾開放時(shí)，我是第一批進(jìn)入其中的人。Surprisingly,Iwasamong_____________________________________whenitreopenedtothepublicrecently.thefirstevertogainentrytothepalacethefirst/second＋n.＋todo意為“第一/二個(gè)做……的人/物”。名詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，其后常接動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，此時(shí)不定式表示已完成的動(dòng)作。如果名詞與不定式之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，不定式要用主動(dòng)形式(todo)；如是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則不定式要用被動(dòng)形式(tobedone)。AttheBeijingOlympicsshebecamethefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metresOlympicgold.在北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，她成為第一位獲得女子百米奧運(yùn)金牌的牙買加人。7.[教材原句]Afterawhile,agroupofwomencamealong,eachbalancingapotofwateronherhead.過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，一群婦女走了過(guò)來(lái)，每個(gè)人頭上都頂著一罐水。①Thegoldseekerswouldcarrytheirsuppliesinbackpacks,each____________(weigh)uptofiftypounds.②Hundredsofrefugees,most__________(dress)inrags,attemptedtoenterothercountries.③Theend-termexamination__________(draw)near,manystudentshavetostayuplatereviewingtheirlessons.weighingdresseddrawing婦女們?cè)谠\所的走廊里排起了長(zhǎng)隊(duì)，有些抱著哭泣的孩子。走廊色彩鮮艷，點(diǎn)綴著卡通人物。Women,__________________________________,formedalongqueueintheclinic'sbrightly-colouredcorridordottedwithcartooncharacters.somecarryingcryingchildren教材原句中的eachbalancingapotofwateronherhead是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由“名詞/代詞＋名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等”構(gòu)成，用于修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞與其后的成分構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可置于主句前、主句后或主句中，在句中作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句。Jimwaslisteningtothelecture,allhisattentionfixedonit.吉姆正全神貫注地聽講座。多維強(qiáng)基固本·達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空。1.Totallylostinadaydream,shemadeno____________(respond)tohermother'squestion.2.Thejudgewillappointacourtlawyer__________(defend)thesuspectifhecan'taffordone.3.Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some__________(have)alifespanofaround20years.responsetodefendhaving4.Tchaikovskywasgivenastatefuneral—thefirstcommonerever________________(grant)thishonour.5.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Cattletend_____________(keep)inremoteplacesandtheirvaluehasrisen,makingthemappealingtargets.6.Therehavebeenmanyreportsinrecentyearsthatwarnoffuturejoblosseswithcomputers___________(replace)humansinmanyindustries.tobegrantedtobekeptreplacingⅡ.在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1.Whenfeelinganeconomicslowdown,manypeopletendtorespond____spendingless.2.Soitisunlikelythatcoffeecanreplacetea____thecountry'smaindrinkanytimesoon.3.Ashadbeenexpected,hewasappointed____chairmanoftheChineseFootballAssociation.4.Manychildrenofoff-farmworkerswereleftbehindathome,withnoonetotend____them.byasastoⅢ.熟詞生義(選出黑體詞在句中的漢語(yǔ)意思)1.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)The

Socrates

Expressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.___A.急劇的 B.鋒利的 C.深刻的C2.Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity,theSummerPalace,andtheTempleofHeaven,thehutongsreflectthecultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.___A.球場(chǎng)

B.宮廷

C.法院3.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Christripsonthe“-ld”,apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.___A.磕巴

B.旅行

C.絆倒BAⅣ.長(zhǎng)難語(yǔ)句(分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)并翻譯成漢語(yǔ))1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，可簡(jiǎn)化為：A...studyshowsthat...changes...ledtonewspeechsounds...。句中的第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)出______從句，第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)出______從句，修飾sounds。[嘗試翻譯]__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)一項(xiàng)歷時(shí)五年的開創(chuàng)性研究表明，人類咬食物方式的改變導(dǎo)致了新語(yǔ)音的出現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)在，這些語(yǔ)音在世界上一半的語(yǔ)言中都有發(fā)現(xiàn)。2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisdesignedtoreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrityofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassetsforfuturegenerations”.

本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，可簡(jiǎn)化為：TheGPNPisdesignedtoreflecttheguidingprinciple...。句中principle后面的介詞短語(yǔ)of...是作______，修飾principle，其中，protecting...,preserving...,protecting...,andleavingbehind...是四個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作介詞of的______。[嘗試翻譯]_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)大熊貓國(guó)家公園的設(shè)計(jì)旨在體現(xiàn)這樣一個(gè)指導(dǎo)原則，即“保護(hù)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實(shí)性和完整性，保護(hù)生物多樣性，保護(hù)生態(tài)緩沖區(qū)，為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”。寫作提能培優(yōu)·進(jìn)階訓(xùn)練Step1.單句寫作(利用本單元知識(shí)補(bǔ)全所給英文句子)①我們的校長(zhǎng)李華是一個(gè)品德高尚的人。Ourprincipal,LiHua,is__________________.②他把全部精力都貢獻(xiàn)給了自己的事業(yè)，從來(lái)不抱怨工作的艱苦。Hehasdevotedallhisenergytohiscareer,__________________________________.amanofvirtuenevercomplainingaboutthehardwork③他樂(lè)于助人，經(jīng)常幫助有困難的人渡過(guò)難關(guān)。Heisalwaysreadytohelpothersand______________________________________________.④他工作了幾十年，幾個(gè)月前退休了。______________________afterhavingworked______________.⑤他仍精力充沛，愿意繼續(xù)為我們學(xué)校做些力所能及的工作。_____________________________________________forourschool.⑥全體教職員工都非常尊敬他，而他確實(shí)值得尊敬！_________________________________________andheistrulyworthyoftherespect!oftencarriespeopleinneedthroughtroublesHeretiredmonthsagofordecadesHeisstillenergetic,andwillingtodowhathecanAlltheteachingstaffhavegreatrespectforhimStep2.銜接成文(利用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞語(yǔ)連句成篇)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ourprincipal,LiHua,isamanofvirtue.Hehasdevotedallhisenerg