初背：eq\a\vs4\al()月eq\a\vs4\al()日再背：eq\a\vs4\al()月eq\a\vs4\al()日一、必背話題詞匯1．citizenn．公民2．residentn.居民3．habitantn.居民；居住者4．growthn.增長5．immigrantn.移民6．migrationn.遷移；移居7．ruraladj.鄉(xiāng)村的8．urbanadj.城市的；市郊的9．a(chǎn)geingn．&adj.老齡化；變老的10．increasevi.&n.增加11．decreasevi.減少12．declinevi.降低；下降13．settledown定居下來14．settlein在……居住；安頓下來15．birth/deathrate出生/死亡率16．floatingpopulation流動人口17．haveapopulationof有……的人口18．migrantworker農(nóng)民工19．populationdensity人口密度20．universaltwo-childpolicy全面兩孩政策eq\a\vs4\al([閱讀中常見的四六級詞匯])1．deputyn.副職；代表2．inhabitantn.居民3．bureaun.局；辦事處4．provisionn.[pl.]給養(yǎng)；口糧；準(zhǔn)備；設(shè)備；裝置5．personneln.[pl.]全體人員；職工；人事部門二、必背話題佳句1．Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandgrowthofitspopulation,moreandmoregoodfarmlandhasbeenusedtobuildhousesandfactories.隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人口的增長，越來越多的良田被用來建造房屋和工廠。2．Itcoversatotalareaof7,434.4squarekilometerswithapopulationof14.0435million.它的總面積是7434.4平方千米，總?cè)丝谑?404.35萬。world.Itsasthelargestnumberofinhabitantsintheworld.ItspopulationisapproximatelythesameasthepopulationsofIndiaandtheU．K.puttogether.中國擁有世界上最多的人口，它的人口接近印度和英國兩國人口的總和。4．However,thelowbirthratewillcauseanincreaseinageingpopulation.然而，低出生率將會導(dǎo)致老年人口的增加。5．Migrantworkershavemadeagreatcontributiontotheprosperityofcities.農(nóng)民工為城市的繁榮做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。6．AlargepercentageoftheseimmigrantssettledinthefiveblocksofNewYorkCity.這些移民中的大部分人定居在紐約市的五個街區(qū)里。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Withthetwo-childpolicy,anincrease(增加)inbirthswilleasethelaborshortage.2．Somewastechemicalsfrommanufacturinginrural(鄉(xiāng)村的)areaspollutedtheunderwater.3．Asacitizen(市民),wemustn'tdoanythingtoharmourcity.4．Onethirdoftheworld'spopulation(人口)consumestwothirdsoftheworld'sresources.5．First,annualworldgrainsoutputhasdeclined(下降)becauseofclimatechange.6．It'seasierandmoreconvenientforurban(城市的)residentstohaveaccesstomoderntransportation.7．Thenumberofnewstudentsdecreased(減少)from210to160thisyear.8．Themainreasonliesinourrapidgrowth(grow)ineconomyandall-aroundnationalpower.9．Ourgovernmenthasspentlotsoftimeinsolvingtheageing(age)problem.immigrants.Betweenndofimmigrants.Between1815and1914,theworldwitnessedthegreatestpeacefulmigration(migrate)initshistory.Ⅱ.選詞填空eq\x(settledown，birthrate，floatingpopulation，haveapopulationof，migrantworker)cities.Themershavetoleavetheirhometowntomakealivinginbigcities.Thefloating_populationthatexistsinChinaisaspecialphenomenon.2．RemembertoinvitethemtoBeijingwhenyouhavealreadysettled_down.3．Someexpertssaythebirth_rateofChinese,aftertheone-childpolicyisrelaxed,canseeamodestincreaseinfuture.4．MoreChinesemigrant_workersbringtheirchildrentothecityforbettereducation,ratherthanleavingthembehindinthecountryside.5．Intermsofsizeandpopulation,Hangzhoucoversanareaof16,596squarekilometersandhas_a_population_of9.18million.Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．全面兩孩政策將可能會平均每年增加約250萬新生兒。The_universal_two-child_policywilllikelyaddanaverageof2.5millionnewbornsperyear.2．在中國，越來越多的農(nóng)民到城里去定居，因此城市正變得越來越大。InChina,moreandmorefarmersare_settling_incities,socitiesarebeinglargerandlarger.3．Chinaisabigcountryofagriculturewhichhasthelargestpopulationintheworld.→Chinaisabigcountryofagriculturewith_the_largest_populationintheworld.初背：eq\a\vs4\al()月eq\a\vs4\al()日再背：eq\a\vs4\al()月eq\a\vs4\al()日一、必背話題詞匯1．creaturen．生物；動物2．speciesn.物種3．ecologyn.生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)4．evolutionn.進(jìn)化；演變5．beastn.野獸；牲畜6．insectn.昆蟲7．pestn.害蟲8．feathern.羽毛9．bamboon.竹子10．maplen.楓樹11．pinen.松樹12．trunkn.樹干13．bacteriumn．(pl.bacteria)細(xì)菌14．virusn.病毒15．survivevt.&vi.幸免于；幸存16．survivaln.存活；幸存17．genen.基因18．habitatn.棲息地19．endangeredadj.瀕危的20．extinctadj.滅絕的21．clonevt.克隆22．protectvt.保護(hù)23．reservevt.儲存；保護(hù)n.自然保護(hù)區(qū)24．conservevt.保存25．hatchvi.&vt.孵蛋26．irrigatevt.灌溉27．dieout滅亡；逐漸消失28．cutdown砍倒；削減29．makeadifference有影響；起(重要)作用30．befacedwith面臨eq\a\vs4\al([閱讀中常見的四六級詞匯])1．fertileadj. 肥沃的；多產(chǎn)的2．staleadj. 不新鮮的；陳腐的3．marineadj. 海的；海產(chǎn)的4．violetadj. 紫色的5．decayvi. 腐爛；腐朽二、必背話題佳句1．It'stimewetookmeasurestoprotecttheriverfrombeingpolluted.是我們采取措施防止這條河流污染的時候了。2．Thenumberofplantsandanimalsontheearthisbeingsmallerandsmaller.地球上的植物和動物的數(shù)量正變得越來越少。3．Airandwaterarebeingpollutedsothattheenvironmentinwhichanimalsliveisdestroyed.空氣和水正受到污染，以至于動物生存的環(huán)境被破壞。4．Iwonderiflawswillbemadetopunishthosewhoinjureorevenkillanimalsmoreseverely.我想知道是否能制定一些法律來嚴(yán)懲那些傷害甚至殺死動物的人。5．Elephantswouldbeindangerofdyingoutifmenwereallowedtoshootasmanyastheywished.如果再允許人們隨心所欲地射殺大象，大象就會有滅絕的危險。6．Withonlyabout1,800pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonemorepandasandsavetheendangeredspecies.由于世界上僅存約1800只大熊貓，中國正全力地試圖克隆更多的大熊貓以拯救此瀕危物種。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Thefishwillbehelpfulinstudyingtheevolution(進(jìn)化)ofanimals.2．Besides,toomuchhuntingalsocausesthedisappearanceofcertainspecies(物種)．3．AlaskanEskimosbelievethateverylivingcreature(生物)possessesaspirit.4．Don'tforgettobringachemicaltokeepinsects(昆蟲)away.5．Bamboo(竹子)isatalltropicalplantwithhollowstems.6．It'swrongforpeopletohuntanimalsfortheirmeatandfeather(羽毛),fortheyareourfriends.7．Inmyopinion,peoplegettheirgenes(基因)fromtheirparents.8．Thegrasslandisanimportanthabitat(棲息地)formanywildflowers.9.Thearticlediscussesthesurvival(survive)abilityofwildlifeduringwinter.10．Therearemoreandmoreendangered(endanger)animalsatpresent,sohowtoprotectthemhasbeenourtaskoftoppriority.Ⅱ.選詞填空dieout，cutdown，befacedwith，makeadifference，clone，protect，survive，irrigate1．Nowadays,weare_faced_withaveryseriousproblemofairpollution.2．Clonedanimalshaveashorterlifeparedwiththeoriginalanimals.3．Insomeareas,thelocalfarmersirrigatethefarmlandswithgroundwater.4．Fromnowon,everybodyshouldprotecttheenvironmentandmakeourhomeabetterworld.5．Theboyisluckyenoughtosurvivetheexplosion.6．Immediateactionsshouldbetaken,likestoppingcutting_downtrees,tobettertheenvironment.7．Onlywhenwematchourwordswithactionscanwemake_a_differenceinwhateverwehopetoacplish.8．Manyoftheearth'splantsandanimalshavealreadydied_out,_andahundredspeciesbeeendangeredeveryday.Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．在過去的八年里西藏野驢的數(shù)量從3萬增加到10萬多頭。The_number_ofEquusKianghas_increasedfrom30,000toover100,000inthepasteightyears.2．是我們采取措施保護(hù)瀕危動物的時候了。It's_time_we_took/should_take_measurestoprotectendangeredanimals.3．Peoplecutdownoneforestafteranotherandasaresult,someanimalshavenowheretolive.→Peoplecutdownoneforestafteranotherso_thatsomeanimalshavenowheretolive.初背：eq\a\vs4\al()月eq\a\vs4\al()日再背：eq\a\vs4\al()月eq\a\vs4\al()日一、必背話題詞匯1．naturaldisasters自然災(zāi)害；天災(zāi)2．droughtn.干旱3．hurricanen.颶風(fēng)4．sandstormn.沙塵暴5．typhoonn.臺風(fēng)6．volcanon.火山7．tsunamin.海嘯8．landsliden.山體滑坡9．mudsliden.泥石流10．a(chǎn)cidrainn.酸雨11．shortagen.缺乏12．damagen．&vt.毀壞；破壞13．destroyvt.摧毀；破壞14．ruinvt.(使)毀壞；(使)毀滅n.(復(fù))廢墟；遺跡15．disappearvi.消失16．threatenvt.威脅17．predictvt.預(yù)報；預(yù)言；預(yù)告18．eruptvi.(火山)爆發(fā)；噴發(fā)19．terrifyvt.使感到恐怖20．frightenvt.使驚恐21．distributevt.發(fā)放；分發(fā)22．burstinto突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)23．volcaniceruption火山爆發(fā)24．digout挖掘；發(fā)現(xiàn)...to...ate...to...向……捐贈……26．strickenarea受災(zāi)地區(qū)27．economiclosses經(jīng)濟(jì)損失28．etoone'srescue前來救某人29．betrappedinruins被困在廢墟中30．rebuildone'shome重建某人的家園eq\a\vs4\al([閱讀中常見的四六級詞匯])1．vibratev． (使)振動；顫動2．remedyn．&vt. 補(bǔ)救；醫(yī)治；治療3．inevitableadj. 不可避免的4．precautionn. 預(yù)防；防備；警惕二、必背話題佳句1．Theearthquakecausedstructuraldamagetomostofthebuildingsinthetown.這次地震給城鎮(zhèn)的大部分建筑造成了結(jié)構(gòu)性的破壞。2．Sometimesasmileissopowerfulthatitgivespeoplesufferingfromdisastersgreatcourage.有時候，微笑會如此有力量以至于它給遭受災(zāi)難的人以巨大的勇氣。3．Asevereearthquakedestroyedalmosteverything,leavingbadlydamagedbuildings.一場劇烈的地震幾乎毀了一切，留下了嚴(yán)重受損的建筑物。4．Thecountryhasprovidedfoodandclothesforthehomelesspeopleinthedisaster-strickenareas.這個國家已經(jīng)為災(zāi)區(qū)無家可歸的人們提供了食品和衣物。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Pompeiiwasdestroyedwhenthevolcano(火山)eruptedin79AD.2．Itnotonlyaffectsoureverydaylife,butmayalsothreaten(威脅)people'slives.3．It'sreportedthatmorevolunteerswillgotoNewOrleansforthehurricane(颶風(fēng))clean-up.4．Thegovernmentshouldimprovethewarningsystemtopredict(預(yù)測)badweatherandnaturaldisasters.5．Afterthetyphoon,nearlyallthewaterandelectricitysuppliesaredamaged(毀壞)orevendestroyed.6．TheGreatWallwouldbeinruins(廢墟)onedayifwedidn'ttakeanystepstoprotectit.7．Unluckily,rainforestsaredisappearing(消失)atarateof80acresperminute!8．Theorganizationdistributed(分發(fā))foodtothefloodvictims,whichwashighlypraised.9．Thedrought(dry)inthesouthwestofChinahaslastedforseveralmonths,whichmakespeoplefacewatershortage.10．Recently,peopleareterrified(terrify)oftalkingaboutoneword“haze”．Ⅱ.選詞填空eq\x(burstinto，digout，donate...to...，rebuildone'shome，betrappedinruins)1．Therescuersmanagedtodig_outthetrappedminers.2．Trapped_in_ruinsfor80hours,theoldwomanwasrescuedbythesoldiers.3．Withgreatexcitement,allofusjumpedaroundandburst_intolaughter.4．Lastmonth,thestudentsofmyclassdonatedmoneytotheearthquake-hitareas.5．Peopleintheearthquake-strickenareasarebusyrebuilding_their_homes.Theyhopetomoveintotheirnewhousesassoonaspossible.Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．強(qiáng)海嘯已造成4000多人死亡，8000多人失蹤。Thestrongtsunamihas_caused_more_than_4,000_deathsand8,000peoplemissing.2．地震過后，政府向災(zāi)區(qū)人民提供帳篷和食物。Aftertheearthquake,thegovernmentprovided_tents_and_food_forthepeopleinthedisaster-hitareas.3．Sometimes,thereisheavysmoginsomeareassothatpeople'sregularlifeisdisturbed.→Sometimes,thesmoginsomeareasisso_heavy_thatpeople'sregularlifeisdisturbed.初背：eq\a\vs4\al()月eq\a\vs4\al()日再背：eq\a\vs4\al()月eq\a\vs4\al()日一、必背話題詞匯1．environmentn．環(huán)境2．surroundingsn.環(huán)境3．a(chǎn)tmospheren.大氣4．pollutevt.污染5．noisyadj.嘈雜的；喧鬧的6．smellyadj.有臭味的7．radiationn.放射；放射物8．emissionn.排放9．rubbish/litter/garbagen.垃圾；廢物10．forbid/banvt.禁止11．a(chǎn)dvocatevt.擁護(hù)；支持；提倡12．conservationn.保存；保護(hù)；管理13．replace/substitutevt.取代14．environmentally-friendlyadj.環(huán)保的15．recyclevt.回收；循環(huán)利用16．punishvt.懲罰17．properadj.恰當(dāng)?shù)?；適當(dāng)?shù)?8．greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)19．globalwarming全球變暖20．a(chǎn)lternativeenergy替代能源21．solarenergy/power太陽能22．nuclearenergy/power核能23．letoffwastewater排放廢水24．be/liveinharmonywith與……和諧共處25．a(chǎn)ttachgreatimportanceto十分重視26．bring...undercontrol把……控制住27．be/beeawareof意識到28．lead/contributeto導(dǎo)致29．onaccountof因為；由于30．useup/runoutof用光；耗盡31．raisetheawarenessof喚醒……意識32．livealow-carbonlife過低碳生活33．prevent/protect...from阻止/保護(hù)……做……34．have...effecton對……有……影響35．callon/appealtosb.todosth.號召/呼吁某人做某事36．thereisnodenying/doubtthat毫無疑問；毋庸置疑37．takeaction/steps/measurestodosth.采取措施做某事38．taketheresponsibilityfor/beresponsiblefor...對……負(fù)責(zé)任eq\a\vs4\al([閱讀中常見的四六級詞匯])1．shieldn． 防護(hù)物；盾(牌)vt. 保護(hù)；防護(hù)2．particlen. 顆粒；微粒3．catastrophen. 大災(zāi)難4．sprayv. 噴；(使)濺散5．encountervt.&n. 遭遇；遭到二、必背話題佳句1．Manypeopleworrythatourenergywillrunoutquicklyifweuseitinanuncheckedway.許多人擔(dān)心，如果不控制能源的使用的話，我們的能源將會很快被耗盡。2．Plentyofrubbishandwastewaterarebeingpouredintotherivers;asaconsequence,watersourceshavebeebadlypolluted.大量的垃圾和廢水正涌入河流，結(jié)果，水源被嚴(yán)重污染。3．Itiswell-knownthattheglobalwatershortageisbeingincreasinglysevereduetoglobalwarming.眾所周知，由于全球變暖，全球水資源短缺(問題)正變得日益嚴(yán)重。4．Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbeingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitiesthathavecausedthisglobalwarming.毫無疑問，地球正變得更加暖和，全球變暖正是人類活動所致。5．Accordingly/Consequently,itisnotdifficulttodrawtheconclusionthatpeoplearemoreandmoreawareoftheimportanceoftheprotectionoftheenvironment.因此，不難得出結(jié)論：人們越來越意識到環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性了。6．Havingrealizedthegreatharmcausedbythehazeandtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment,peoplealloverthecountryaretakingmeasurestoreducethehazyweather.由于意識到了霧霾造成的嚴(yán)重危害和保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性，全國人民正采取措施減少霧霾天氣。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Toimprovetheenvironment/surroundings(環(huán)境)meansimprovingourlife.2．We'dbetterrecycle(循環(huán)利用)thewastewater,paperandotherwastesothatwecanreusethem.3．TheemissionofgreenhousegasesnotonlyresultsinmoreandmoreCO2intheatmosphere(大氣)butalsokeepsthetemperaturegoingup.4．Furthermore,whereverwegotoday,wecanfindrubbish/litter/garbage/waste(垃圾)carelesslythrown.5．Soourgovernmentshouldmakelawstoforbid/ban(禁止)theuseofplasticbagsindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.6．Thosewhodestroytheenvironmentintentionallyshouldbeseverelypunished(懲罰)．7．Generallyspeaking,moreandmorepeopleareadvocating(提倡)“l(fā)ow-carbon”lifestyle.8．Alawhasbeenpassedtoprotectendangeredwildlifefromdyingout.9．Modernlifestyleandmodernwaysofproductionalsocausenoisepollution(pollute)．10．Ifnotdealtwithproperly(proper),wastebatterieswillseriouslypollutetheundergroundwater.Ⅱ.選詞填空prevent...from，have...effecton，attachgreatimportanceto，bring...undercontrol，beawareof，contributeto，onaccountof，runoutof1．NotuntilmyteacherpointedoutmyshortingthatwasIaware_ofit.2．Besideshuman'scuttingdown,firesalsocontribute_tothedestructionoftheforestnowadays.3．Nothingcanpreventusfromrealizingour“ChineseDream”．4．Itishardforhumanbeingstobringsomenaturedisastersunder_control.5．Tobehonest,alotofpeopleattach_great_importance_tobeingrichandfamous.6．On_account_ofhisknowledgeofthemountainouscountry，JohnSmithwasappointedasourguide.7．Somescientistspredictthatglobalwarmingwillhaveabadeffect_onthelivingthingsontheearth.8．Bythetimetheyfinishedhalfthejourney,theyhadrun_out_ofpetrol,andaccordinglytheyhadtoabandonthecarandwalkedhome.Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全句子1．隨著我國汽車數(shù)量的快速增長，我們的環(huán)境正遭到破壞。Withthenumberofcarsincreasingfastinourcountry,ourenvironmentis_being_destroyed.2．毫無疑問，垃圾如果處理不當(dāng)，可能造成很多環(huán)境問題。There_is_no_doubt_thatrubbishmaycausealotofenvironmentalproblemsifitisnotproperlytreated.3．讓人們了解保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性是很有意義的。It's_meaningful_to_makepeopleknowtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.Topic1Earthquakes(Book1·Unit4)[主課文晨讀]eq\a\vs4\al(課文是最好的閱讀，減免攜帶教材之苦)ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.Fishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.Atabout3：00amonJuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.ThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,?whothoughtlittleoftheseevents，wereasleepasusualthatnight.At3：42ameverythingbegantoshake.?Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend！Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecityoneofthegreatestearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,?whichismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.?Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Steamburstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.Thesufferingofthepeoplewasextreme.Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.?Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Allofthecity'shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldblowthemaway.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake?whichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.?Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelptherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.?Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minerswererescuedfromthecoalminesthere.?Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybytrain,truckandplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.eq\a\vs4\al([經(jīng)典句式解構(gòu)])?who引導(dǎo)定語從句 ?asif引導(dǎo)的表語從句?which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句?that引導(dǎo)定語從句 ?who引導(dǎo)定語從句?which引導(dǎo)定語從句 ?部分否定?who引導(dǎo)定語從句 ?whose引導(dǎo)定語從句[單詞“分類記”](一)閱讀障礙詞匯(識其形·知其義)1．canaln．運河；水道2．sheltern.掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處3．farmyardn.農(nóng)場；農(nóng)家4．outlinen.要點；大綱；輪廓5．headlinen.報刊的大字標(biāo)題(二)高考高頻詞匯(知其義·寫其形)1．disastern.災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍2．rescuen．&vt.援救；營救3．buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏4．destroyvt.破壞；毀壞；消滅5．damagen．&vt.損失；損害6．burstvi.爆裂；爆發(fā)n.突然破裂；爆發(fā)7．ruinn.廢墟；毀滅vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)8．trapvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境9．judgen.裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判斷；判決10．shockvt.&vi.(使)震驚；震動n.休克；打擊；震驚(三)活學(xué)活用詞匯(記得清·用得活)Ⅰ.根據(jù)詞性和詞義寫出下列單詞1．sufferingn．苦難；痛苦→sufferv．遭受；忍受2．extremeadj.極度的→extremelyadv.極其；非常3．congratulationn．祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞→congratulatevt.祝賀4．survivorn．幸存者；生還者；殘存物→survivevi.生存；幸存5．sincerelyadv.真誠地；真摯地→sincereadj.真誠的；真摯的6．injurevt.損害；傷害→injuryn．傷口；傷害；損害→injuredadj.受傷的7．uselessadj.無用的；無效的；無益的→usen．&v.使用→usefuladj.有用的8．frightenvt.使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉righteningadj.令人恐懼的→frightenedadj.受驚的；受恐嚇的9．expressvt.表示；表達(dá)n.快車；速遞→expressionn．表示；表達(dá)；表情10．nationn．民族；國家；國民→nationaladj.國家的；民族的→nationalityn．國籍；民族Ⅱ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Alotofnationalparkslieintheareasinhabitedbyminoritynationalitypeople.(nation)2．Thesatisfiedexpressiononhisfaceexpressedhissatisfactionwiththeboys'performance.(express)3．Thegirlwasalmostfrightenedtodeathwhenshesawthefrighteningscene.(frighten)4．Intheterriblecrashofschoolbus,manychildrenwereinjured,_andevensomesufferedsevereinjuriestotheheadandarms.Theinjuredwererushedtothenearesthospital.(injure)5．Theheadmasterwrotealettertocongratulateheronhergoodperformanceandtheexcitingcongratulationsencouragedhergreatly.(congratulate)[短語“語境記”](一)根據(jù)漢語寫出下列短語1．right_away立刻；馬上2．a(chǎn)t_an_end結(jié)束；終結(jié)3．cut_across抄近路穿過；打斷4．dig_out掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)5．a(chǎn)s_if仿佛；好像6．in_ruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪7．be_trapped_in陷入8．be_buried_in埋頭于9．be_proud_of以……而自豪10．judging_from從……判斷11．a(chǎn)_(great)_number_of許多；大量的12．think_little/nothing_of輕視；認(rèn)為……沒價值(二)選用上述短語填空1．Thestrongearthquakeleftthecityin_ruins_merelyinseveralseconds.2．Atrust-worthythirdpartymuststepinanddig_outthetruthforthepublic.3．Iwas_trapped_intheheavyrainonthewaytoschoolyesterday.4．Judging_fromhislook,hedoesn'tthinkmuchofourplan.5．Myholidayisat_an_endandImustgobacktoworktomorrow.6．Pleasewaitforamoment.I'llfindtheaddressforyouright_away.7．WhenIcamein,hewas_buried_inplayingputergamesinhisstudy.8．Deeplymoved,wewere_proud_ofhavingsucharesponsibleteacher.9．Itisreportedthata_(great)_number_ofpeoplewereinjuredinthataccidentandthenumberofpeoplewhodiedhasreached130.10．Ididn'tpersuadethemtodotheexperimentinthatway;youknow,theythought_little/nothing_ofmysuggestion.[句式“仿寫通”]1．Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!仿佛到了世界末日！[解讀]asif“仿佛；好像”。后常接表語從句或方式狀語從句，若表示非真實情況常用虛擬語氣。[仿寫]保羅從后窗往外看，看見狼站在馬克的自行車上，仿佛那是一個獵物。(2017·6月浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫)PaullookedoutofthebackwindowandsawthewolfstandingoverMac'sbicycleas_if_it_were_akill.2．Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.成千上萬個家庭遇難，許多孩子變成了孤兒。[解讀]leave作使役動詞，意為“使/讓……處于某種狀態(tài)”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：leave...doing/done/todo。[仿寫]一個大地震襲擊了這一地區(qū)，使得該地區(qū)的大部分建筑倒塌并被破壞掉了。Amassiveearthquakehitthearea,leavingmostofthebuildingsintheareafallen_down_and_broken.3．Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。[解讀]本句是部分否定。All...not...＝Notall...“并不是所有的……都……”。[仿寫]并非所有的學(xué)生都遵守學(xué)校規(guī)章制度，因此作為一名老師，我們應(yīng)嚴(yán)格要求他們。All_students_don't_obey/Not_all_students_obeytheschoolrules,soasateacher,weshouldbestrictwiththem.[第一板塊重點單詞突破]1．burstvi.(burst,burst)爆裂；爆發(fā)n．突然破裂；爆發(fā)[教材原句]Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開來。(1)burstin 突然闖進(jìn)；突然出現(xiàn)burstinto 闖入eq\a\vs4\al(2,)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(burstoutcrying/laughing,burstintotears/laughter)) 突然大哭/大笑起來burstwithanger 勃然大怒①Suddenlythedooropenedandagroupofchildrenburstin.突然門開了，一群孩子突然闖進(jìn)來。②Heburst_into_the_roomwithoutknockingatthedoor，whichmademeveryangry.他沒敲門就闖入房間，這使我非常生氣。③Hearingthebadnewsthattheironlysondiedintheearthquake,thecoupleburst_into_tears/burst_out_crying.聽到唯一的兒子在地震中死亡的壞消息，這對夫婦突然哭起來。2．ruinn．[U]毀滅；毀壞；崩潰；[常用復(fù)數(shù)]廢墟；遺跡vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)[教材原句]Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.在可怕的15秒內(nèi)，一座大城市就成為一片廢墟。(1)lie/beinruins 成為廢墟fallintoruin 毀滅；毀壞bring...toruin 使……毀滅；使……沒落(2)ruinsth./sb. 毀壞某物/毀掉某人ruinone'shealth/fame/future 毀掉某人的健康/名譽(yù)/前途①Nomatterhowfamousabrandis,it_can_be_in_ruinsonceitbetraysthetrustofconsumers.無論一個品牌多有名氣，一旦辜負(fù)了消費者的信任它就有可能會毀滅。②Drunkdrivingnotonlyruinedhimself(he)butalsokilledseveralpassers-by.醉酒駕駛不僅毀掉了他自己還導(dǎo)致幾名路人死亡。3．injurevt.損害；傷害[教材原句]Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.他們中有三分之二的在地震中傷亡。(1)injuredadj. 受傷的；受委屈的theinjured 傷者；傷員(2)injuryn. 傷；傷口；傷害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb. 傷害某人①Thesechemicalsefromtheinjured(injure)partsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)來自于這種植物受傷的部位，并且似乎是一種警告。②Aterribleaccidenthappenedatthecrossingandanambulancerushedtheinjured(injure)tothehospital.在十字路口發(fā)生了可怕的交通事故，救護(hù)車把傷者火速送到醫(yī)院。③Dogownersshouldberesponsibleiftheirpetsdoaninjury(injure)tootherpeopleorcausedamagetotheirproperty.如果寵物狗傷害他人或損害他人的財產(chǎn)，狗的主人應(yīng)該對此負(fù)責(zé)。4．buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏；使專心；使沉浸[教材原句]Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.解放軍組成小分隊，將受困的人們挖出來，將死者掩埋。eq\a\vs4\al(1,)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beburiedin,buryoneselfin)) 埋頭于；專心于(2)buryone'sfaceinone'shands 雙手掩面①Eversincehemovedthere,hehasburiedhimselfinhisresearchwork.→Eversincehemovedthere,hehas_been_buriedinhisresearchwork.自從搬到那里以后，他一直專注于研究工作。②Buried(bury)inhisstudy,hewasn'tawarethatalltheothershadleft.由于他專心學(xué)習(xí)，沒有意識到其他人都已經(jīng)離開了。③Sheburied_her_face_in_her_handsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.當(dāng)她聽到那個壞消息時，她掩面而泣。5．judgen．裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判斷；判決[經(jīng)典例句]Pleasejudgeusontheimprovementswemakeintheeconomy.請根據(jù)我們在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面取得的進(jìn)步來評價我們。(1)judge...from/by... 從……來判斷judgebetweenrightandwrong 判斷是非asfarasIcanjudge 據(jù)我判斷；我認(rèn)為(2)judgingby/from 從……來看；根據(jù)……判斷①Ifhehadplayedapartinthefilm,hewouldhave_been_judged(judge)tobethebestactorthisyear.如果他當(dāng)時出演了那部電影的話，他就會被評定為今年的最佳男演員了。②Judging(judge)fromtheabovestory,wecandrawtheconclusionthatwedon'tjudgeabookby/fromitscover.從上面的故事判斷，我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論：我們不要以貌取人。[名師指津]judgingfrom/by表示“從……來看；根據(jù)……判斷”，用在句首時為一個獨立成分，不受句子主語和時態(tài)的影響。6．rescuen．&vt.援救；營救(1)eto/gotosb.'srescue＝rescuesb. 援救某人rescue...from... 把……從……營救出來(2)rescueteam 營救隊單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Atmidnightwefinallyrescued(rescue)thetouristswhoweretrappedinthevalley.②Luckily,thewholefamilywererescuedfromthefirelastnight.③Whenweweretrappedintheruins,thesoldierscame_to_our_rescue(來援救我們)．7．damagen．&vt.損失；損害(1)cause/dodamageto... 對……造成損害(2)damageone'shealth 損害某人的健康單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Damagecaused(cause)bytheearthquakedisastercan'tbeignored.②Asweallknow,smokingcandamage/do_damage_to_our_health(損害我們的健康),we'dbettergiveitup.[單詞過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Hestoodonthesidewalkwithhishandsburied(bury)inthepocketsofhisdarkovercoat.2．Wesentourcongratulations(congratulate)toherwhenshepassedthedrivingtest.3．Alargenumberofsoldiersweresentthereto_rescue(rescue)thosetrappedinthebuilding.4．Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingthreeyearsagobutruins(ruin)．5．Ireceivedhismother'sphonecallatten.OnlythendidIknowthathewasbadlyinjured(injure)inanaccidentthedaybeforeyesterday.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Whiletravelling,theytrappedinthemountain,waitingtoberescued.trapped前加were2．Themother,alongwithhertwochildrenhavebeenrescuedfromthesinkingboatbyapassingship.have→has3．Toourrelief,uptonowtheinjuredinthecrashhasbeencarriedtothenearbyhospital.has→have4．Theywereextremesadatthethoughtoftheirmissingson.extreme→extremely5．Thestormleft,havingcausedalotofdamageforthisarea.for→toⅢ.補(bǔ)全句子/一句多譯1．通過他剛才說的話判斷，他一定是一位誠實的人。Judging_from_what_he_saidjustnow,hemustbeanhonestman.2．聽到這，全班同學(xué)大笑起來，我同桌的臉變紅了。①Hearingthis,thewholeclassburst_into_laughterandmydeskmate'sfaceturnedred.②Hearingthis,thewholeclassburst_out_laughingandmydeskmate'sfaceturnedred.3．因為他埋頭于書本，所以不知道外面在下雨。(bury)①Becauseheburied_himself_in_hisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.②Becausehewas_buried_inhisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.③Burying_himself_inhisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.④Buried_inhisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.[第二板塊短語、句式突破]1．a(chǎn)tanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)[經(jīng)典例句]Whenthejourneywasatanend,everybodyfelttiredandhungry.當(dāng)旅程結(jié)束時，大家覺得又累又餓。(1)attheendof 在……盡頭；在……末端bytheendof 到……結(jié)束時；到……時候為止(常與完成時態(tài)連用)intheend 最后；終于eq\a\vs4\al(2,)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(put/bring...toanend,putanendto...)) 使……結(jié)束etoanend 完成；結(jié)束(3)make(both)endsmeet 使收支相抵；量入為出(4)endupwith 以……結(jié)束endupdoing 最終……①ThemeetingwasnearlyatanendwhenIgottothemeetingroom.當(dāng)我到達(dá)會議室時，會議快要結(jié)束了。②Gostraightandyou'llfindthehospitalat