【暑假銜接】語(yǔ)法知識(shí)及重難點(diǎn)題型突破大闖關(guān)（人教版）新知01不定代詞的用法 考不定代詞：不明確指代某個(gè)人、某個(gè)事物、某些人、某些事物的代詞叫不定代詞。不定代詞可以代替名稱和形容詞，表示不同的數(shù)量概念。不定代詞沒有主格和賓格之分，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等。1.不定代詞的句法功能不定代詞成分all，both，each，neither，either，much，little，many，few，other，some，any，one在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，noone，nobody，nothing，none在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)every，no在句中只能作定語(yǔ)不定代詞的基本語(yǔ)法（1）some、any的用法用法例句some和any作定語(yǔ)時(shí)既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout.袋子里的一些大米已經(jīng)賣出去了。(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?你有兄弟姐妹嗎？(修飾可數(shù)名詞)some多用于肯定句；在表示請(qǐng)求、勸告、邀請(qǐng)、或不希望對(duì)方拒絕的疑問句中用some而不用anySomeoftheboysaregoodatswimming.一些男孩擅長(zhǎng)游泳。Willyougivemesomewater?請(qǐng)給我一些水好嗎?any多用于疑問句、否定句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中；用于肯定句中，表示＂任何＂Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.如果你有問題，可以問我。Anychildneedslove.任何一個(gè)孩子都需要愛。some和any可以用來(lái)修飾單數(shù)名詞，Anystudentcananswerthisquestion.任何學(xué)生都可以回答這個(gè)問題。SomedayChinesepeoplewillflytothemoon.某天中國(guó)人將會(huì)飛上月球。（2）few，afew，little，alittle的用法用法用于可數(shù)名詞用于不可數(shù)名詞表示肯定概念afew雖少，但有幾個(gè)alittle雖少，但有一點(diǎn)表示否定概念few不多，幾乎沒有l(wèi)ittle不多，沒有什么（3）other，theother，others，theothers，another的用法用法例句other某一個(gè)，另一些，其他的。不能單獨(dú)使用，后面要跟單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，泛指別的Wherearehisotherbooks?他的另一些書在哪里?others其他。必須單獨(dú)使用，泛指別人或別的東西，常用于＂some...others＂結(jié)構(gòu)Somearered,andothersareblack.一些是紅的，另一些是黑的。theother兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)，剩下的一個(gè)。特指，常用于＂one...theother...＂結(jié)構(gòu)Shehastwosisters—oneisanurse,andtheotherisateacher.她有兩個(gè)姐姐，一個(gè)是護(hù)士，另一個(gè)是老師。theothers其他全部，其余的。表示在一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的其他全部InourclassonlyTommyisEnglish,andtheothersareChinese.我們班除了湯米是英國(guó)人外，其他都是中國(guó)人。another另一個(gè)(指多個(gè)中的任何一個(gè))，可單獨(dú)用，也可接單數(shù)名詞或名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示＂另幾個(gè)，再幾個(gè)＂Youcanseeanothershipinthesea,can’tyou?你能看見另一艘船在海里，不是嗎?（4）all，both，none，either，neither的用法用法例句all①側(cè)重指三者或三者以上＂都，全部，一切＂，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)；eq\o\ac(○,2)all于否定句時(shí)，表示部分否定；表示全部否定使用none。Allthestudentsareontheplayground.所有的學(xué)生都在操場(chǎng)上。Notallbooksaregood.(=Allbooksarenotgood.不是所有的書都是好書。both①表示＂兩者都＂，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)；②用于否定句表示部分否定，全部否定使用neither；=3\*GB3③both...and＂兩者都，既……又……＂。Theybotharenotworkers.他們兩個(gè)不都是工人。BothCarlandJeffaregoodatplayingfootball.卡爾和杰夫都擅長(zhǎng)踢足球none①意為＂沒有人，沒有一個(gè)，一點(diǎn)兒也沒有，作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，不作定語(yǔ)；②none指代可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式均可，而指代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須使用單數(shù)形式。Noneofthebooksaremine.這些書都不是我的。Noneoftherubbishhasbeenremoved.垃圾一點(diǎn)也沒運(yùn)走。either①表示＂兩者中任何一個(gè)＂，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)；②either作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式；作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，修飾單數(shù)名詞。Youcanparkoneithersideofthestreet.你在街道的哪邊停車都可以。Thetwoguestshavearrivedandeitheriswele.兩個(gè)客人都到了，而且都受歡迎?！局R(shí)拓展】（1）either可用于搭配＂either...or...＂，意為＂或者……或者……；要么……要么……＂。EitherheorIamtoblame.或者他或者我將受到責(zé)備。（2）either可作為副詞，意為＂也＂，用于否定句的句末。Hewon’tgoandIwon’tgoeither.他不去，我也不去。neither①意為＂兩者都不＂，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)；②neither...nor...＂既不……也不……＂。Neitheransweriscorrect.兩個(gè)答案都不對(duì)。NeitherhenorIamadoctor.他和我都不是醫(yī)生。【易錯(cuò)警示】neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式；作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，修飾單數(shù)名詞。（5）復(fù)合不定代詞的用法由some，any，every，no與one，body，thing一起構(gòu)成的代詞叫復(fù)合不定代詞，如something，everybody，anyone，nothing等。由one和body構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞可相互換用。用法例句復(fù)合不定代詞一般用作單數(shù)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)Nobodyisaliment.沒有人缺席。(主語(yǔ))Doyouneedanything?你需要點(diǎn)什么嗎?(賓語(yǔ))Grammarisnoteverything.語(yǔ)法不是全部。(表語(yǔ))復(fù)合不定代詞被定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)須放在它們后面Thereisnothingwrongwiththeradio.收音機(jī)沒有什么問題。由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用法與some類似，而由any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用法與any類似。當(dāng)any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用于肯定句時(shí)，常表示＂無(wú)論什么東西，隨便什么東西/事情＂There’salwayssomebodyathomeintheevenings.晚上總有人在家。Isthereanythinginterestinginthenewspaper?報(bào)紙上有什么有趣的東西嗎？基礎(chǔ)提升一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．I’veusedupalltheplasticbags,couldyoupleasegiveme________one?A．a(chǎn)nother B．theother C．else D．other2．Chineseteaispopular.Manypeoplethink________isbetterthanacupoftea.A．a(chǎn)nything B．nothing C．something D．everything3．Doyoulikethedresswiththebluespotsor________withtheredspots?A．one B．theones C．theone D．ones4．—Arethereanytomatoesinthefridge?—________.—What’sinthefridgethen?—________.A．Nothing;None B．None;Nothing C．Nothing;Nothing D．None;None5．TheirChineseteacheraskedthemtofind________toreadintheirsparetime.A．nothinginteresting B．somethinginterestingC．a(chǎn)nythinginterested D．interestingsomething6．There’s________wrongwiththeengine—it’smakingstrangenoises.A．a(chǎn)nything B．something C．everything7．—Doyouhave________todothismorning?—Yes.Iwanttotakesomephotosofmydog.A．interestinganything B．a(chǎn)nythinginterestingC．interestingsomething D．somethinginteresting8．Ifyouputyourheartinit,________isdifficult.A．something B．nothing C．everything D．a(chǎn)nything9．—MayIhaveacupofcoffee,please?—Coffee?Sorry,there’s________left.Weonlyhavesomejuicenow.A．nothing B．something C．a(chǎn)nything D．none10．—Isthere________youwantustodo?—Yes,couldyoupleasecleanthefloor?A．elseanything B．a(chǎn)nythingelse C．everythingelse D．elsesomething11．—Doyouhave________toeat?—Sorry,Idon’thave________foodinmybag.A．a(chǎn)nything;any B．a(chǎn)nything;someC．everything;any D．everything;some12．—Isthere_________withyoureyes?—Yes,Ican’tsee_________now.A．a(chǎn)nythingwrong,anythingB．a(chǎn)nythingwrong,somethingC．somethingwrong,something13．Sheisnewhere.Shehas________friends.A．few B．a(chǎn)few C．a(chǎn)little14．HerearetwobooksaboutChineseculture.Youarefreetotake________ofthemandleaveoneforme.A．a(chǎn)ll B．both C．either D．neither15．—Whenwouldyouliketoclimbamountain,MayorJune?—________monthisnoproblem.Ihavetimeallthetime.A．Any B．Both C．Neither D．Either16．Youcanhave________try.Maybethistimeitwillwork.A．theother B．other C．a(chǎn)nother D．others17．—Doyouwantzongziwithmeatorzongziwithoutmeat?—________isOK.Ireallydon’tmind.A．Both B．None C．Either D．Neither18．—DidyouinviteDavidandTomtogoswimming?—Yes,Idid.But________ofthemagreed.Theysaidtheyhadtostudyfortheexam.A．either B．neither C．none D．both19．Ihavetwopetsand______ofthemareverycute.A．both B．either C．a(chǎn)ll D．none20．TomandPeterareclosefriendsand________ofthemlikeplayingbasketball.A．a(chǎn)ll B．either C．both二、完形填空WhenyougotoEngland,youcanbesurprised(驚訝的)thatmanypeopletakeanumbrellaoraraincoatwiththeminthe21morning.Onabusoratrain,youcanusuallyseeeveryoneislookingoutofthewindowor22newspapers.Buttheydon’ttalkmuch.WhenyoumeetEnglishpeople,theyoftentalkaboutonething—the23.Whyisitso24theweatherischangeable(多變的)inEngland.Peopletherecanhavespring,summer,autumnandwinterinone25.Whentheygetonthebus,theweatherissunnyand26,justlikeinspring.However,whentheygetoffthebus,27canberainyandcold.Atnoon,theweatherwillbesunnyagainandalittlehot,anditwillbe28atthetimeofaday,InEngland,peoplecanalsohavesummerinwinter,orhavewinterinsummer.Soinwintertheycan29sometimes,andinsummer,maybeyoucanseepeople30coatsandsweaters.21．A．sunny B．rainy C．snowy D．cloudy22．A．reading B．looking C．seeing D．watching23．A．weather B．clothes C．bus D．sports24．A．So B．When C．Because D．That25．A．year B．month C．week D．day26．A．cold B．wet C．warm D．cool27．A．this B．it C．that D．one28．A．spring B．summer C．a(chǎn)utumn D．winter29．A．fly B．run C．swim D．dance30．A．making B．taking C．putting D．wearing三、選詞填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從方框中選出恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。change

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deliciousAsachild,Iwasapicky(挑剔的)eater.Thisdrovemyparentsmad.Theydecidedtodo31aboutit.JustasIstartedthefirstgrade,theycreatedafamilyrule:Ihadtomakedinner32nightaweek,usuallyonFridays.TheywouldeatwhateverImade,justlikeIhadtoeatwhatevertheymadeontheothersix33.WhenIfirststartedcooking,mymealsweren’tvery34.Ourfamilydinnersoftenincludedhotdogs,bakedbeansandboxedmac“n”cheese(芝士通心粉).MyverykindparentsalwaysatewhatImade,eventhoughthemenuhardlyever35.ThiswentonforalongtimeuntiloneFridayItried36anewdishcalledtarragonchicken(龍蒿雞).BythetimeIwasinGrade2,Icould37makeit!Thenmyparentsintroduced38rule:Ihadtotakeatleastonebiteofeverything39sayingIdidn’tlikeit.Thisnewruleoftryingnewfoodsturnedouttobeagreat40.Istilldon’tlikesomefoods,butI’mnowwillingtotryanythingatleastonce.四、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話根據(jù)所給對(duì)話，填寫適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容，使其完整、通順、正確A:Hello,Sam!Youlooksoworried.41?B:Theexamising.AndI’mafraidIcan’tpassit.A:Takeiteasy.Ifeltalittlenervousaboutit,too.ButnowIthinkIfeelmuchbetter.B:Howdoyoumakeyourselffeellessstressedout42?A:Ofcourse.Myadviceistotakeexercisetorelaxyourself.Itcanalsomakeyoufeelbetter.B:ButI’venotime.Ihavetostudyalldaylong.Whendoyouusuallyplaysports?A:43.AfterthatIfeelveryrelaxed.Whydon’tyouhaveatry?B:44.ButIcan’tgetupsoearly.A:Trytogotobedearlier.Enoughsleepisalsoimportant.B:Iknowthat.ButwhatcanIdowithsomuchhomework?A:Well.Aftertakingexercise,yourmindwillbemoreactive.It’sverygoodforyourstudy.B:That’strue.45.A:You’rewele.難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化五、語(yǔ)法選擇AboynamedTimBrowngotlostinthemountains.However,hesavedhimselfatlastbecauseofhis46survivalskills(生存技能).OnedayinOctober,TimwenthikingwithhisgroupintheMagaliesbergMountains,SouthAfrica.Atfirst,everythingwentwell.Butataboutoneo’clockintheafternoon,helost47wayandcouldn’tfindany48people.Hefeltafraidatfirst,49thenhetriedtocalmdown.Heknewwhattodoinsuchasituation.“Ishouldfollowtheriver,followthelight,followthesunandfinallytherewillbebuildings,roadsandpeople.ThenIcouldcallhome,”hetoldhimself.Timkept50foralongtime.Suddenlyheheardsomesoundsnotfarawayandran51them.Buttohisgreatsurprise,heonlysawsomemonkeys.52,onemonkeyscratched(抓傷)hisarm.Hefoundsomewatertowashthebloodoffthescratchesandwentontowalk.Timjustworeapairofswimmingshorts,sohefeltverycold.Hetriedtokeephimselfwarmbycoveringhisbody53leaves.About22hourslater,hefinallymetafarmerandcouldcallhismom.Afterhecameback,hismomaskedwhyhecarriedonwalkingwhenitgotdark.Thelittleboysaidtherewasonlyonethoughtinhismindatthattime,“Walk,walk,walkandI54mymotheragain.”Nothingcouldbeathisloveforhismom!Mother’slovesavedhim.Mother’slovewasthe55inhisheartwhenhewasintrouble.46．A．effective B．effect C．effectively47．A．his B．he C．him48．A．others B．theother C．other49．A．/ B．so C．but50．A．walking B．walk C．towalk51．A．a(chǎn)fter B．towards C．outof52．A．Unluckily B．Luckily C．Unlucky53．A．on B．in C．with54．A．saw B．willsee C．see55．A．great B．greater C．greatest六、閱讀理解AHaiquParkHaiquParkisafantastic(極好的)placeforschooltrips.Therearedifferentkindsofanimals,suchastigers,lions,monkeysandelephants.TherearedolphinshowseverySaturdaymorning.Whatmakestheparkunusual(不同尋常的)isthatyoucangetclosetomanykindsofanimalsandfeedthem.Ticketprice:

￥20forchildrenunder18;￥50foradultsTheme:natureandscienceOpeningtime:from9:00a.m.to4:00p.m.alltheyearroundbutChristmashttp://.haiqupark.asephone.Youcanalsolog(登錄)inourwebsite(網(wǎng)站)http://.haiqupark.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。56．Whatcan’tyoudoinHaiquPark?A．Goonaschooltrip. B．Getclosetomanykindsofanimals.C．Feedtheanimals. D．Watchdolphinshowsoneverymorning.57．IfthreeteachersandfortymiddleschoolstudentsvisitHaiquPark,theyshouldpay.A．￥650 B．￥850 C．￥950 D．￥105058．Youcan’tvisitHaiquPark.A．a(chǎn)t10:00a.m.onMonday B．a(chǎn)t11:00a.m.onChristmasDayC．a(chǎn)t2:00p.m.onSunday D．a(chǎn)t1:30p.m.onMayDay59．YoucanusewaystogetmoreinformationaboutHaiquPark.A．two B．three C．four D．five60．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．InHaiquPark,childrenunder18arefree.B．VisitorscanwatchdolphinshowseverySundaymorning.C．ThethemeofHaiquParkisnatureandscience.D．HaiquParkisopenforsixhourseveryday.B①Theweatherisgettinghotter.Youarethirstyafterplayingbasketballorridinghomefromschool.Acolddrinkmaybejustthething.Butbecarefulaboutwhatyouaredrinking.Somethingthatlookscoolmaynotbegoodforyourhealth.②Thereareplentyof“energydrinks”onthemarket.Mostofthemhavebeautifulcoloursandcoolnames.Thelistsonthemtellyoutheyarehelpfultoyourhealth.Soundsgreat!Butafteracarefulcheck,youmayfindthatmostenergydrinkshavelotsofcaffeine(咖啡因)inthem.Thesedrinksareespeciallyaimedatyoungpeople,students,busypeopleandsportsplayers.Makerssometimessaytheirdrinksmakeyoubetteratsportsandcankeepyouawake.Butbecarefulnottodrinktoomuch.③Caffeinemakesyourheartbeatfast.Becauseofthis,theInternationalOlympicmittee(國(guó)際奧委會(huì))haslimiteditsuse.Caffeineinmostenergydrinksisatleastasstrongasthatinacupofcoffeeortea.Possiblehealthdangershavesomethingtodowithenergydrinks.Justoneboxofenergydrinkcanmakeyounervous,havedifficultysleepingandcanevencauseheartproblems.Scientistssaythatteenagersshouldbestoppedfromtakingdrinkswithalotofcaffeineinthem.④Soweshouldstayawayfromtheenergydrinkstokeephealthy.61．Theenergydrinksarepopularwith________.A．childrenandwomen B．policemen,studentandbusypeopleC．oldpeople,youngpeopleandstudents D．students,busypeople,youngpeopleandsportsplayers62．Whatdoe