猜想03閱讀理解常考易錯20篇

（2023上?河北石家莊?高一石家莊外國語學校?？计谀?/p>

There5snodoubtthatfootballistheglobalsport.Thoughbasketball,tennis,andothersportsarepopulartoo,

nothingesclosetofootball.Beingplayedineverycountryintheworld,footballprovidesdozensofsuperstars.

Thenumbersaregreaterwhenparedtoanyothersport,andthisdrivesthepopularityoffootballup.Haveyou

everwonderedwhenthesportstartedandbecamepopular?

Footballhasitsorigin（起源）inChinaandhasahistoryofmorethan2,000years.However,modemfootball

originallyappearedinBritaininthe19thcentury.Folkfootballmatcheshadbeenplayedbeforeinmanycitiesand

towns,butneveronaprofessionallevel.

Footballbecameawintersportgameplayedindifferentschools.Theruleswerecarriedoutbyeachschool,

andthismadeitdifficultforplayerstoplayanofficialgamewitheachother.Itallchangedin1849atthe

UniversityofCambridgethatinventedasetofstandardrulesknownastheCambridgerulesoffootball.Fromthat

moment,anewstarsportwasbom.

Bytheearly20thcentury,footballhadspreadallacrossEurope.In1904,FIFAwassetup.Thereareseven

originalmembers,includingFrance,DenmarkandSpain,FIFAbecamethegoverningbodyformanyassociations

inEurope.

England'sinternationalsuccessimprovedthepopularityofthesportinthecountry.Theleague（聯(lián)賽）in

Britainwassetupin1992.Fromthe1990s,itbecameatrulyimpressivepieceoffootballorganization,beingthe

world'stopfootballleagueintheprocess.

Footballisobviouslythemostpopularsportintheworld.Itisimpossibleforanyothersporttotakeitsplace,

especiallywithleaguesspendingbillionsofpoundseveryyeartostayinthefocus.

1.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingparagraph1?

A.Todescribetheleveloffootball.

B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.

C.Todebatethemainideaofthetext.

D.Tointroducefamousfootballleagues.

2.Wheredidmodemfootballfirststart?

A.InChina.B.InFrance.

C.InBritain.D.InSpain.

3.Whywasitdifficulttoplayanofficialgamebefore1849?

A.Therulesalwayschanged.

第1頁共41頁

B.Therewerenomonrules.

C.Theseasonmadeplayershardtowin.

D.Officialsmadeplayersmisunderstandtherules.

4.Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?

A.Bytimeorder.B.Byspaceorder.

C.Bylistingnumbers.D.Bygivingexamples.

【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了足球作為一項全球性運動有其歷史淵源以及從足球的形成到現(xiàn)

代足球的發(fā)展歷程。

1.推理判斷題o文章第一段講至！J“Haveyoueverwonderedwhenthesportstartedandbecamepopular?（你有沒

有想過這項運動是什么時候開始并流行起來的？）”可知，作者撰寫第一段的目的是介紹文章的主題。故選

Bo

2.細節(jié)理解題。文章第二段講到"However,modemfootballoriginallyappearedinBritaininthe19thcentury.

（然而，現(xiàn)代足球最初出現(xiàn)在19世紀的英國）”可知，現(xiàn)代足球從英國開始，故選C。

3.推理判斷題。文章第三段講到“Theruleswerecarriedoutbyeachschool,andthismadeitdifficultforplayers

toplayanofficialgamewitheachother.（規(guī)則由各校執(zhí)行，這使得玩家之間很難進行正式比賽）“可知，在1849

年之前很難進行正式比賽是因為沒有共同的規(guī)則。故選B。

4.推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了足球作為一項全球性運動有其歷史淵源以及從足球的形成到現(xiàn)代足球的

發(fā)展歷程。從文章中出現(xiàn)的年代順序2,000以前一1849—1904—1992可知，文章主要是按時間順序展開的。

故選Ao

（2023上?河北廊坊?高一廊坊市第一中學?？计谀?/p>

Everyexperiencemakesusgrow-nowhereisthismoretruethanatNorthCountrySchool（NCS）.The

NCSexperienceincludesbothclassroomandexperientiallearning.Theircourseshelpeverychildunlocktheir

hiddenpotentialandpassions.

NCSwaseyeopeningforSamShi.Hediscoveredhispassionforbiologyashelearnedaboutthewildlifeand

ecosystems（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）withintheAdirondacks."Thehandson,placedbasedteachingstyleswereextremely

interesting/9hesays."Awholenewtypeofappreciationoccurswhenyoulearnaboutlivingthingswhileactually

beingsurroundedbyit.”

NCSstudentsgrowandlearneffectivelythankstothedirectexperiencetheyget.Ledbytalentedteachers,

theyaren'tjustlearningbydoing-they5reknowingbydoing.

ShigotatasteofthisasearlyashisfirstdayintheDesignandBuildclasswithLarryRobjent.uNoNCS

第2頁共41頁

classworkslikeyourstandard,textbookclasses,hesays."Larrylaidoutouryearlongprojectofdeconstructing

anoncampusbridgeandplanstobuildanewone.Ayearlongproject,whereweactuallygottoworkoutside,with

ourhands,andbuildsomethingpractical.Nochanceyou'dfindthatanywhereelse.”

Shidescribedeverythingaboutthatclassas“special”.Hegottobecreative.Mostimportantly,hestudied

physicsandengineeringinpracticalways."AttheendIgottostandalongsidemyclassmatesandadmirethe

productofourefforts,somethingthatwouldremainapieceofNCSformanyyearstoe,“heshares.

SuchbreakthroughshappendailyatNCS."Thejourneyofdiscoveringhowtotrustmyabilitiesisalife

lessonthathasremainedwithmeandlikelyalwayswill,“saysShi."Theteachersalwaysencouragedmetotry

newthingsandtotrustmyself.^^

Withsuchcourses,itisnowonderNCSstudentsgainconfidence,creativityandknowledge.AsShisays,"I

hadnoideahowcoolthisplacewouldbe,andcertainlydidn'texpectmystudytheretoimpactmylifeas

obviouslyasitdidandcontinuestodo.”

5.WhatarecourseslikeatNorthCountrySchoolaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theyonlyfocusonexperientiallearning.

B.Theycanhelpinspirestudents5personalgrowth.

C.Theyaremainlyforgiftedstudents.

D.Theyattractmanytalentedteachers.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninthefourthparagraph?

A.Repairing.B.Creating.C.Takingapart.D.Blowingup.

7.AccordingtoShi,whatisthelifelessonhehaslearnedfromNCSexperience?

A.Apassionforbiology.

B.Aknowledgeofbuildingabridge.

C.Acuriosityaboutnewthings.

D.Asenseofselfconfidence.

8.WhatcanweinferfromShi'swordsinthelastparagraph?

A.Hefeelsgratitudetohisschool.

B.Hewouldn'thavebeewhatheisnowwithoutbeingeducatedatNCS.

C.WhathehaslearnedatNCSwillaffecthimallthroughhislife.

D.ThetimehespentatNCSisworthremembering.

【答案】5.B6.C7.D8.C

【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道，介紹美國北郡中學的教育方式，讓學生受益匪淺。

第3頁共41頁

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段的"Theircourseshelpeverychildunlocktheirhiddenpotentialandpassions.^^（學

校的課程幫助每個孩子挖掘潛能與熱情。）可知，北郡中學的課程能夠幫助孩子挖掘潛能和熱情，這有利

于孩子的個人成長。故選B項。

6.詞義猜測題。由畫線單詞及后面所接賓語“anoncampusbridge”以及與之并列的“planstobuildanewone^^

（重新建造新的）可知，此處畫線單詞是指拆開，即拆掉原來的在校橋梁，重新建造新的橋梁。A.Repairing

修理；B.Creating創(chuàng)造；C.Takingapart拆解；D.Blowingup爆炸。所以C項“Takingapart”的意思與

“deconstructing”的意思相符。故選C項。

7.細節(jié)理解題。根據第六段的""Thejourneyofdiscoveringhowtotrustmyabilitiesisalifelessonthathas

remainedwithmeandlikelyalwayswill/5saysShi.^^（Shi說：“發(fā)現(xiàn)如何相信自己的能力之旅是我一直都在學

習的人生課程，而且很可能永遠都會這樣學下去。"），Shi在北郡中學的經歷學到的人生課程是相信自己

的能力，即增強自信。故選D項。

8.推理判斷題。根據最后一段Shi說的話“AsShisays,“Ihadnoideahowcoolthisplacewouldbe,and

certainlydidn'texpectmystudytheretoimpactmylifeasobviouslyasitdidandcontinuesto（正如Shi所

說：“我沒有想到這個地方會這么棒，當然也沒想到我在那里的學習經歷會如此明顯地影響了我的生活，

而且它對我的影響還在繼續(xù)?！保?，在北郡中學的學習經歷曾影響了Shi,而且到現(xiàn)在仍然對Shi產生影響，

即影響了Shi的一生。故選C項。

（2022上?遼寧沈陽?高一沈陽市第十中學?？计谀?/p>

Anewstudy,outofJapan'sFukuokaUniversityandpresentedattheAmericanAcademyofNeurology,s72nd

AnnualMeetinginApril,2020,issointeresting.Theresearchersfoundthatplayingpingpongmayleadto

significantimprovementsinParkinson'ssymptoms.

“Pingpong,whichisalsocalledtabletennis,isaformofaerobic（有氧的）exercisethathasbeenshownin

thegeneralpopulationtoimprovehandeyecoordination,sharpenreflexes,andstimulatethebrain/saidstudy

authorKenM.DiInoue,M.D.,ofFukuokaUniversity.<4WewantedtoexamineifpeoplewithParkinson*sdisease

wouldseesimilarbenefitsthatmayinturnreducesomeoftheirsymptoms.n

Thestudyincluded12people（anaverageageof73）withmildtomoderateParkinson*sdisease,whohad

beendiagnosedwithParkinson*sforsevenyearsonaverage.Theparticipantsweretestedatthebeginningofthe

studytoassessthetypeanddegreeofsymptomstheyhad.Theythenhadapingpongsessiononceaweek.The

sessionsincludedstretchingexercisesandspecificpingpongexercisesledbyexperiencedtabletennisplayers

fromthedepartmentofSportsScienceofFukuokaUniversity.

Thesymptomswerethenassessedagainatthreemonthsandsixmonths（attheendofthestudy）,andduring

thatperiodparticipantsexperiencedsignificantimprovementsinspeech,handwriting,gettingdressed,gettingout

第4頁共41頁

ofbedandwalking.Forexample,ittookparticipantsanaverageofmorethantwoattemptstogetoutofbedatthe

beginningofthestudyparedtoanaverageofoneattemptattheendofthestudy.Theyalsohadsignificant

improvementsinfacialexpression,posture,rigidity（僵硬），slownessofmovementandhandtrembles.

“Whilethisstudyissmall,theresultsareencouragingbecausetheyshowpingpong,arelativelyinexpensive

formoftherapy,mayimprovesomesymptomsofParkinson*sdisease/5saidInoue."Amuchlargerstudyisnow

beingplannedtoconfirmthesefindings/9

9.Whydoestheauthorfeelthenewstudyisinteresting?

A.Pingpongisasportofgreatinterest.

B.Theprocessofthestudyiseasyandrelaxing.

C.Thebinationbetweensportsanddiseasesisfunny.

D.ItexcitescuriositythatpingpongshouldimproveParkinson*s.

10.Whichaspectdothe12participantshaveinmon?

A.Age.B.Gender.C.Disease.D.Degree.

11.Howmanytimeshavetheparticipantsbeenassessedaltogether?

A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.

12.WhatwillInoueprobablydonextaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Tryothersportstodrawnewconclusions.

B.Getmorepeopleinvolvedtofurtherprovethefindings.

C.Expandtherangeofdiseasestomatchwithpingpong.

D.Findoutmoreconnectionsbetweensportsanddiseases.

【答案】9.D10.C11.C12.B

【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了日本福岡大學的一項新研究。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，打乒乓球可能會顯

著改善帕金森癥的癥狀。

9.推理判斷題。根據第——段中的"Anewstudy,outofJapan'sFukuokaUniversityandpresentedattheAmerican

AcademyofNeurology,s72ndAnnualMeetinginApril,2020,issointeresting.Theresearchersfoundthatplaying

pingpongmayleadtosignificantimprovementsinParkinson*ssymptoms.（日本福岡大學在2020年4月舉行的

美國神經學學會第72屆年會上發(fā)表的一項新研究非常有趣。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，打乒乓球可能會顯著改善帕

金森癥的癥狀）”可推知，作者認為這項新研究很有趣，因為用打乒乓球這種廉價的方式可以改善帕金森癥，

它激起了人們的好奇和興致。故選D。

10.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的"Thestudyincluded12people（anaverageageof73）withmildtomoderate

Parkinson'sdisease,whohadbeendiagnosedwithParkinson*sforsevenyearsonaverage.Theparticipantswere

第5頁共41頁

testedatthebeginningofthestudytoassessthetypeanddegreeofsymptomstheyhad.（這項研究包括12名患有

輕度至中度帕金森病的人（平均年齡73歲），他們被診斷患有帕金森病的平均時間為7年。在研究開始

時，參與者接受了測試，以評估他們的癥狀的類型和程度）”可知，這12個參與者都患有帕金森病。故選C。

11.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的"Theparticipantsweretestedatthebeginningofthestudytoassessthetype

anddegreeofsymptomstheyhad.（在研究開始時，參與者接受了測試，以評估他們的癥狀的類型和程度）”及

第四段中的“Thesymptomswerethenassessedagainatthreemonthsandsixmonths（attheendofthestudy）,（然

后在三個月和六個月（在研究結束時）再次評估癥狀）”可知，參加實驗的人員測試周期為6個月，分別在

開始、第3個月和第6個月（結束時）進行3次評估。故選C。

12.推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的"Amuchlargerstudyisnowbeingplannedtoconfirmthesefindings.（一項

更大規(guī)模的研究正在計劃中，以證實這些發(fā)現(xiàn)廣可推知，Inoue可能會讓更多的人參與進來進一步證明研究

結果。故選B。

（2023上?遼寧沈陽?高一沈陽市第一二。中學?？计谀?/p>

TheRoyalMinthasannouncedplansforanewfactorywhereitwillprocesselectronicjunktoextract

preciousmetalsforcoinsandgoldbars.Thefactorywillbethefirstofitskindintheworld.

TheRoyalMintisaGovemmentownedpanythatmakescoinsfortheUKandlotsofothercountries.Most

ofitscoinsaremadefromcheapermetals,buttheMintsometimesmakescoinsandmedalsfrompreciousmetals

likegoldandsilver.Italsomakesgoldbars.Countriesandbanksliketokeepgoldbarsbecausetheyarevery

valuableandtheirpricedoesn,ttendtogoupordownsuddenly.

ThepreciousmetalsusedbytheMintaremostlyminedfromthegroundbutnowitplanstomakeuseofthe

vastamountsofelectronicwaste（knownasewaste）thatisthrownawayintheUKeachyear.Manyelectronic

devicesusesmallquantitiesofpreciousmetalssuchasgoldandsilverbecausetheyaregoodconductorsof

electricity.However,itisestimatedthatjust20%ofoldelectronicsarerecycledworldwide.Thisisnotjusta

waste;itcanbedangerous,becausewhenewasteisburiedinrubbishdumps,metalsandchemicalscanleakout

andpollutetheenvironment.

Currently,ewastefromtheUKissentabroadtobemelteddowntorecoverpreciousmetals.Thenewfactory

willusechemicalreactionstodothesamejobmuchquickerandusingfarlessenergy.Theprocesscanextract

99%ofthepreciousmetalsfromplasticcircuitboardswithinafewseconds,andcouldprovidetheMintwith

hundredsofkilogramsofgoldeachyear.

“OurnewplantwillseetheRoyalMintbeealeaderinsustainablysourcedpreciousmetals,"saidAnne

Jessopp,theMint'sCEO.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extract“inParagraph1probablymean?

第6頁共41頁

A.Obtain.B.Break.C.Limit.D.Add.

14.Whafsaproblemwiththeoldelectronicsifnotrecycled?

A.Energyshortage.B.Environmentalpollution.

C.Alackofworkers.D.Awasteofgoldbars.

15.WhatdoesAnneJessoppthinkofthenewplant?

A.Costly.B.Risky.C.Promising.D.Demanding.

16.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.MakingUseofEwasteB.TurningJunkintoGold

C.BuildingaNewFactoryD.RunningaJunkBusiness

【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.B

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了英國建造新工廠來處理電子垃圾，以獲得用于鑄幣和金條的貴

金屬。介紹了電子垃圾的危害以及新工廠的優(yōu)點。

13.詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“TheRoyalMinthasannouncedplansforanewfactorywhereitwillprocess

electronicjunkto”以及后文"preciousmetalsforcoinsandgoldbars”可知，英國皇家造幣廠宣布了建造新工廠

的計劃，該工廠將對電子垃圾進行處理，以獲得用于鑄幣和金條的貴金屬。故畫線詞意思“獲得"。故選A。

14.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段"However,itisestimatedthatjust20%ofoldelectronicsarerecycledworldwide.

Thisisnotjustawaste;itcanbedangerous,becausewhenewasteisburiedinrubbishdumps,metalsand

chemicalscanleakoutandpollutetheenvironment.（^ffi],據估計，全球只有20%的舊電子產品被回收。這不

僅僅是一種浪費；這可能很危險，因為當電子垃圾被埋在垃圾場時，金屬和化學物質會泄漏出來，污染環(huán)

境）”可知，舊電子產品如果不回收利用會造成環(huán)境污染問題。故選B。

15.推理判斷題。根據最后一段“"OurnewplantwillseetheRoyalMintbeealeaderinsustainablysourced

preciousmetals,"saidAnneJessopp,theMinfsCEO.（造幣廠首席執(zhí)行官安妮?杰索普說：“我們的新工廠將使

皇家造幣廠成為可持續(xù)采購貴金屬的領導者?！睆S可推知，AnneJessopp認為新工廠是有前途的。故選C。

16.主旨大意題。根據第一段"TheRoyalMinthasannouncedplansforanewfactorywhereitwillprocess

electronicjunktoextractpreciousmetalsforcoinsandgoldbars.Thefactorywillbethefirstofitskindinthe

world.（英國皇家造幣廠宣布了建造新工廠的計劃，該工廠將對電子垃圾進行處理，以提取用于鑄幣和金條

的貴金屬。該工廠將是世界上第一家此類工廠）”結合介紹了電子垃圾的危害以及新工廠的優(yōu)點?？芍?，B

選項“變廢為寶”最符合文章標題。故選B。

（北京市通州區(qū)2019屆高三一?？荚囉⒄Z試題）

Iwasintheseventhgrade,andwehadmovedtoNewJerseyinNovember.Bythen,everyonealreadyhad

hadtheirownfriends,andnoonewantedtotalktoanewgirl.Tomakethingsworse,theyputmein“SectionL”.

第7頁共41頁

IfoundoutlaterthateveryonecalledSectionL"Loserville”.Itwassortofanopensecretthatitwasthesection

fbrtroublemakersandnotsosmartkids.WhenIfoundout,Iwantedtoscream.Ihadalwaysbeenagoodstudent

andhadamazingfriends,andnoweveryonethoughtIwasaloser!

IdidtextmyfriendsinIllinoisalmosteverynight,especiallymybestfriend,Ana.Atfirstmyfriendswanted

tohearallaboutit.ButthensomestoppedtextingbackonceIsaidsomethingabouthowmiserableIwas.One

nightwhenIwastextingwithAna,Iplainedaboutanotherfriendwhohadjustdonethat.

Ana'stextscamereallyfastforthenextfewminutesandtheysurprisedme.Shesaidthatshewastiredof

hearingabouthowbadeverythingwasinNewJersey,too.ShesaidshedidnotwanttohurtmyfeelingsbutthatI

neededtostopfeelingsosorryfbrmyselfallthetime,Ihadtotrytomakethingsbetter.

Thenextday,IthoughtalotaboutwhatAnahadsaid.Shewasright!

IwishIcouldsaythateverythingchangedovernightafterthat,butitdidn't.Iwasstillstuckin“Loserville”,

andsomepeoplewerestillmeantome,eventhoughItriedtojuststayoutoftheirway.

Butwhatdidchangewasme-Istoppedfeelingsosorryfbrmyselfanddidsomethingaboutmakingfriends.

Isigneduptomakesetsfortheschoolplay.Imetalotofnewpeoplethere,andsuddenlyIhadfriendstosayhito

inthehalls!

IstillmissIllinoissometimes,butlifeinNewJerseyisn'tsohardanymore.EventhoughIcouldn'tchange

mysituation,Icouldchangemyattitude-andthatmadeallthedifference.

17.“Loserville“isasectionfbr.

A.failuresB.goodstudents

C.classsecretsD.newers

18.Thewriterplainedallthetimeinthenewenvironmentbecause.

A.Anadidn'ttextbacktoherB.herfriendshurtherfeelings

C.shewasunfairlytreatedD.shewasagoodstudent

19.Whatmadeadifferenceinchangingthesituation?

A.ShewentbacktoIllinois.

B.SheendedfriendshipwithAna.

C.Shefoughtbackwithherclassmates.

D.Shebegantomakefriendswithothers.

20.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe.

A.LastingFriendshipB.AnIncidenceatSchool

C.SayGoodbyeto"Loserv川e"D.Unhappinessin“Loserville”

第8頁共41頁

【答案】17.A18.C19.D20.C

【分析】這是一篇記敘文閱讀。文章主要講了作者在上七年級的時候，搬到了新澤西。在那里的學校，作

者被放到了代表“失敗者”的“Loserville”區(qū)，受到了不公平地對待，作者盡自己最大的努力，想要告別

"Loserville”。

17.推理判斷題o答案定位在第一段Itwassortofanopensecretthatitwasthesectionfortroublemakersand

notsosmartkids.（這是一個公開的秘密，這是一個鬧事者和不太聰明的孩子的區(qū)域。）和Ihadalwaysbeen

agoodstudentandhadamazingfriends,andnoweveryonethoughtIwasaloser!（一直是個好學生，有很棒的

朋友，現(xiàn)在每個人都認為我是個失敗者!）由此推斷出“Loserville”是一個失敗者待著的地方，故選A。

18.細節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第二段ButthensomestoppedtextingbackonceIsaidsomethingabouthow

miserableIwas.（但當我說我有多痛苦時，有些人就不再回我的短信了。）由此可知作者在新環(huán)境中一直

抱怨，因為她受到不公平的待遇，故選C。

19.細節(jié)理解題。答案定位在倒數第二段Butwhatdidchangewasme一Istoppedfeelingsosorryformyself

anddidsomethingaboutmakingfriends.（但真正改變我的是我自己----我不再為自己感到難過，而是做了一

些關于交朋友的事情。）由此可知她開始和別人交朋友，改變了情況，故選D。

20.主旨大意題。這篇文章主要講了作者在上七年級的時候，搬到了新澤西。在那里的學校，作者被放到

了代表“失敗者”的“Loserville”區(qū)，受到了不公平地對待，作者盡自己最大的努力，想要告別“Loserville”。

所以這篇文章最好的題目是《和“Loserville"說再見》，故選C。

【點睛】細節(jié)理解題的解題思路：

細節(jié)理解題就是我們常見的wh題，它們大多是根據文章中的具體信息如事實、例證、原因、過程、論述

等進行提問的。抓住文段中的事實和細節(jié)是做好該題型的關鍵，也是做好其它類型問題的基礎。該題型幾

乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關的信息，或是其變體。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主

體展開的細節(jié)，做這類題一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問題和選項有

關的詞語或句子，再對相關部分進行分析對比，找出答案。例如小題3,答案定位在倒數第二段Butwhatdid

changewasme-IstoppedfeelingsosorryformyselfanddidsomethingaboutmakingfHends.（但真正改變我的

是我自己一我不再為自己感到難過，而是做了一些關于交朋友的事情。）由此可知她開始和別人交朋友，

改變了情況，故選D。

（2023上?吉林?高一吉林一中?？计谀?/p>

Takealookatthequestionbelowandseewhetheryoucanfigureouttheanswer:Ifyou'rerunningarace

andyoupassthepersoninsecondplace,whatplaceareyouin?

Thequizisdeceivinglysimple,butthereisalittletwist.Thereasonforthisquestiondesignisnottocheat

people,buttofigureoutnaturaldifferencesintheirthinkingstyles.Morespecifically,thetestaimstoestablish

第9頁共41頁

whetherthequizzerismoreofafast,intuitivethinkeroraslow,reflectivethinker.

Afterreadingthequestion,anintuitiveanswerislikelytobe:Sinceonlyoneplaceisbetterthansecondplace,

ifpassingthepersoninsecondplace,surelyyou'dbefirst.Inparison,aslower,morereflectivethinkermight

realizethatbypassingthepersoninsecondplace,onepersonisstillinfrontofyou,makingyoutherunnerup.

System1isafastandintuitiveapproach,whichisoftenruledbyemotionalresponses,habitsorinstincts.It

hastheadvantageofcreatingfastsolutionsbuttypicallytendstomakemonreasoningerrors.System2describes

aslowandcarefulapproach,whichincludesmoremeasuredreflectionondifferentchoices.Ithastheadvantage

ofleadingtomorepurposefulresultsbutisalsoconnectedwiththecostofhighermentaleffort.

Thetestquestionintendedtomeasurepeople'spreferencesofonethinkingstyleovertheother.However,in

fact,mostpeopleuseamixtureofSystem1andSystem2approaches,withthecontextdeterminingwhichsystem

ismoreinfluential.Therelativeimportanceofataskandtheamountoftimeavailabletomakeachoicecanboth

influencehowyouthink.

Withthisinmind,wemayhavetolookbackonourfirstquestion.Ratherthantryingtoidentifythebetter

thinkingstyle,thechallengeappearstobeoneoffindingbalance.Knowingwhentothinkfastandwhentothink

slowmightbetherealgamechangerforliftingproductivityandsuccess.

21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"deceivingly“inparagraph2mean?

A.Seemingly.B.Extremely.

C.Heavily.D.Strangely.

22.Whatdoweknowaboutreflectivethinkers?

A.Theyareworseatrunningraces.

B.Theyaremorelikelytomakemistakes.

C.Theyareeasilyinfluencedbyemotions.

D.Theyoftenthinktwiceabouteverything.

23.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph5?

A.Ifsdifficulttochangeone'sthinkingstyle.

B.Reflectivethinkingoutweighsintuitivethinking.

C.One'sthinkingstyleisdeterminedbycertainfactors.

D.Peopleusuallypreferonethinkingstyletotheother.

24.Whatmaybethekeytosuccessaccordingtothetext?

A.Figuringoutthebetterthinkingstyle.

B.Changingthegamerulestoyouradvantage.

第10頁共41頁

C.Strikingabalancebetweenworkandplay.

D.Adaptingthethinkingstyletothesituation.

【答案】21.A22.D23.C24.D

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章通過一個問題說明了兩種思維方式，介紹了二者的不同以及影響思維方式

的因素。

21.詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞后文“simple,butthereisalittletwist（很簡單，但有一點不一樣）“可知，but表

示轉折，說明這個測試看似簡單，但卻有一個小轉折。故劃線詞意思是“看似"，和seemingly意思相近。

故選Ao

22.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中"Inparison,aslower,morereflectivethinkermightrealizethatbypassingthe

personinsecondplace,onepersonisstillinfrontofyou,makingyoutherunnerup.（相比之下，——個速度較，慢、

更善于反思的思考者可能會意識到，通過超過第二名的人，還有一個人在你前面，讓你成為亞軍）”以及第

四段中“System2describesaslowandcarefulapproach,whichincludesmoremeasuredreflectionondifferent

choices.Ithastheadvantageofleadingtomorepurposefillresultsbutisalsoconnectedwiththecostofhigher

mentaleffort.（系統(tǒng)2描述了一種緩慢而謹慎的方法，其中包括對不同選擇的更慎重的反思。它的優(yōu)點是產

生更有目的性的結果，但也與更高的腦力勞動成本有關）”可知，反思型思考者經常三思而后行。故選D。

23.推理判斷題o根據第五段"Thetestquestionintendedtomeasurepeople'spreferencesofonethinkingstyle

overtheother.However,infact,mostpeopleuseamixtureofSystem1andSystem2approaches,withthe

contextdeterminingwhichsystemismoreinfluential.Therelativeimportanceofataskandtheamountoftime

availabletomakeachoicecanbothinfluencehowyouthink.（這個測試問題旨在衡量人們對一種思維方式的偏

好。然而，事實上，大多數人使用系統(tǒng)1和系統(tǒng)2的混合方法，由環(huán)境決定哪個系統(tǒng)更有影響力。一項任

務的相對重要性和可供選擇的時間數量都會影響你的想法）”可推知，一個人的思維方式是由某些因素決定

的。故選C。

24.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中“Ratherthantryingtoidentifythebetterthinkingstyle,thechallengeappears

tobeoneoffindingbalance.Knowingwhentothinkfastandwhentothinkslowmightbetherealgamechanger

forliftingproductivityandsuccess.（而不是試圖找出更好的思維方式，挑戰(zhàn)似乎是找到平衡。知道什么時候

該快速思考，什么時候該緩慢思考，這可能是提高效率和成功的真正改變者）”可知，成功的關鍵是使思維

方式適應情況。故選D。

（2023上?黑龍江大慶?高一大慶實驗中學?？计谀?/p>

Researcherscontinuetoshowthepowerbehindoursenseofsmell.Recentstudieshavefound,amongother

things,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollableangerindriversonroads.

Thereviewexplainsthatsmellisuniqueinitseffectsonthebrain.AccordingtoConradKing,theresearcher

第11頁共41頁

whocarriedoutthereview,"morethananyothersenses,thesenseofsmellgoesthroughthelogicalpartofthe

brainandactsonthesystemsconcernedwithfeelings.Thisiswhythesmellofbakingbreadcandestroythebest

intentionsofadieter.n

Smell,whichdictatestheunbelievableplexityoffoodtastes,hasalwaysbeentheleastunderstoodofour

senses.Ournosesareabletodetectupto10,000distinctsmells.Ourabilitytosmellandtastethisextremelylarge

rangeofsmellsiscontrolledbysomethinglike1,000genes（基因），w