2022年【暑假分層作業(yè)】高二英語(人教版必修)復(fù)習(xí)

第10練閱讀理解題型解答必備能力過關(guān)練

重難知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)

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根據(jù)命題要求閱讀理解考題可分為主旨大意題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞句猜測(cè)題、推理判斷題、是非判

斷題。其中細(xì)節(jié)題所占比例最大，其次為主旨題、推斷題、語義題。是非題判斷題視具體情況可列入細(xì)節(jié)

題或推斷題類，我們?cè)诖司筒蛔鲗ｎ}介紹了。需要特別提醒大家的是：不同的題型應(yīng)采用不同的閱讀方法

技巧和解題思路。

1.主旨大意題

這類考題旨在考查考生對(duì)文章主旨大意的理解和概括歸納能力。考題中往往出現(xiàn)下列詞匯：subject,topic,

theme,title,mainidea,purpose等等，這類考題的設(shè)問特點(diǎn)可以大致歸納為以下幾個(gè)方面：

1.就文章的寫作目的，或人物或事件提問；

2.就文章的標(biāo)題提問；

3.就全文或某段的中心思想或主題提問。

這類題的提問主要有以下幾種：

1.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?

2.Whatistheauthor'smainconcern?

3.Themainideaofthispassagemaybebestexpressedas.

4.Theselectioninformsusthat.

5.Whichsentencecontainsastatementofthetheme?

6.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe.

7.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain.

8.Themainpurposeofthisarticleistoexplain.

9.Inthispassagetheauthortriestointerpret.

10.Thetopicofthepassageis.

11.Thepassage(orparagraph)mainlydealswith.

在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意文章的主旨句和每段的主題句。文章的中心思想往往是每段的主題句的綜合。另外，

干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)多是以偏概全，只說到文中的某一點(diǎn)而不能全面概括文章的中心思想，或是范圍太大，超

出了文章的中心內(nèi)容。所以在做主旨題時(shí)，我們先可以略讀，找出每段的主題句，然后將主題句綜合起來

就是文章的中心思想。在選擇答案時(shí)，根據(jù)自己總結(jié)的大意，就可以用排除法將干擾選項(xiàng)剔除。請(qǐng)看下面

幾例=

主旨大意題例1

主題句：Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswith

factoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.Today,weknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstair

pollution,theproblemisliterallyworldwide.

問題：Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith.

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.theburningoffossilfuels

C.thepotentialeffectofairpollution

D.thelikelihoodofanewiceage

主題句的大意是：人們?cè)J(rèn)為空氣污染僅限于大城市周圍，因?yàn)檫@些地方工廠密集，交通擁擠。如今我

們知道，雖然這些地方空氣污染最厲害，但空氣污染實(shí)際上是全球范圍的。選項(xiàng)A：溫室效應(yīng)；選項(xiàng)B：燃

燒化石燃料；選項(xiàng)C：空氣污染的潛在影響；選項(xiàng)D：新冰河時(shí)期的可能性。通過對(duì)主題句的理解，我們可

選定正確答案為Co

大意題例2

主題句：Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.

問題：Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

A.The1992LosAngelesRiots

B.TheImpactofMediaonCurrentEvents

C.The1989SanFranciscoEarthquakeandthe1992LosAngelesRiots

D.HowMediaCoverEvents

主題句的大意是：媒介可以影響時(shí)事。選項(xiàng)A和C均與主題無關(guān)；選項(xiàng)B：媒介對(duì)時(shí)事的影響；選項(xiàng)D：

媒介是怎樣報(bào)道事件的。找準(zhǔn)了主題句，我們就可選定正確答案為B.

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題

文章的作者往往要用具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)來證明、分析、解釋中心思想、段落大義等主旨。細(xì)節(jié)題測(cè)試考生

對(duì)文中事實(shí)和有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的理解程度?？忌鷳?yīng)特別注意有關(guān)who,when,where,what,whose,howwhy等問題的

內(nèi)容。細(xì)節(jié)題的常見題干有：

1.Whatcauses?

2.Whatisspecialabout...?

3.Whydoesthewriter?

4.Itcanbeseenfromthispassagethat?

5.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizes?

6.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

7.Whichofthefollowingstatementis(NOT)true?

8.ThewritermentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

9.Accordingtothepassagewho(when,where,what,whose,how)...

10.Thereasonfor...is.

11canbeattributedto.

12inthat.

13.Whatdoestheexampleofillustrate?

14.Theexampleof...inthepassageisusedto.

15.Theauthorstatethat.

16.Theauthorquotesinparagraphxbecause.

這類題的題干和正確答案在含義上通常相等于原文中某部分內(nèi)容，但通常表達(dá)方式不同。如：使用不同

的語態(tài)句式，同義詞，反義詞(或詞組)。也有的細(xì)節(jié)題需要在理解相關(guān)原文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上做出簡單推理

和計(jì)算。文中的具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)不是孤立存在的而是前后呼應(yīng)，相輔相成的。這類考題在試卷中所占比例

最大，其出題順序一般和文章內(nèi)容的先后順序一致。干擾選項(xiàng)往往使用原文中的一些表達(dá)方式，但其陳述

與原文不符或部分不符，或雖與大眾常識(shí)、流行觀點(diǎn)一致，但卻與作者觀點(diǎn)或原文內(nèi)容相?；蛟母疚?/p>

提及。(安通學(xué)校提供)

在一般情況下，閱讀考試中遇到細(xì)節(jié)題應(yīng)先通讀或略讀全文，了解全文和各段的主旨大意，然后再做題。

要先看清考題的題干，特別注意其關(guān)鍵詞“Where?When?Which?Who?”，然后找到相應(yīng)段落，進(jìn)而找出相

應(yīng)陳述，仔細(xì)閱讀，并根據(jù)上下文思索其真實(shí)含義。最后是比較選項(xiàng)，排除干擾項(xiàng)，選擇正確答案。

細(xì)節(jié)題例1

原文：Astheheatincreases,theyounghurricanebeginstoswirlinacounterclockwisemotion.

Thecounterclockwiseswirlingofthehurricaneisbroughtaboutby.

A.thelowpressureareainthecenterofthestorm

B.theforceofwavesofwater

C.thetradewinds

D.theincreasingheat

根據(jù)原文的Astheheatincreases,我們知道正確答案為D：反時(shí)針方向的旋渦是因?yàn)闊岫燃哟蠖斐傻摹?/p>

細(xì)節(jié)題例2

原文：Inabartereconomyitwouldbenecessarytodeterminehowmanyplateswereworthonehundredweight

ofcotton,orhowmanypensshouldbeexchangedforatonofcoal,whichwouldbeadifficultandtimeconsuming

task.

Abartereconomyisoneinwhich___.

A.valueisdecidedbyweight

B.valueisdecidedbynumber

C.goodsareexchangedandmoneyisnotused

D.moneyisusedandgoodsarenotexchanged

根據(jù)原文的上下文，我們可猜測(cè)出bartereconomy就是“物物交換經(jīng)濟(jì)”，由此可知正確答案為C：貨物被

交換，而不是用貨幣。

3.詞句猜測(cè)題

此類題旨在考查考生對(duì)某些關(guān)鍵詞語或句子在特定的語境中含義的理解能力；通過上下文或構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)

判斷某些超綱詞匯或表達(dá)方式的意義的能力。因此考生所掌握的詞匯量的大小直接影響這一類題的得分率。

這類考題的正確答案往往是相應(yīng)詞語的同義詞語，或是對(duì)相應(yīng)語句的解釋、復(fù)述或概括。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，

往往是對(duì)原相應(yīng)表達(dá)方式的不正確的改寫，或故意丟三拉四，或半對(duì)半錯(cuò)，或曲解原意。這些干擾項(xiàng)有時(shí)

會(huì)使用較多的原句中的表達(dá)方式，給人似是而非的誤導(dǎo)。

語義題的常見出題形式有：

1.ThephraseinparagraphXmostprobablymeans.

2.IThewordinLineXParagraphYcanbebestreplacedby.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thewordmeans.

4.ThesentenceinparagraphXrefersto.

5.Accordingtothispassage,theexpressioncanbeinterpretedas.

6.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanbyinthefirstparagraph?

7.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat.

8.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat.

詞匯題例1

原文：Atypicalhurricanebrings6to12inchdownpoursresultinginsuddenfloods.

Apparentlytheword"downpour"inthelastparagraphmeans.

A.heavyrainfallB.dangerouswaves

C.theprogressofwatertothehurricanecenterD.theenergyproducedbythehurricane

根據(jù)上下文brings6to12inchresultinginsuddenfloods可知道此處的downpour為傾盆大雨，因此正確答

案為Ao

詞匯題例2

原文：Therefore,theyarecontinuallydiscontented.Bytheirremarks,theysourthepleasuresofsociety,offend

manypeople,andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.

Thephrase“sourthepleasuresofsociety^^mostnearlymeans.

A.haveagoodtastetothepleasuresofsociety

B.aren'tcontentwiththepleasuresofsociety

C.feelhappywiththepleasuresofsociety

D.enjoythepleasuresofsociety

根據(jù)下文的offendmanypeople,andmakethemselvesdisagreeable我們知道sour一詞在此處為貶意詞，因

此可選擇B：對(duì)社會(huì)的愉悅感到不滿意。

詞匯題例3

原文：Therearenolargeworthwhilereservesofpotentialfarmlandremaining,andgoodfertilelandis

continuallybeingchangedintoindustrialuse.Moreover,erosionofthesoiltakesaconstanttoll.

“Erosion“inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphprobablymeans.

A.”washingaway"B."takingaway”

C."diggingup"D.''pickingup”

根據(jù)上下文可知erosion為“侵蝕”之意，所以正確答案為A.

解詞匯題除了需要扎實(shí)的詞匯基本功之外，前一節(jié)中所講的利用上下文、利用構(gòu)詞法、利用語法知識(shí)、

根據(jù)同/反義關(guān)系、利用邏輯/常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義都不失為解題的好辦法。尤其是上下文和構(gòu)詞法，這兩個(gè)方

法是解詞匯題的最常用的法寶。

請(qǐng)看下面這段文字：

Thevertebratescanbedividedintofivegroups:fish,amphibians,reptiles,birdsandmammals.

FISH.Theseliveinwater.Mostofthemhaveabodycoveredinscales.Theybreathewithgillsintheneckand

theirshapeisoftenpointedsothattheycanmoveeasilythroughthewater.Thetailisflattenedfromsidetosideto

pushagainstthewaterastheyswim.Mostfishlayeggsanddonotlookaftertheiryoung.

AMPHIBIANS.Thesecanliveonlandorinthewater.Theirbodiesareoftensmoothandtheirskinisdamp.They

breathewithlungsorthroughtheirskinsbutsomealsobreathewiththeirmouth.Theyhavetwopairsoflimbsand

laytheireggsinwater.Theseeggshatchtoproducealarvaortadpolewhichlooksverydifferentfromtheparents.

Thetadpolegrowsandthenchangestolookliketheparent.

REPTILES.Theseliveonlandorinthewater.Theirbodiesarecoveredwithscales.Theybreathewithlungsand

havetwopairsoflegs(exceptthesnakesandsomelizards).Theylaytheireggsinwarmplacesonlandandthe

eggshatchtoproduceasmallanimaljustliketheparent.

BIRDS.Theseliveonland.Somecanswimonthewater.Afew,likethepenguinandpuffin,canalsoswim

underwater.Theirbodiesarecoveredwithfeathers.Birdsbreathewithlungsandhavetwopairsoflimbs.Thefront

limbsarethewingsusedforflying.Theylayeggsandkeepthemwarmwiththeirbodiesuntiltheyhatch.Then

theylookaftertheyoungchicksuntiltheycan

fendforthemselves.

MAMMALS.ThisgroupincludesMan.Mammalscanliveonlandorinthewater.Thewhaleandthedolphinlive

inthesea.Thebatshavewingsandcanfly.Allmammalsbreathewithlungsandoftenhavebodiescoveredwith

hair.Theyhavetwopairsoflimbs.Theyproduceliveyoung(therearetwoexceptions:theduck-billedplatypus

andthespinyanteater,whobothlayeggs)andfeedthemwithmilkthatthemothermakesinherspecialglands.

Theparentanimalslookaftertheiryounguntiltheyareoldenoughtolookafterthemselves.

其中的斜體字詞語vertebrates脊椎動(dòng)物,amphibians兩棲動(dòng)物，reptiles爬行動(dòng)物,mammals哺乳動(dòng)物，scales

鱗，gills鰥,flattened扁平的,larva幼蟲，tadpole蝌蚪，lizards蜥蜴,penguin企鵝，puffin海雀,chicks雛鳥，fend

照料,dolphin海豚,platypus鴨嘴獸,anteater食蟻獸,glands腺等，都是超綱詞和專業(yè)術(shù)語，但通過上下文，

我們都能理解其大致意思。

另外，掌握一些必要的詞根、詞綴，對(duì)詞加深的理解，擴(kuò)大詞匯量都大有裨益。下面是常用的一些英語

詞根及其例詞，考生不妨接著往后面補(bǔ)充添加自己所熟悉的例詞。

ambula=walk例詞：ambulance;ambulant

ann=year例詞：annual;anniversary

audi=hearing例詞：audience;audible

auto=self例詞：automation;autobiography;

bio=life例詞：biology;biography

capit=head例詞：capital;decapitate

ced,cess=go;move例詞：unprecedented;process

chron=time例詞：chronology;synchronal

cide=kill;cut例詞：suicide;bactericide

confid=trust例詞：confide;confidential

cred=trust;belief例詞：credit;credulous

cur=run;move例詞：current;incursion

dic/dict=say;speak例詞：indicate;dictate

duce/duct=lead;take例詞：introduce;conduct

equ=same;equal例詞：equality;equator

fact=make;do例詞：manufacture;factory

fer=carry;bring例詞：ferry;transfer

frag=break例詞：fragile,fragment

gen=produce例詞：genetics;generate

ject=throw例詞：eject;injection

mit/miss=send例詞：emit;vomit

port=carry例詞：porter;passport

pose=put;place例詞：propose;dispose

simil=like例詞：similarity;simile,similar

spec(t)=see;lookat例詞：inspect;expect;retrospect

tarn=hold例詞：maintain,attain,retain

tract=draw例詞：attract;tractor;distract

vent=e例詞：advent;convent;contravention

vert/vers=turn例詞：version;convert;subvert

vid/vis=see例詞：visit;vision;invisible

volv=roll例詞：evolve;revolution

4.正誤判斷題

正誤判斷題常用提問方式

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true?

2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentionedinthearticle?

3.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotexplain...?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrongaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedas...?

6.Allofthefollowingfiretrueexcept...

7.Theauthormentionsal1Oftheitemslistedbelowexcept...

8.Theauthor(passage)doesnottellus...

正誤判斷題答題策略

1正確理解4個(gè)判斷選項(xiàng)，分辨出其間的差異；

2確定各個(gè)判斷句在原文中的大致位置，將其與原文進(jìn)行比較；

3避免以偏概全，同樣也須避免極端；

4最后對(duì)照原文通過比較鑒別，選出正確答案。

正誤判斷例1

原文：Inadditiontogenetics,theysay,intelligencedependsonanadequatediet,agoodhomeenvironment,

parentalattention,andeducation

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

A.Thewholeworldisracedwiththeproblemoftheincreasingpopulation.

B.Somescientistsarguedthatbirthcontrolcanaffectthelevelofintelligence.

C.Geneticsisoneofthemainfactorstointelligence.

D.Food,familyattentionandeducationhavenothingtodowithintelligence.

對(duì)照原文，通過比較鑒別，我們可知正確答案為C：遺傳基因是影響智力的主要原因之一。

A和B與原文無關(guān)，D太極端，因此只有C符合題意。

正誤判斷例2

原文：Hydroponicswasonceaplicatedandexpensivebusiness,nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueofhydroponics?

A.Hydroponicsisstilltooplicatedandexpensiveforpracticaluse.

B.Hydroponicsisconsideredarevolutionarymethodofagriculture.

C.Hydroponicshascreatedwondersinagriculture.

D.Hydroponicshasalreadybeenemployedinfoodproduction.

根據(jù)nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage早就走出了試驗(yàn)階段，可知正確答案為D：水栽法已經(jīng)用于

食物生產(chǎn)。

5.推理判斷題

在一篇文章中，作者有時(shí)沒有將某一個(gè)問題、觀點(diǎn)直接或正面陳述出來，而是隱含在字里行間，這就要

求考生對(duì)所隱含的意義作推斷。這類考題要求考生在深刻理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上從正面或反面進(jìn)行推理和判斷

下述東西：作者的寫作意圖或思路、觀點(diǎn)傾向、文章來源、文章標(biāo)題、上文或下文應(yīng)涉及內(nèi)容或主題，某

些數(shù)字或細(xì)節(jié)等。在做這種題型的過程中，除了需要考生準(zhǔn)確、透徹地理解原文外，還要求考生有一定的

推理能力。推斷題的題干中常見詞語包括：imply,suggest,infer,conclude,infer,author'spointofview等；（安

通學(xué)校提供）

這類題常見的題干有：

1Thefirstsentenceofparagraph3impliesthat.

2.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhat.

4.Theparagraphfollowingthelastparagraphofthispassagewouldmostlikelydeal

with.

5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureof?

6.Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheissueseemstobe.

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheissueofis.

8.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.

9.Theauthorimpliesthat.

10.Itcanbeconcludedthat等等。

推斷、引申題1

原文：Doyouforgettoturnoffdielightsandheaterswhenyougooutofaroom?In2040itwillnotmatter.They

willturnthemselvesoff-andonagainwhenyoureturn.

Theauthorintendstotellthereadersthatinyear2040.

A.theywinlivewithoutlightsandheaters

B.theywillmemuchmorelightsandbeaten

C.lightsandheaterswillbeonandoffautomatically

D.therewillbenoswitchesoflightsandbeaten

根據(jù)原文的Theywillturnthemselvesoff—andonagainwhenyoureturn我們可以大致推論出答案為C：燈

和加熱器會(huì)自動(dòng)打開和關(guān)閉。

推斷、引申題2

原文：AllthisactivitydidnotpreventRobertSpringfromdyinginpoverty,leavingsharpeyedexpertsthe

difficulttaskofseparatinghisforgeriesfromtheoriginals.

Theauthorinthepassageimpliedthat.

A.RobertSpringwashighlyskilledincopinghandwritingandimitatingsignature

B.RobertSpringdiedinpoverty

C.RobertestablishedabookstoreinPhiladelphiain1858

D.forgeriesarecasuallysoldtopersonswhoaren'texperts

根據(jù)原文的AllthisactivitydidnotpreventRobertSpringfromdyinginpoverty可以論出答案為B：Robert

Spring死于貧困。

推斷、引申題3

原文：OnesuchinvestigationledtothearrestofthemanaccusedofsendingtheextremelydangerousMelissa

virus,aputervirusthatdestroyedfilesinputersaroundtheworldinthespringof1999.

HowdangerouswasMelissavirusbackin1999?

A.Itdestroyedputerfilesworldwide.

B.Manyagentstookupthecase.

C.Technicians,experts,andastudentwereinvestigated

D.Telephonelinesandputersweredestroyed.

根據(jù)原文的aputervirusthatdestroyedfilesinputersaroundtheworld可以論出答案為A：它摧毀了全世界

的電腦文檔。

推斷題的特點(diǎn)是：其正確答案無法從原文的表面意義中找到，考生必須從字里行間尋找推斷深層含義。

對(duì)作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向，必須在通讀全文、掌握了主題思想和主要事實(shí)后，才能做出判斷。因此從某種

意義上說，推斷題是最難做的題。做這類題應(yīng)注意深刻理解原文，找出相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞語或句子，再由此采

用歸納、演繹等邏輯思維方法推斷從而排除錯(cuò)誤答案，找出正確答案。需要指出的是，推理時(shí)應(yīng)以原文中

相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞語或句子為基礎(chǔ)或依據(jù)，且忌憑空或按考生自己的常識(shí)瞎推斷。

閱讀理解題中推斷作者態(tài)度是最難的部分，得分檔次也在這方面拉開了差距。因此，我們提出以下幾點(diǎn)

供考生在閱讀中領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度。

1.要學(xué)會(huì)辨別清楚文章的文體。高考閱讀試題設(shè)計(jì)到各類文章，而以議論文為主，文章的主題句、核心

句往往會(huì)直接或間接地表明作者的態(tài)度立場；閱讀理解中也有說明文、描述文。前者因?yàn)槠潴w裁的客觀性,

所以作者的態(tài)度也往往采取中立。而后者因?yàn)槠湮恼掠^點(diǎn)往往不直接提出，而且作者寫作時(shí)也常帶有某種

傾向性，所以，要求考生在讀這種文體時(shí)要細(xì)心捕捉表達(dá)或暗示情感態(tài)度的詞式短語，捕捉那些烘托氣氛,

渲染情感的詞句。

2.對(duì)于綜合性判斷情感態(tài)度的題，需要分析段落大意，分析文章的走向，理解文章中心思想、段落大意，

而后才能判斷出作者的情感態(tài)度。

3.要學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分不同的觀點(diǎn)一尤其要善于找出作者的觀點(diǎn)?？忌⒁馕闹谐霈F(xiàn)的直接引語和間接引語,

出現(xiàn)的觀點(diǎn)（一般是當(dāng)事人的觀點(diǎn)，而不是作者的觀點(diǎn)）。作者的觀點(diǎn)一般用inmyview,inmyopinion,

personally,Ithink,Ihold等詞語表現(xiàn)。

4.對(duì)于選項(xiàng)而言，要分清選項(xiàng)中的褒義詞、中性詞和貶義詞，以此對(duì)照全文。下面是一些常見的有關(guān)作

者態(tài)度的褒貶詞語。

1）表示褒義的詞語

positive贊成的，supporting支持的，praising贊揚(yáng)的，optimistic樂觀的，admiring羨慕的,interesting有趣

的，humorous幽默的，serious嚴(yán)肅的，enthusiastic熱情的，pleasant愉快的，polite禮貌的,concerned關(guān)切

的,sober冷靜的，等；

2）表示中性的詞語

indifferent冷淡的，不關(guān)心的；impassive冷淡的，不動(dòng)感情的；uninterested無興趣的，不感興趣的；ambivalent

情緒矛盾的；neutral中立的；impersonal不帶個(gè)人感情的；subjective主觀的；objective客觀的；informative

提供信息的；impartial不偏袒的；apathetic漠不關(guān)心的，等；

3）表示貶義的詞語

disgusted感到惡心的，厭惡的；critical批評(píng)的；negative否定的，反對(duì)的；suspicious懷疑的；tolerant容

忍的，忍讓的；worried擔(dān)憂的；pessimistic悲觀的；depressed沮喪的；disappointed失望的；ironic諷刺的；

sarcastic挖苦的；bitter痛苦的；cynical玩世不恭的；sentimental感傷的；emotional激動(dòng)的；angry氣憤的，

等。

重難知識(shí)點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化

1

Slowly,soslowlythatweneverevennoticedhowithappenedthatourfamilystoppedtalkingtoeachother.

OurownworldsopeneduptousthroughtheputerorthecellphoneortheCDplayer.

FamilyNightwasbornwhenMomcalledusfordinner.JessicaandIcameandsatdown.Dadfinishedhis

eatingandstartedtorisefromthetable.

“Whereareyougoing?^^Momquestioned.

“Tothelivingroom.Ihavesomework.^^Dadrepliedashehurriedaway.Mom'sfacegottight,butshesaid

nothing.Abouttwominuteslater,mycellphonebuzzed.Jessicakeptherearphonesonduringmostofthemeal.

Momwasclearlyupset.

FamilyNightstartedthenextweek.Mommadethreerules:nophones,nomusic,andnoleavingthetable.

Everyonewouldeattogetherandplayagametogether“l(fā)ikearealfamily.9,

AllseemedtobegoingaccordingtoMom'splanuntilthefirstbuzzofacellphone.Afterdinner,wehadbeen

playingtheboardgameforonlytenminuteswhenanothercellphonerang.Thistimethephoneringbelongedto

myfather.

"Work'scalling.Ihavetoanswer.^^hewhisperedashehurriedoutoftheroom.

Momsighed,butsheforcedasmileandencouragedustocontinuethegame.Wekeptplayingthroughevery

interruption（中斷）afterwards:thebeepingofJessica'sphone,thebuzzofanothertextmessagefromDarnell,the

soothing（舒緩的）voiceannouncingthearrivalofanemailonDad'sputer.Whenthegamewasover,Momfreed

ustoourrooms.

ThatfirstFamilyNightwasnotasuccess,butMomsoldieredon（堅(jiān)持著干）.EveryMondayeveningwe

silencedourelectronicsandgatheredaroundthetable,andeachtime,settingasideourtechnologicaltoysbecamea

littleeasier.Thenexttwomonthsmyfatherwouldbetakingbusinesstrips.Wewouldn'tbeabletohaveFamily

NighteveryMonday.

Tomysurprise,IrealizedthatIwouldmissthosefewhourseachweekwhenthehousewasfilledwithmy

family'slaughterandconversation.Iwasalsogladtoknowthatwhenwereallywantedto,wecouldsilencethe

electronicbuzzandjustbeafamilyagain.

1.Howdidtheauthor'smumreacttoherhusband'shurryingawaytothelivingroominpara.4?

A.Shewasshocked.B.Shewasunhappy.

C.Shewassatisfied.D.Shewasnervous.

2.WhatwerethechildrendoingafterdinneronthefirstFamilyNight?

A.Doingthedishes.B.Listeningtomusic.C.Playingtheboardgame.D.Chattingwitheachother.

3.WhichisthecorrectinterruptionduringthefirstFamilyNight?

A.Thebuzzofatextmessage.B.Theauthor'sfather^loudvoice.

C.TheringingofDameirsphone.D.Anemailsenttotheauthor?smum.

4.WhycouldthefamilynothaveFamilyNighteveryMondayforsometime?

A.Thechildrendidn'tapproveoftheirmother'sarrangement.

B.Theauthor'smomchangedheroriginalplan.

C.Thechildrenwerebusywiththeirhomework.

D.Theauthor'sdadwentonbusiness.

【答案與解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章解釋了一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。電子產(chǎn)品損害了作者家庭的生活，因而導(dǎo)

致了FamilyNight的開始。FamilyNight使家庭比以前更親密。告誡我們：珍惜親情，遠(yuǎn)離電子產(chǎn)品。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Mom飛facegottight,butshesaidnothing.（媽媽的臉繃得緊緊的，但她什么

也沒有說。）”可知，當(dāng)爸爸匆匆忙忙去臥室的時(shí)候，媽媽很不開心。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段中的"Afterdinner,wehadbeenplayingtheboardgameforonlytenminutes

whenanothercellphonerang.（晚飯后，我們玩棋盤游戲才十分鐘，另一個(gè)手機(jī)響了。戶可知，在第一個(gè)家庭

之夜孩子們正在玩棋盤游戲。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Mommadethreerules:nophones,nomusic,andnoleavingthetable.（媽媽制

定了三條規(guī)則：沒有電話，沒有音樂，也不能離開桌子。）”以及倒數(shù)第三段中的“Wekeptplayingthroughevery

interruption（中斷）afterwards:thebeepingofJessica'sphone,thebuzzofanothertextmessagefromDarnell,the

soothing（舒緩的）voiceannouncingthearrivalofanemailonDad'sputer.（之后,我彳門——直玩至!j每個(gè)中斷之后：

杰西卡手機(jī)的嘩嘩聲，達(dá)內(nèi)爾的另一條短信的嗡嗡聲，宣布爸爸電腦郵件的舒緩的聲音。）”可知，正確的打

斷是短信的嗡嗡聲。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Thenexttwomonthsmyfatherwouldbetakingbusinesstrips.We

wouldn'tbeabletohaveFamilyNighteveryMonday.（接下來的來兩個(gè)月里，我父親將會(huì)去出差。我們不能每

個(gè)周一都有家庭之夜。）”可知，作者的爸爸將有一段時(shí)間會(huì)出差，所以作者一家會(huì)有一段時(shí)間沒有家庭之夜。

故選D項(xiàng)。

2

Forpeople,whoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoise.Inthepast,

soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsare

sharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthe

phenomenonwecallsound.

Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriestoescape.And

theofficercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethief

dropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice（LRAD,遠(yuǎn)程定向聲波發(fā)射器）.It

producesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirected

likearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson,butitisnotdeadly.

Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Lefssayyouareattheairport,

andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming（哼唱）ashortmercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,

andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesound

withoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsby

analyzingthewavesoftheiningsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescancel

eachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineorpointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietesback.

Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowspaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayasspotlights（聚光

燈）areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,ttspotsound^^createsacircle

ofsoundinonetargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersa

newwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthe

menu,allowingcustomerstohavemorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundis

alsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.

5.Howdoesthepoliceofficermakethethiefdroptotheground?

A.Byinjuringoneofthethief'slegs.

B.Bydirectingarayoflightatthethief.

C.Byfrighteningthethieftosomedegree.

D.Bymakingthenoisetravelintothethief'sears.

6.WhatdoweknowabouttheSilenceMachine?

?Itcanbepointedatthetarget.

②Itcanlowerthesoundaroundyou.

③Itcansilencethepeoplearoundyou.

@Itcancheckthewavesoftheiningsound.

⑤Itcansendoutasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.

A.①④⑤B.②④⑤C.③④⑤D.②③⑤

7.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?

A.Whyspotlightsareusedinthetheater.B.Whatpracticalusesofdirectedsoundare.

C.Howdirectedsoundtravelsincertainplaces.D.Howrestaurantsandstoresattractcustomers.

8.Whatdoesthetextconcentrateon?

A.Wayssoundproductswereinvented.

B.Newtheoriesabouttheworkingofsound.

C.Newproductsbasedonsoundtechnology.

D.Wayssoundscientistscooperatewithothers.

【答案與解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了聲音的作用以及定向聲音這一新技術(shù)。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andthe

officercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethief

dropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice（LRAD,遠(yuǎn)程定向聲波發(fā)射器）.It

producesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirected

likearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson,butitisnotdeadly.（想象一下，一個(gè)警察在追一個(gè)小

偷。那個(gè)小偷試圖逃跑。而警官也不能讓他逃跑。他拿出一個(gè)特殊的裝置，指著嫌疑人，然后打開它。那

個(gè)小偷倒在了地上。這種新武器被稱為遠(yuǎn)程定向聲波發(fā)射器。它會(huì)發(fā)出震耳欲聾的聲音，非常痛苦，會(huì)暫

時(shí)使人失去能力。LRAD發(fā)出的噪音像光線一樣直射，只會(huì)進(jìn)入此人的耳朵，但不會(huì)致命）”可推斷，警察可

通過噪音攝入小偷的耳朵制服小偷。故選D項(xiàng)。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsby

analyzingthewavesoftheiningsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescancel

eachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineorpointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietesback.（有人可能想知

道沉默機(jī)器是如何工作的。它的工作原理是分析入射聲波并并創(chuàng)建第二射出波。這兩組波互相抵消了。只

需轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)機(jī)器或?qū)⑵鋵?duì)準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)，就會(huì)再次恢復(fù)平靜。）”可知，分析入射聲波、發(fā)出射出波，對(duì)準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)是沉默機(jī)

器工作的原理。故選A項(xiàng)。

7.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thiscanbeusefulfbrbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersa

newwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthe

menu,allowingcustomerstohavemorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundis

alsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.（這對(duì)餐館和商店等企業(yè)可能很有用,因?yàn)樗?/p>

供了一種吸引顧客的新方式。餐館可以在菜單上提供音樂的各種食物選擇，讓顧客更多地控制他們用餐的

氛圍。定向的聲音也開始出現(xiàn)在購物中心，甚至在家里。）''可知，這段主要介紹定向聲音在餐廳、劇院、商

場和家庭的應(yīng)用。故選B項(xiàng)。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第——段中的“tocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.（倉U造基于我們

稱之為聲音的現(xiàn)象的新產(chǎn)品）”以及定向聲音這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用可知，本文主要講述采用聲音技術(shù)的新產(chǎn)品。

故選C項(xiàng)。

3

AChineseprofessorinLosAngelesrepelled（擊退）anarmedrobberyattemptbyusingmartialartslastweek,

SouthernMetropolisDailyreportedonTuesday.

ZhouPigai,aprofessorattheSchoolofPublicAdministrationofXiangtanUniversityinCentralChina9s

Hunanprovince,arrivedinLosAngelestoparticipateinanacademicvisitingprogramattheUniversityof

SouthernCaliforniaonOct.31.

Thenextday,whileZhouwaslookingforaplacetostayinChinatown,aneighborhoodindowntownLA,a

robberwearingablackmaskgotoutofatruckparkednearhimandheldhimatgunpointinanarrowstreet.Zhou,

withexperienceinmartialarts,reflexively（條件反射地）disarmed（繳械）therobber,knockingbothhimselfand

therobberdownwithakick.

AfterZhougotupandretreatedtoanearbyroad,therobberpursuedhim,holdinghim