目錄

必修lUnit4NaturalDisasters..............................................................................................................................................2

TheNightTheEarthDidn'tSie叩................................................................2

TSUNAMIHITSASIA:OVER6,500DEAD..........................................................................................................3

.........................................................................................................................................................................3

詞匯翻譯訓(xùn)練...........................................................................5

名校模擬試題閱讀...........................................................................6

01露脊鯨所受傷害.......................................................................6

02西部帝王蝶的數(shù)量逐漸下降的現(xiàn)狀及原因................................................9

真題閱讀...................................................................................II

01加州大樹(shù)銳減嚴(yán)重...................................................................11

02黃石國(guó)家公園里灰狼的消失導(dǎo)致了一系列問(wèn)題..........................................13

主題寫作訓(xùn)練——安全、自然災(zāi)難............................................................14

01人行道安全隱患.....................................................................14

02古鎮(zhèn)遭受破壞.......................................................................15

03一次印象深刻的生態(tài)旅游.............................................................16

04保護(hù)全球文化遺產(chǎn)...................................................................17

必修Wnit4ScienceandScientists

TheNightTheEarthDidn'tSleep

StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Forseveraldays,thewaterinthe

villagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewell

hadsumcsmellygascoininguulufit.Chickensandevenpigswcicluuncivuuslucat,anddugsiefusedlugu

insidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide,andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3：

00a.m.,on28July1976,brightlightswereseenin(heskyoutside(hecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.

Butthecity'sonemillionpeoplewereasleepasusualthatnight.

At3:42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!Elevenkilometres

directlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencaused

damagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!Ahugecrack,eight

kilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacrosshouses,roads,andwaterways.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversof

dirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.

Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthe

quakewasmorethan400,000.

Everywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.Nearlyeverythingin(hecitywasdestroyed.About

75percentofthecity'sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitalsweregone.Bricks

coveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenot

safetocross.TherailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofmctaLTensofthousandsofcows,hundredsof

thousandsofpigs,andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewerein

shock—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.

Evenmorebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhow

longthedisasterwouldIasi.

Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafur(hequakes,(hearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigout(hosewho

weretrappedandtoburythedead.Morethan10,0(X)doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcare.Workers

builtsheltersforsunivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Water

andfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain,truck,andplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.

Tangshanstartedtoreviveitselfandgetbackuponitsfeet.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthe

tirelesseffortsofthecity'speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcilyhasbecome

ahometomorethansevenmillionpeople,withgreatimprovementsintransportation,industry,andenvironment.

TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshow

thewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.

TsunamiHitsAsia:Over6,500Dead

Themostpowerfulearthquakein(hepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsia

yesterday,killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,andalleastfourolhercountries.

Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethat

reachedamagnitudeof9.0.Theunderseaquakestruckaround7:00a.m.,SundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia's

SumatraIsland.Inthatareaalone,atleast1,87()peoplewerekilled.

InSriLanka,some1,600kilometreswestofthequakecentre,thenumberofdeathsstoodat2,498,andone

millionmorewereaffectedbythetsunami,governmentofficialssaid.Indianofficialssaidasmanyas1,900had

beenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.Another254werefounddeadinThailandand54inthreeothercountries.In

southernThailand,1,900peoplewerehurtandmanymoreweremissing,localofficialssaid.

Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.Wehadtoleaveeverything

andrun(osafety,"saidChandraTheeravit.alocalThaiwoman.

Thousandsofpeoplearestillrrissing,andthenumberofdeathsisexpectedtogrowevenhigheroverthenext

fewdays.Foreignaidisbeingorganisedforthetsunami-hitcountries.However,dangerousconditionsand

damagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.

譯文

地球的一個(gè)不眠之夜

河北省東北部的農(nóng)村地區(qū)怪事連連：一連幾天，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出現(xiàn)了深

深的裂縫。至少有一口水井的裂絳冒出臭氣。雞甚至豬都隹慮不安，不愿進(jìn)食：狗拒絕進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)。N?鼠跑

到田外，尋找藏身之所，魚(yú)兒也跳出水面。1976年7月28口凌晨3:00左右，唐山城外的天空中出現(xiàn)了耀

眼亮光，接著又傳來(lái)巨大的聲響。然而，那天晚上城里的百萬(wàn)居民仍像往常?樣沉睡在夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)。

凌晨3:42,萬(wàn)物開(kāi)始搖晃，仿佛世界末日即將來(lái)臨！在城市正下方的11千米處，20世紀(jì)傷害最嚴(yán)重

之一的地震爆發(fā)了，遠(yuǎn)在150多千米以外的北京都受到了這場(chǎng)地震的破壞，全國(guó)幾乎三分之一的地區(qū)均有

震感！一條8千米長(zhǎng)、30米寬的巨大裂縫橫切房屋、道路和水路。堅(jiān)硬的石山變成了泥沙流。在不到一分

鐘的時(shí)間里，一座大城市淪為廢墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受傷，數(shù)以千計(jì)的孩子失去了父

母。在此次地震中喪亡或身受重傷的人數(shù)超過(guò)了40萬(wàn)。

幸存者目及之處無(wú)一不是廢墟，萬(wàn)物盡毀。市內(nèi)大約75%的工廠和大樓、90%的住房和所有的醫(yī)院都倒

塌了。磚塊就像秋天的紅葉覆蓋著地面，但是卻沒(méi)有風(fēng)能將其吹走。大多數(shù)橋梁不是坍塌了就是無(wú)法安全

通行了。鐵軌變成了廢金屬塊；數(shù)萬(wàn)頭奶牛、數(shù)十萬(wàn)頭豬和數(shù)百萬(wàn)只雞也都死掉了。沙子灌滿水井，井水

消失殆盡。人們驚恐萬(wàn)狀，然而臨近傍晚時(shí)分，又一次強(qiáng)烈的地震撼動(dòng)唐山。更多的樓房倒塌了。沒(méi)有水、

食物，電也停了。人們心里開(kāi)始疑惑這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難還會(huì)持續(xù)多久。

然而，希望尚存。地震發(fā)生后不久，部隊(duì)派出了15萬(wàn)名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中搶救出來(lái)，并

掩埋了死者。上萬(wàn)名醫(yī)療工作者趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，救死扶傷.工人為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所，數(shù)十

萬(wàn)的群眾獲到了幫助，火車、卡車和飛機(jī)給城市運(yùn)來(lái)了食物和飲用水。慢慢地，這座城市乂開(kāi)始恢復(fù)了生

機(jī)。

唐山重新站起來(lái)并獲得了新生。有了來(lái)自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在廢

墟中被建立起來(lái)。這座新的城市已經(jīng)成為700多萬(wàn)人的家園，交通、工業(yè)和環(huán)境都得到了巨大的改善。唐

山向中國(guó)、向世界證明，在自然災(zāi)難中，人民必須勃力同心，保持樂(lè)觀的心態(tài)和重建家園的決心。

海嘯襲擊亞洲：6500余人喪生

昨日，40年來(lái)最為強(qiáng)烈的地震引發(fā)了沖擊亞洲沿海地帶的海嘯，造成印度尼西亞、印度、泰國(guó)、馬來(lái)

西亞和至少其他四個(gè)國(guó)家6500多人死亡。漁民、游客、酒店、住房和汽車都被高達(dá)9.0級(jí)的強(qiáng)震所引發(fā)的

巨浪卷走。海嘯巨浪由周日上午7點(diǎn)許發(fā)生在印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島西岸附近海域的海底地震引發(fā)。僅該

地區(qū)就有至少187()人遇難。

政府官員稱，在震中以西約1600千米處的斯里蘭卡，死亡人數(shù)高達(dá)2498人，另有100多萬(wàn)人受到海

嘯的影響。印度官員稱，南部沿海地區(qū)有多達(dá)1900人喪生。泰國(guó)另有254人死亡，其他三個(gè)國(guó)家則有54

人喪生。當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T表示，泰國(guó)南部有1900人受傷，失蹤人數(shù)則更多。泰國(guó)當(dāng)?shù)匾晃慌渝X德拉?特拉維說(shuō)：

“當(dāng)時(shí)我和我的三個(gè)孩子正在吃早飯，海水開(kāi)始灌入屋內(nèi)。我們只好放棄一切，逃到安全的地方。”

目前仍有數(shù)千人失蹤，預(yù)計(jì)在未來(lái)幾天死亡人數(shù)還將增加。目前（人們）正在為這些受海嘯襲擊的國(guó)家組

織外援。然而，由于條件險(xiǎn)惡和道路受阻，食物運(yùn)送和物資補(bǔ)給將非常困難。

詞匯翻譯訓(xùn)練

1.ruin/ruIn/n.&vt.破壞；毀壞

inruins/1nruInz/嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪

請(qǐng)朝譯：

房屋被摧毀，植物遭到破壞，災(zāi)難地區(qū)的人們迫切需要幫助。

Housesdeslroyedandplantsruined,peopleindisasterareasareindesperateneedofhelp.

2.shock/JDk/n.震驚；令人震驚的事;休克vt.（使）震驚

insliock/InJDk/震驚;吃驚

請(qǐng)翻譯:

①這就是為什么有一天我們出去散步時(shí)，當(dāng)她從我身邊走開(kāi)時(shí)，我感到非常震驚。

That'swhyitwassuchashockwhenshepulledawayfrommeonedaywhenwewereoutforawalk.

②我成功地看完了剩下的戲，心里仍然感到震驚。

Igolthroughtherestoftheplaysuccessfully、stillashockinm、mind.

③我對(duì)意外的客人和禮物感到震驚，不知該說(shuō)些什么。

ShockedattheunexpectedguestandgiftIwasatalosswhattosay.

3.tr卬/t儂p/vt.使落入險(xiǎn)境；使陷入圈套n.險(xiǎn)境；陷阱

請(qǐng)翻譯：

聽(tīng)到你困在高溫的意大利的消息，我們的心沉重，我們擔(dān)心你的安全。

HearingthenewsthatvouhavebeentrancedinItalywithhighteirperature,ourheartssinkandweareconcerned

aboutyoursafely.

4.breathe/bri：d/vi.&vt.呼吸

請(qǐng)翻譯：

①她松了一口氣。

Shebreathedasiehofrelief.

②我的臉緊貼著窗戶，呼吸困難。

MyfacepressedagainstthewindowandIfoundithardtobreathe.

5.effort/'￡fa/tn.努力；艱難的嘗式；盡力

請(qǐng)翻譯：

①但是我牢記改善自己并盡一切努力實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。

ButIamkeepingasharpmindtoimprovemyselfandtakingallmveffortstoachievemygoal.

②只有當(dāng)我們每個(gè)人都盡一切努力回收教科書(shū)時(shí)，我們才能為建設(shè)資源保護(hù)社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)！

Onlywheneveryoneofussparenoefforttorecyclethetextbookscanwemakeacontributiontobuildinga

resource-conservingsociety!

6.wisdom/'wizdom/n.智慧;才智

請(qǐng)翻譯：

到達(dá)西安后，我們?nèi)⒂^了兵馬俑，在那里我們看到了中國(guó)古代人民的智慈。

AfterarrivinginXi'an,wewenttovisittheTerracottaWarriors,wherewesawthewisdomofancientChinese

people.

名校模擬試題閱讀

01露脊鯨所受傷害

NorthAtlanticrightwhalesnowgrowsmallerthantheydid40yearsago,andnewresearchsuggestsaleading

causeisthedamagethathumanactivityhasdonetothecriticallyendangeredspecies.

Thefindings,publishedinthejournalCurrentBiology,revealthatwhenfullygrown,aNorthAtlanticright

whaleborntodaywouldbeexpectectobeaboutonemetershorterthanawhalebomin1980.Currently,full-grown

membersofthespeciesaverage13to14metersinlength.

Researchersusedhigh-rcsolutionphotographsto'tracksizeandbodyconditionof129rightwhales.Their

researchindicatedthatamajorreasonfbrtheanimals,recentgrowthproblemisentanglement（纏繞）inropeand

fishingequipment.

NorthAtlanticrightwhalestypicallymoveupanddowntheEasternseaboard,fromFloridatoCanada.In

recentyears,morethanhalfthepopulationcanbefoundfromlatewintertoearlyspringoffthecoastofCapeCod,

wheretheysailthroughadeadlymaze（迷宮）ofropeandfishingequipment.

Entanglementsintheequipmentcanleadtolife-threateninginfections,starvation,ordrowning（溺水）.Even

whentheydon'tkillthewhales,theycancauselong-termharm,theresearchersfound.Whenthewhalesgetcaught

infishingequipmentandendupdraggingitaround,itforcesthentoexpendmoreenergyfightingtosurvive,

insteadofgrowingorreproducing.Notonlydoesentanglementcontributetoreducedbodysizeforanindividual

whale,butfemaleNorthAtlanticrightwhalesentangledwhilenursingproducesmallerbabies.Thaithreatensthe

rcpopulationofaspecieswithsofev/remainingmembers.

Inresponse,conservationistssaymanagersoffishinggroundsneedtobettermanagethefishinggrounds,

whoseequipmenton（heseafloorisconsideredtheprimarycauseofentanglements.Onepotentialanswerisgreater

investmentinthedevelopmentandtestingofropelessfishingtechnology.

“Thereisnotimetowait,^^researcherssaid."Thespeciescan'ttolerateanyfurtherimpacts,oritwillhaveno

futurc.^^

12.WhatcanwclearnaboutNorthAtlanticrightwhales?

A.Overfishingslowstheirgrowthinsize.

B.Theycouldgrowto15meterslorgdecadesago.

C.Theywillsoonbecomeendangeredduetohumanactivity.

D.Hundredsof（hemsufferfromentanglemenleveryyear.

13.Whichaspectofthewhaleswillbeharmedbyentanglementinthelongrun?

A.Growthandreproduction.B.Diseaseresistance.

C.Food-seeking.D.Breathing.

14.Whatdocstheunderlinedword叮hat”inparagraph5referto?

A.Weightlossofnursingwhales.B.Declineinthenumberofwhales.

C.Energylossofindividualwhales.D.Smallersizeofthewhales.

15.WhichmighthelpsaveNorthAtlanticrightwhalesaccordingtothetext?

AMakingoceanfishingcompletelyunlawful.

B.Banningtheuseoffishingequipment.

C.Improvingtheseafloorenvironment.

D.Investingmoreinrope-freefishingtechnology.

【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了北大西洋露宥鯨現(xiàn)在比40年前變小了，新的研究表明，其中一個(gè)主

要原因是人類的繩索和捕魚(yú)設(shè)備纏住對(duì)這種極度瀕危物種的破壞。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段"Thefindings,publishedinthejournalCurrentBiology,revealthatwhenfullygrown,

aNorthAtlanticrightwhaleborntodaywouldbeexpectedtobeaboutonemetershorterthanawhalebornin1980.

Currently,full-grownmembersofthespeciesaverage13to14metersinlength」發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》雜志上的

研究結(jié)果顯示，如今出生的北大西洋露脊鯨在完全長(zhǎng)大后，預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)比1980年出生的鯨魚(yú)矮1米左右。目前，

該物種的成年成員平均長(zhǎng)度為13至14米。戶可知，現(xiàn)在鯨魚(yú)平均長(zhǎng)度為13至14米，比1980年出生的鯨

魚(yú)矮1米左右，由此可以推斷，1980年出生的鯨魚(yú)可以長(zhǎng)到15米。故選B項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第五段"Whenthewhalesgetcaughtinfishingequipmentandendupdraggingitaround,it

forcesthemtoexpendmoreenergyfightingtosunive,insteadofgrowingorreproducing.（當(dāng)鯨魚(yú)被漁具纏住，拖

著漁具四處游動(dòng)時(shí)，這迫使它們花費(fèi)更多的能量來(lái)掙扎求生，而不是生長(zhǎng)或繁殖。戶可知當(dāng)鯨魚(yú)被漁具纏住，

他們?yōu)榱饲笊?，很少生長(zhǎng)或繁殖。故選A項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。由文章第五段“Noionlydoesentanglementcontributetoreducedbodysizeforanindividualwhale,

butfemaleNorthAtlanticrightwhalesentangledwhilenursingproducesmallerbabies.（纏結(jié)不僅會(huì)減少單個(gè)鯨

魚(yú)的體型，北大西洋的雌性露脊鯨在哺乳時(shí)纏結(jié)會(huì)產(chǎn)生更小的嬰兒?？芍p結(jié)會(huì)讓鯨魚(yú)生產(chǎn)出更小的嬰兒。

結(jié)合后文“threatensthercpopulationofaspecieswithsofewremainingmembers.（威脅至l］一個(gè)物種的再繁殖，因

為剩下的成員很少）“，可知that指鯨魚(yú)的體型變小這件事。故選D項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“Onepotentialanswerisgreaterinvestmentinthedevelopmentandtestingof

ropelessfishingtechnology.（一個(gè)可能的答案是加大對(duì)無(wú)繩捕魚(yú)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)和測(cè)試的投資。）“可知加大對(duì)無(wú)繩捕

魚(yú)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)和測(cè)試的投資是一個(gè)解決辦法。故選D項(xiàng)。

02西部帝王蝶的數(shù)量逐漸下降的現(xiàn)狀及原因

Westernmonarchbutterflies(帝王蝶)spendtheirwintersonthecentralCaliforniacoast.Afewmonthslater,

theyproduceyoungintheCentralValleyandasfarnorthandcastasIdaho.Butwheretheygoinbetweenremains

anopenquestiontobiologists.Therefore,agroupofbiologistscallonanyonewhospotsamonarchnorthofSanta

Barbarathisspringtogetaquickshotandemailthemthephotowithadateandalocation.

“Something'sgoingoninearlyspring,“saidCherylSchultz,aprofessoratWashingtonStateUniversity

Vancouver.Wintersunivalisn'ttheproblemintheshorttemi,buttheydon'tknowwhetherthemonarchsarenot

makingittoproducingplaces,notfindingplantstofeed(hemselvesalongtheway,shesaid.

TheWesternmonarchpopulationstoodinthemillionsin(he1980s.In2017,anannualcountfound200,000

butterflies.In2018,thenumberfelltoabout30,000—afigurethatheldsteadylastyear.Themonarchs'declineis

partofalargertrendamongdozensofbutterflyspeciesintheWest.Whatexactlycausedthedecline?Biologists

attachittoavarietyofreasons.Manychemicalsarcsprayedontacmilkweedmonarchswillfeedon.Climate

changealsoplaysaroleinchallengesfacingmonarchs.Yet,they'renotnearlyasthreateningasthoseleadingto

lossoftheirlivingroom.Farmsusedtohaveroughbordersthatweregroundsfortheplantsmonarchsloveandlive

in.However,newlyappliedpracticespushedcropstotheedgeoffields.

“Butterfliesoftenhavegoodyearsandbad.Wedothinkthere'spotentialtoturnthesituationaround,Dr.

Schultzsaid.Andshesaidshesawtworeasonsfor(hat.First,(hepopulationdeclineseenin2017-2018wasn't

repeatedlastyear.Andsecond,she'sseenbutterflypopulationsrecoverbefore.

8.Whydothebiologistsneedthepublic'shelp?

A.Toconfirmmonarchs'producingplaces.

B.Tofindhowmonarchssurvivethewinter.

C.Toaddresstheunknownaboutmonarchs.

D.Tbknowthedistancethatmonarchscover.

9.Whichofthefollowingharmsmonarchsmost?

A.Newfarmingpractices.B.Lackofhealthyfood.

C.Wideuseofchemicals.D.Severeclimatechange.

10.WhatisDr.Schultz'sattitudetowardsmonarchs'future?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.WorriedD.Cautious.

11.What'sthebesttitlefbrthetext?

A.WhatIsHappeningtotheMonarchsB.WhytheMonarchsAreFlyingAway

C.WhereAlltheMonarchsHaveGoneD.HowtheMonarchsAdapttoNature

【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了西部帝王蝶的數(shù)量逐漸下降的現(xiàn)狀以及對(duì)背后原因的分析與

研究。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段三、四句"Butwheretheygoinbetweenremainsanopenquestiontobiologists.

Therefore,agroupofbiologistscallonanyonewhospotsamonarchnorthofSantaBarbarathisspringtogeta

quickshotandemail（hemthephotowithadateandalocation.（但是它們?cè)谥虚g的位置對(duì)生物學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)仍然是

一個(gè)懸而未決的問(wèn)題。因此，一群生物學(xué)家呼吁，今年春天，任何在圣巴巴拉北部看到帝工蝶的人，都可

以快速拍一張照片，然后用電子郵件發(fā)給他們照片上的日期和地點(diǎn)。）“可知，生物學(xué)家呼吁大眾幫忙的原

因是想要解決關(guān)于帝王蝶的未知問(wèn)題。故選C項(xiàng)。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后三句"Yet,they'renotnearlyasthreateningasthoseleadingtolossoftheir

livingroom.Farmsusedtohaveroughbordersthatweregroundsfortheplantsmonarchsloveandlivein.However,

newlyappliedpracticespushedcropstotheedgeoffields.（然而，它們遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有那些導(dǎo)致帝王蝶失去生存空間的

威脅大。農(nóng)場(chǎng)曾經(jīng)有粗糙的邊界，是帝王蝶喜愛(ài)和居住的植物的園地。然而，新應(yīng)用的做法將作物推向了

田地的邊緣。）”可知，新農(nóng)業(yè)活匆是對(duì)帝王蝶傷害最大的因素。故選A項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第一句“"Butterfliesoftenhavegoodyearsandbad.Wedothinkthere's

potentialtoturnthesituationaround,,5Dr.Schultzsaid.（“蝴蝶經(jīng)常有好年景和壞年景。我們確實(shí)認(rèn)為有可能扭

轉(zhuǎn)這種局面，”舒爾茨博士說(shuō)。）“可知，舒爾茨博士對(duì)帝王蝶的未來(lái)持積極的態(tài)度。故選8項(xiàng)＜

[11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段一、二、三句"TheWesternmonarchpopulationstoodinthemillionsinthe1980s.

In2017,anannualcountfound200,000butterflies.In2018,thenumberfelltoabout30,000—afigurethatheld

steadyIasiyear.（20世紀(jì)80年代，西方帝王蝶的數(shù)量達(dá)到數(shù)百萬(wàn)。2017年，每年的統(tǒng)計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn)了20萬(wàn)只蝴蝶。

2018年，這一數(shù)字下降到約3萬(wàn)人，而去年這一數(shù)字保持穩(wěn)定。）、'和五、六句"Whatexactlycausedthedecline?

Biologistsattachittoavarietyofreasons.（究竟是什么導(dǎo)致了這種下降?生物學(xué)家給出了各種各樣的原因。）“

結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要圍繞帝王蝶身上究竟發(fā)生了什么來(lái)展開(kāi)，所以A選項(xiàng)“WhatIsHappeningto（he

Monarchs（帝王蝶發(fā)生了什么）”作為標(biāo)題最為合適。故選A項(xiàng)。

真題閱讀

01加州大樹(shù)銳減嚴(yán)重

Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimate

changeseemstobeamajorfactor（因素）.

Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremiles

ofCaliforniaforests,（henewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttothe

SierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,（henumberofbig

treeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.

Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthe

study.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.Aggressivewildfirecontrolhas

leftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources（資源）.

RutincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001

and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidentevenin

wildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.

Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsuffered（hegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchers

figuredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparison

withhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthe

limingofsnowmek（融雪）.

Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrising

temperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupply

availabletotreesduringthedryseason.

27.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.

B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.

C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.

D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.

28.Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?

A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B.Banningwoodcutting.

C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.D.Firecontrolmeasures.

29.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?

A.Inadequatesnowmelt.B.Alongerdryseason.

C.Awarmerclimate.D.Dampnessoftheair.

30.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.California'sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?

B.CuttingofBigTreestoDeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoon

C.WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?

D.PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia

【答案】

27.A段落大意題第二段內(nèi)容提到，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過(guò)4.6萬(wàn)平方英里的

加州森林中，直徑大于兩英尺的樹(shù)木數(shù)量下降了50%。從霧氣彌漫的北部海岸到內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈，再到洛杉

磯上空的圣加布里埃爾，沒(méi)有任何地區(qū)幸免或不受影響。在塞拉高地，大樹(shù)的數(shù)量下降了55%以上；在

南加州部分地區(qū)，下降率接近75%。由此可知，第二段主要介紹了加州大樹(shù)的受損情況。

28.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題第三段講了導(dǎo)致加州大樹(shù)數(shù)目下降的許多因素。其中最后一句話提到，激進(jìn)的野火控制

使得加州森林里擠滿了小樹(shù)，這些小樹(shù)與大樹(shù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)資源。由此可知實(shí)行火災(zāi)防控措施雖然是出于好意，

卻對(duì)大樹(shù)的生長(zhǎng)不利。

29.C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題文章最后一段中提到ihebiggestfactorsdrivingupwater

stressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,McIntyre認(rèn)為自20世紀(jì)30年代以來(lái)，導(dǎo)致加州水資源

緊張的最大因素是不斷上升的氣溫，氣溫升高會(huì)導(dǎo)致樹(shù)木流失更多的水分，而提早的融雪則會(huì)減少樹(shù)

木在旱季的水資源供應(yīng)。由此可知是溫暖的氣候?qū)е铝怂M(fèi)源缺乏。

30.A主旨大意題文章主要介紹了加州大樹(shù)銳減的嚴(yán)重狀況以及導(dǎo)致加州大樹(shù)數(shù)目下降的許多因素。因此

A項(xiàng)California'sForests:Where[laveAlltheBigTreesGone?最合適作標(biāo)題。

02黃石國(guó)家公園里灰狼的消失導(dǎo)致了一系列問(wèn)題

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.Fourteenwolves

werecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrownto

morethan170wolves.

GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,

bu（theyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfrom

（heYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumans

around.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations-majorfood

sources（來(lái)源）forthewolf-grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation［植被），which

reducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyotes

killedalargepercentageofthepark'sredfbxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.They

hopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteprobems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecause

theyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.Fishand

WildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesover

hov/wellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversand

redfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttokelpbiologists

decidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.

28.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.

B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.

C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.

D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword'displaced''inparagraph2mean?

A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.

30.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?

A.Damagetolocalecology.B.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.

C.Preservationofvegetation.D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.

31.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.

答案與解析

28.D主旨大意題文章開(kāi)頭便提出了全文的主旨graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark,

接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容都是圍繞這一主題展開(kāi)的，包括為什么引入灰狼，以及引入后的效果等等。

29.C詞義猜測(cè)題根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，以及下文多次出現(xiàn)的disappeared可知，此處指灰狼被迫離開(kāi)了黃石國(guó)

家公園。

30.A推理判斷題文章第三段提到灰狼的消失導(dǎo)致了很多問(wèn)題：鹿和郊狼的數(shù)量遞增、植被的多樣性減少、

紅狐和河貍的數(shù)量減少，這些都屬于給當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境帶來(lái)的破壞。

31.D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題文章最后一段提到，灰狼的引入改善了黃石國(guó)家公園的生態(tài)，作者認(rèn)為這一舉措對(duì)于生

態(tài)學(xué)家們決定是否將灰狼引入到其它地方起到了很有價(jià)值的實(shí)驗(yàn)性作用。由此可知，作者持的是肯定的

態(tài)度。

主題寫作訓(xùn)練——安全、自然災(zāi)難

01人行道安全隱患

假定你是李華，在上學(xué)和放學(xué)過(guò)程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)在學(xué)校大門外交通比較擁堵，學(xué)生過(guò)馬路或人行道存在比較大

的安全隱患，請(qǐng)寫封信向相關(guān)人士反映此情況并提出你的意見(jiàn)和建議。

內(nèi)容包括：

1、存在情況：

2、提出意見(jiàn)和建議。

注意：

I、詞數(shù)80左右；

2、可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

DearSirorMadam.

Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

Yours,

LiHua

【答案】DearSirorMadam,

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