2024—2025學年下期高二教學質量調研測試英語考生注意：1.答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有2分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredidthewomanprobablygolastnight?A.Amovietheater.B.Aclothingstore.C.Asportscenter.2.Howdoesthemansound?A.Confident.B.Surprised.C.Regretful.3.WhenwilltheBrownsprobablycomeoverforlunch?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.4.Whydoesthewomanrefusetheinvitation?A.Shedislikesbadminton.B.Shehasanappointmentwithherdoctor.CSheneedstoaccompanyafamilymember.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Alecture.B.Ateacher.C.Asubject.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatcausedthewomantoconsidergivingup?A.Failureinanexam.B.Criticismfromtheclassmates.C.Difficultyinfollowingherteacher.7.Howdoesthemanrespondtothewoman’sconcern?A.Bymakingacalltoherteacher.B.Byrelatingtohispastexperiences.C.Bypromisingtoassistherinphysics.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whereisthemanaskedtowait?A.Intheseatingarea.B.Inthemanager’soffice.C.Intheinterviewroom.9.Whatarethecompany’shiringpracticeslike?A.Theydonotconsidernewgraduates.B.Theypreferexperiencedprofessionals.C.Theyarrangemultipleinterviewsonaday.10.Whatcanweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasnorelatedworkexperience.B.Hehasworkedintheelectronicsfieldbefore.C.Hehasn’tpreparedwellfortheinterview.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whydoesthewomancometotheman?A.Toarrangeameeting.B.Toaskforhisopinion.C.Toinformhimofadecision.12.Howmanymembersdoesthewoman’steamhaveatpresent?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.13.Whycan’tthemanjointhewoman’steam?A.Hemissedtheproject’sdeadline.B.Hisperformanceisunsatisfactory.C.Theteamhasreachedthememberlimit.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Hostandguest.B.Professorandstudent.C.Petkeeperandanimaldoctor.15.Whatdrivesbirdstoadjusttheirsingingvolume?A.Competitionwitheachother.B.Changeinweatherconditions.C.Loudbackgroundnoise.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Teachbirdidentification.B.Playsomebirdsinging.C.Promoteawarenessofnoisepollution.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Callingforvolunteers.B.Introducinganactivity.C.Sharinganadventure.18.Whatitemsaren’tstudentsallowedtobring?A.Pointedsticks.B.Musicalinstruments.C.Variouscameras.19.Whatcanparentsdoiftheywearcostumes?AJoinintheparade.B.Helporganizetheevent.C.Standinthemiddleofwalkways.20.Whatshouldnon-participatingstudentsdoduringtheevent?A.Staywiththeirinstructor.B.Gotothecafeteria.C.Waitinthestaffroom.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AJuneinEurope-puremagic!Thecontinenthitsthatperfectsweetspot,wheretheweather’samazing.Whetheryou’regoingafterMediterraneanatmosphere,orcharmingold-worldstreets,thefollowingcitiesabsolutelyshineinJune.Zagreb,CroatiaZagrebfeelslikeEurope’sbest-keptsecret,especiallyinJune,whentemperatureshitmid-70s℉.Thiscityoperatesoncaffeineandconversation—localsliftcoffee-drinkingtothesamepositionasanOlympicsport.TheUpperTown’scobblestone(鵝卵石)streetsarestraightoutofafairytale.Plus,INmusicFestivalbringscoolbandstoLakeJarun,buttherealmagichappensineverydaymoments:surpriseparkconcerts.Valencia,SpainValenciainJuneisabsolutefire—literally!ThemonthpeaksinLasHoguerasdeSanJuan(June23—24),whenthebeacheruptswithbonfires,fireworks,andpartiescelebratingthesummersolstice(夏至),awell-knownsolarterm.Beforethatgrandending,you’llenjoyperfectlywarm80°Fdays,exploringacitythatcapturesthebeach-meets-cultureatmosphere.Trondheim,NorwayTrondheiminJuneisastrangebutwonderfulplacewherethesunbarelysets,andyoulosetrackoftime,withtemperaturesaroundapleasant65℉.Theendlessdaysgiveyousupernaturalenergytoexplorethisuniqueuniversitytownwherecutting-edgeNorwegiandesignmeetsthousand-year-oldtraditions.Joinlocalsformidnighthikes,unplannedharborswims,andfestivalsthatseemtoneverend.Paris,FranceForgetParisinApril;JuneiswhentheCityofLightreallyshines!TheSeine’sbankstransformintoamassivehangoutspotwherelocalssharewineandlaughsuntilsunset.Cafeplatformsarecrowded.Don’tmissFetedelaMusiqueonJune21,whentheentirecitybecomesonegiantconcertwithfreeperformanceseverywhereincelebrationofthesummersolstice.PacksomesnacksforaneveningpicnicbeneaththeEiffelTower,andthenwatchitsparkleastwilightfinallyarrives.1.WhatcanvisitorsdoinZagrebinJune?A.Pickaspecialkindofstones. B.Appreciatesurpriseconcerts.C.WatchOlympiccompetitions. D.Learnhowtomakecoffee.2.WhatdoactivitiesinValenciaandParishaveincommon?A.Theyfeaturethethemeoffire. B.Theyattachgreatimportancetoliterature.C.Theyfocusspecificallyonlocalcuisine. D.Theyincludecelebrationsforasolarterm.3.Whichcountryoffersauniqueexperienceofnearlycontinuousdaylight?A.Spain. B.Croatia. C.Norway. D.France.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。本文介紹了歐洲四座城市在六月份各自的特色活動和魅力?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Zagreb,Croatia部分中“Plus,INmusicFestivalbringscoolbandstoLakeJarun,buttherealmagichappensineverydaymoments:surpriseparkconcerts.(此外，INmusic音樂節(jié)會將酷炫的樂隊帶到Jarun湖，但真正的魔力其實體現(xiàn)在日常生活中的驚喜公園音樂會上)”可知，六月份游客可以在Zagreb

欣賞驚喜音樂會。故選B。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Valencia,Spain部分中“ThemonthpeaksinLasHoguerasdeSanJuan(June23—24),whenthebeacheruptswithbonfires,fireworks,andpartiescelebratingthesummersolstice(夏至),awell-knownsolarterm.(六月的Valencia在LasHoguerasdeSanJuan（6月23日至24日）達到高潮，屆時海灘上將燃起篝火、綻放煙花，人們還會舉辦派對慶祝夏至這一著名的節(jié)氣)”和Paris,France部分中“Don’tmissFetedelaMusiqueonJune21,whentheentirecitybecomesonegiantconcertwithfreeperformanceseverywhereincelebrationofthesummersolstice.(不要錯過6月21日的FêtedelaMusique，屆時整個城市將變成一場大型音樂會，到處都有免費表演來慶祝夏至)”可知，Valencia和Paris活動的共同點是它們都包括對節(jié)氣——夏至的慶祝。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Trondheim,Norway部分中“TrondheiminJuneisastrangebutwonderfulplacewherethesunbarelysets,andyoulosetrackoftime,withtemperaturesaroundapleasant65℉.(六月的Trondheim是一個奇特而美妙的地方，那里幾乎看不到日落，氣溫宜人，大約在華氏65度左右，讓人感覺時間飛逝)”可知，挪威提供幾乎不間斷的白晝的獨特體驗。故選C。BFortwoyears,sorrowmadeherbodyfeellikeapressure-cooker.“Itwasn’tuntilmyjunioryearthatIdiscoveredsomethingthatreallyhelpedwiththereleaseofmyemotions,”saidBrookeStanford,wholosthermother,Andrea,topancreaticcancertwoweeksbeforearrivingoncampusasafreshmanofBostonCollege.“Theonethingthatreallyhelpedwasrunning.”NowStanfordisusingthesporttohonorhermotherandliftotherfamiliesfacingthedisease.She’sbeentrainingforthisyear’sBostonMarathonwhilerequestingdonationsforProjectPurple,anonprofitdevotedtofightingpancreaticcancerandsupportingpatients.Everyyear,theBostonAthleticAssociationpartnerswithasetofcharities,whichinturncallformarathonerstoraisemoneyaheadoftheraceday.Stanfordwon’tbetheonlycollegerunnerhittingthe26.2-milecourseforalovedoneonApril21.Eachofthesestudentsiscompetingforastrongfinishandasubstantialcollectionforacauseclosetotheheart.StanforddiscoveredProjectPurplelastsummerwhilegoingthroughalistofapprovedcharitiesforthemarathon.“IknewIwouldwanttorunforsomesortofcancerresearchorganization,butIdidn’tthinkthattherewouldbeonesofittingbecauseofwhatIhadbeenthrough,”shesaid.“Afterthat,ImadeitmyNo.1missiontogetaspotontheProjectPurpleteam.IspentmuchlongerdoingthatthanonanyassignmentHarvardhasevergivenme.”Thefirst-timemarathonerhascontinuedgivingitherall.Sheachievedher$50,000goaltwomonthsagoandcurrentlyranksamongtheTop10ofBostonMarathonfundraisersthisyear.AccordingtoKampf,shealsoranksamongProjectPurple’smostsuccessfulcharityrunnersever.“IwasjustsoexcitedthatIgottodothis—anddoitformymom.Insomeways,IfeellikeI’vefoundmylife’spurpose,”Stanfordsaid.“IwanttoworkmorewithProjectPurple.Iwanttomakeadifference.Iwanttohelpendpancreaticcancer.”4.WhatdroveStanfordtostartrunning?A.Theunbearablesadness. B.Theacademicpressure.C.Theaimtoimprovephysicalhealth. D.Thedesiretomeethermother’sexpectations.5.WhydidStanfordchoosetosupportProjectPurple?A.Itofferedthehighestfundraisingrewards.B.Itstrainingprogramswerethemostprofessional.C.Itsgoalscloselymatchedherpersonalexperience.D.ItwasrecommendedbytheBostonAthleticAssociation.6.WhatdoesStanford’scurrentfundraisingachievementdemonstrate?A.Thepopularityofcharitymarathonruns.B.Herremarkablecommitmenttothecause.C.Thenecessityofsettingdonationtargets.D.HerdevotiontopublicizingProjectPurple.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeStanford?A.Talentedandhumble. B.Sympatheticanddetermined.C.Competitiveanddisciplined. D.Ambitiousandhumorous.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述BrookeStanford因母親患胰腺癌離世而陷入悲傷，她通過跑步緩解情緒，并為致力于對抗胰腺癌的ProjectPurple籌款，以紀念母親并幫助其他患者家庭?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Fortwoyears,sorrowmadeherbodyfeellikeapressure-cooker.“Itwasn’tuntilmyjunioryearthatIdiscoveredsomethingthatreallyhelpedwiththereleaseofmyemotions,”saidBrookeStanford,wholosthermother,Andrea,topancreaticcancertwoweeksbeforearrivingoncampusasafreshmanofBostonCollege.“Theonethingthatreallyhelpedwasrunning.”(兩年來，悲傷讓她的身體仿佛一個高壓鍋?！钡酱笕也虐l(fā)現(xiàn)真正有助于釋放我情緒的東西。’BrookeStanford說，她在作為波士頓學院大一新生入學前兩周，母親Andrea因胰腺癌去世?！嬲袔椭囊患戮褪桥懿健?”可知，是難以忍受的悲傷驅使Stanford開始跑步。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“StanforddiscoveredProjectPurplelastsummerwhilegoingthroughalistofapprovedcharitiesforthemarathon.“IknewIwouldwanttorunforsomesortofcancerresearchorganization,butIdidn’tthinkthattherewouldbeonesofittingbecauseofwhatIhadbeenthrough,”shesaid.(Stanford去年夏天在瀏覽馬拉松批準慈善機構名單時發(fā)現(xiàn)了ProjectPurple。‘我知道我想為某個癌癥研究組織跑步，但我沒想到會有一個如此契合我經歷的組織?！f。)”可知，Stanford選擇支持ProjectPurple是因為它的目標與她的個人經歷緊密匹配。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thefirst-timemarathonerhascontinuedgivingitherall.Sheachievedher$50,000goaltwomonthsagoandcurrentlyranksamongtheTop10ofBostonMarathonfundraisersthisyear.AccordingtoKampf,shealsoranksamongProjectPurple’smostsuccessfulcharityrunnersever.(這位首次參加馬拉松的選手一直在全力以赴。她兩個月前就完成了5萬美元的目標，目前在今年波士頓馬拉松籌款者中排名前10。據(jù)Kampf說，她也是ProjectPurple有史以來最成功的慈善跑者之一)”可知，Stanford目前的籌款成就表明了她對這項事業(yè)非凡的投入。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“IwasjustsoexcitedthatIgottodothis—anddoitformymom.Insomeways,IfeellikeI’vefoundmylife’spurpose,”Stanfordsaid.“IwanttoworkmorewithProjectPurple.Iwanttomakeadifference.Iwanttohelpendpancreaticcancer.”(‘我很興奮我能做這件事——為了我媽媽做這件事。在某些方面，我覺得我找到了人生的目標?！疭tanford說：‘我想和ProjectPurple有更多合作。我想有所作為。我想幫助終結胰腺癌’)”以及第二段中“NowStanfordisusingthesporttohonorhermotherandliftotherfamiliesfacingthedisease.She’sbeentrainingforthisyear’sBostonMarathonwhilerequestingdonationsforProjectPurple,anonprofitdevotedtofightingpancreaticcancerandsupportingpatients.

(現(xiàn)在，斯坦福大學正在利用這項運動來紀念她的母親，并幫助其他面臨這種疾病的家庭。她一直在為今年的波士頓馬拉松進行訓練，同時為紫色項目（ProjectPurple）募捐，這是一個致力于抗擊胰腺癌和支持患者的非營利組織。)”可知，Stanford因母親患胰腺癌離世，深知這種疾病給家庭帶來的痛苦，所以選擇為對抗胰腺癌的組織籌款，幫助其他面臨同樣疾病的家庭，這體現(xiàn)了她富有同情心（Sympathetic）；同時她明確表達想要和ProjectPurple有更多合作，幫助終結胰腺癌，展現(xiàn)出她堅定的決心，體現(xiàn)了她意志堅定（determined）。故選B項。CAnewlydevelopedsystemcombiningAIandroboticshasbeenhelpingamanwithtetraplegia(四肢癱瘓)turnhisthoughtsintomechanicalarmmovements-includingholdingandreleasingobjects—withthesystemworkingforsevenmonthswithoutreadjustment.That’swaybeyondthehandfulofdaysthatthesesetupstypicallylastforbeforetheyhavetobeadjusted—whichshowsthepromiseandpotentialofthetech,accordingtotheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco(UCSF)researchteam.Crucialtothebrain-computerinterface(BCI)systemaretheAIalgorithms(算法)usedtomatchspecificbrainsignalstospecificmovements.Themanisabletowatchtherobotarmmovementsinrealtimewhileimaginingthem,andachievegreateraccuracywiththeroboticactions,becauseifanythinggoesagainsthisoriginalintentions,hecanrectifyitintime.“ThiscombinationoflearningbetweenhumansandAIisthenextphaseforthesebrain-computerinterfaces,”saysneurologistKaruneshGanguly,fromUCSF.“It’swhatweneedtoachievecomplicated,life-likefunctions.”Guidingtheroboticarmthroughthoughtsalone,themancouldopenacupboard,takeoutacup,andplaceitunderawaterfountain.Thetechhasgreatpotentialtosupportpeoplewithdisabilityinawidevarietyofactions.Amongthediscoveriesmadeduringthecourseoftheresearch,theteamfoundthattheshapeofthebrainpatternsrelatedtomovementstayedthesame,buttheirlocationchangedslightlyovertime—somethingthat’sthoughttohappenasthebrainlearnsandtakesonnewinformation.TheAIwasabletoaddressthischangethankstothealgorithms,whichmeantthesystemdidn’tneedfrequentadjustment.What’smore,theresearchersareconfidentthatthespeedandtheaccuracyofthesetupcanbeimprovedovertime.Notably,thesystemfunctionedentirelythroughwillpoweralone,withnomachineassistance.Thesystemhasgivenvoicestothosewhocannolongerspeakandhelpedamanwithtetraplegiaplaygamesofchess.Whilethere’sstillalotmoreworktodo,asthetechnologykeepsonimproving,morecomplexactionswillbecomepossible.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rectify”inparagraph2mean?A.Correct. B.Ignore. C.Repeat. D.Simplify.9.WhatcanweknowabouttheBCIsystem?A.Itneedsexternaldevicestointerpretbrainsignals.B.Itrequiresuserstoverballycommandtheroboticarm.C.Itiscurrentlylimitedtobasicmovementslikeholdingobjects.D.Itenablesuserstoperformcomplexdailytasksindependently.10.HowdoestheAIalgorithmcontributetotheBCIsystem’seffectiveness?A.Bypredictingerrorsinreal-timeroboticactions.B.Byenhancingthespeedofroboticarmmovements.C.Byadaptingtoslightchangesinbrainsignallocations.D.Byfixingthelocationofbrainpatternsrelatedtomovement.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheBCIsystem’sfuture?A.Optimistic. B.Uncaring. C.Worried. D.Doubtful.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種新型腦機接口（BCI）系統(tǒng)如何通過結合AI和機器人技術，幫助四肢癱瘓患者通過思想控制機械臂完成日常動作，并探討了其技術原理、優(yōu)勢及未來潛力?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Themanisabletowatchtherobotarmmovementsinrealtimewhileimaginingthem,andachievegreateraccuracywiththeroboticactions,becauseifanythinggoesagainsthisoriginalintentions,hecan

rectify itintime.(該男子能夠在想象的同時實時觀察機器人手臂的運動，并通過機器人動作實現(xiàn)更高的準確性，因為如果有任何違背他初衷的事情，他可以及時rectify)”可知，如果機械臂的動作與他的初衷有任何違背，他就能及時糾正，這樣才能通過機器人動作實現(xiàn)更高的準確性，故畫線詞意思是“糾正”。A選項“Correct.(糾正)”符合題意。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Guidingtheroboticarmthroughthoughtsalone,themancouldopenacupboard,takeoutacup,andplaceitunderawaterfountain.Thetechhasgreatpotentialtosupportpeoplewithdisabilityinawidevarietyofactions.(僅通過思維控制機械臂，這名男子就能打開櫥柜、取出杯子并將其放置在飲水機下方。這項技術在支持殘疾人士進行各種動作方面具有巨大潛力。)”可知，這項技術有很大的潛力，可以幫助殘疾人在各種行動中獲得支持。由此可知，BCI系統(tǒng)能夠讓用戶獨立執(zhí)行復雜的日常任務。故選D?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Amongthediscoveriesmadeduringthecourseoftheresearch,theteamfoundthattheshapeofthebrainpatternsrelatedtomovementstayedthesame,buttheirlocationchangedslightlyovertime—somethingthat’sthoughttohappenasthebrainlearnsandtakesonnewinformation.TheAIwasabletoaddressthischangethankstothealgorithms,whichmeantthesystemdidn’tneedfrequentadjustment.

(在研究過程中，研究團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)，與運動相關的大腦信號模式的形狀保持不變，但它們的位置會隨著時間的推移而略有變化——這被認為是大腦在學習和接收新信息時發(fā)生的情況。人工智能之所以能夠應對這種變化，要歸功于算法，這意味著該系統(tǒng)無需頻繁調整。)”可知，AI算法通過適應腦信號位置的輕微變化（而非預測錯誤、提升速度或固定位置）提升系統(tǒng)有效性。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Notably,thesystemfunctionedentirelythroughwillpoweralone,withnomachineassistance.Thesystemhasgivenvoicestothosewhocannolongerspeakandhelpedamanwithtetraplegiaplaygamesofchess.Whilethere’sstillalotmoreworktodo,asthetechnologykeepsonimproving,morecomplexactionswillbecomepossible.(值得注意的是，該系統(tǒng)完全依靠人的意志力運行，沒有機器輔助。該系統(tǒng)為那些無法說話的人賦予了聲音，并幫助一位四肢癱瘓的男子下象棋。雖然還有大量的工作要做，但隨著技術的不斷進步，更復雜的動作也將成為可能。)”可知，針對該系統(tǒng)雖然有大量的工作要做，但隨著技術的不斷進步，更復雜的動作也將成為可能，并且可以為人類提供幫助，由此作者對BCI系統(tǒng)的未來持樂觀態(tài)度。故選A。DScientistsinHawaiihavediscoveredanewspeciesofmoth(蛾),anditscaterpillar,theearlystageinthedevelopmentofmoths,hasanunusuallifestyle.Itlivesinspiders’webs,eatinginsectsitfindsthere.Toprotectitselffromthespiders,thecaterpillarcoversitselfwithbodypartsfromdeadinsects,earningitthename“bonecollectorcaterpillar”.Bonecollectorcaterpillarsbelongto“fancycase”caterpillars,uniquetoHawaii.Whilemostinthisgroupmakesilkcasesordecoratethemwithnearbymaterials,bonecollectorcaterpillarstakeitfurther—theycarefullyselectandcutbitsofdeadinsectbodiestocovertheircases.Andthey’renotjustsatisfiedwithanyoldpartstheyfind.Instead,theyconstructtheircasesbycarefullychoosingbitsofinsectbodiesandcuttingthemtojustthesizetheyneed.Whywouldacaterpillardecorateitself?Theansweristhattheyliveinspiderwebs—averydangerousplaceforaninsect.Spiderwebsaregreatplacestofindfoodthatthespidersdon’teat,butthebonecollectorcaterpillarsdon’twanttobecomefoodthemselves.Bywrappingthemselveswithpiecesofdeadinsects,theyseemtofoolthespidersintoignoringthem.It’satoughwaytomakealiving,butitseemstowork.ScientistDanielRubinoffsaidthefirsttimehesawone,hejustcouldn’tbelieveit.Bonecollectorcaterpillarsareextremelyrare.Dr.Rubinofffirstdiscoveredonein2008.Sincethen,just62ofthemhavebeenfoundinall.TheinsectsareonlyfoundinasmallareaonthesideofamountainonHawaii’sOahuIsland.Theymainlychoosespiderwebsintreesorinholesinrocks.However,spidersaren’ttheonlythreatstocaterpillars.Overtime,invasive(入侵的)specieshavebeentakingoverHawaii’snaturalforests.Astheforestsaroundthemchange,itcouldbecomeharderforthecaterpillarstosurvive.Luckily,bonecollectorcaterpillarsseemtobeabletomanage,eveninthewebsofspidersthatdon’toriginallycomefromHawaii.12.Whatdistinguishesbonecollectorcaterpillarsfromother“fancycase”caterpillars?A.Theyusedeadinsectpartsfordecoration. B.Theyfeedonspiders’leftovers.C.TheylivemainlyinHawaii’sforests. D.Theymakesilkcasesforprotection.13.Whydobonecollectorcaterpillarschoosetoliveinspiderwebs?A.Theyrelyonspiderstohelpfindmates.B.Theylackthebasicabilitytobuildnests.C.Spiderwebsprovideeasyaccesstofoodsources.D.Spiderwebsprotectthemfrominvasivespecies.14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutbonecollectorcaterpillarsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Invasivespeciesmeanagreatthreattotheirsurvival.B.Scientistshavefullyunderstoodtheirsurvivalmechanism.C.Theyhaveadjustedtospiderwebsbeyondtheiroriginalhabitat.D.Theirpopulationhasexperiencedgreatupsanddownssince2008.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheFancyCaseCaterpillarsinHawaiiB.IncreasingThreatsFacingBoneCollectorCaterpillarsC.TheFightBetweenSpidersandCaterpillarsinHawaiiD.RareBoneCollectorCaterpillarsLivinginSpiderWebs【答案】12.A13.C14.C15.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了夏威夷科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種新蛾類幼蟲——收骨蟲蛾幼蟲。這種幼蟲生活在蜘蛛網上，以網上找到的昆蟲為食，并用死昆蟲的身體部位覆蓋自己以躲避蜘蛛的捕食，因此得名“收骨蟲蛾幼蟲”?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Whilemostinthisgroupmakesilkcasesordecoratethemwithnearbymaterials,bonecollectorcaterpillarstakeitfurther—theycarefullyselectandcutbitsofdeadinsectbodiestocovertheircases.(雖然這個群體中的大多數(shù)都用絲做繭或者用附近的材料裝飾繭，但收骨蟲蛾幼蟲卻更進一步——它們精心挑選并切割死昆蟲的尸體碎片來覆蓋自己的繭。)”可知，收骨蟲蛾幼蟲用死昆蟲的身體部位來裝飾自己的繭，這是它們與其他“花哨繭”蛾類幼蟲的區(qū)別。故選A項。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Spiderwebsaregreatplacestofindfoodthatthespidersdon’teat,butthebonecollectorcaterpillarsdon’twanttobecomefoodthemselves.(蜘蛛網是尋找蜘蛛不吃的食物的好地方，但收骨蟲蛾幼蟲自己不想成為食物。)”可推知，收骨蟲蛾幼蟲選擇在蜘蛛網上生活是因為蜘蛛網為它們提供了容易獲取的食物來源。故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“However,spidersaren’ttheonlythreatstocaterpillars.Overtime,invasive(入侵的)specieshavebeentakingoverHawaii’snaturalforests.(然而，蜘蛛并不是對幼蟲的唯一威脅。隨著時間的推移，入侵物種已經占領了夏威夷的天然森林。)”以及“Luckily,bonecollectorcaterpillarsseemtobeabletomanage,eveninthewebsofspidersthatdon’toriginallycomefromHawaii.(幸運的是，收骨蟲蛾幼蟲似乎能夠適應，即使是在原本不屬于夏威夷的蜘蛛的網中。)”可推知，收骨蟲蛾幼蟲已經適應了它們原生棲息地以外的蜘蛛網。故選C項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結合第一段中的“ScientistsinHawaiihavediscoveredanewspeciesofmoth(蛾),anditscaterpillar,theearlystageinthedevelopmentofmoths,hasanunusuallifestyle.Itlivesinspiders’webs,eatinginsectsitfindsthere.(夏威夷的科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的蛾類，它的幼蟲，即蛾類發(fā)育的早期階段，有著不尋常的生活方式。它生活在蜘蛛網上，吃在那里找到的昆蟲。)”以及文章主要圍繞這種生活在蜘蛛網上的罕見收骨蟲蛾幼蟲進行介紹可知，D選項“RareBoneCollectorCaterpillarsLivinginSpiderWebs(生活在蜘蛛網上的罕見收骨蟲蛾幼蟲)”最符合文章主旨。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Asthesayinggoes,“Nothingiscertainexceptdeathandtaxes”____16____Astheonlyconstantinlife,changeshapeshumanexperiencesinprofoundways,demandingbothadaptabilityandresilience(韌性).“Themoreweresistchange,themorewesuffer.There’saphraseIlike.Itsays,‘Letgoorbedragged,’”saidRobertWaldinger,directoroftheHarvardStudyonAdultDevelopment,oneofthelongest-runningstudiesonhumanhappinessandwell-being.____17____Ashumans,weareconstantlychanging.Sometimeschangeispursuedintentionally,whenwesetgoals,forexample.____18____RichardWeissbourd,alecturerattheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducation,notedthatdisappointment—apainfulgapbetweenexpectationsandreality—isfrequentlyoverlookedasastimulantforchange.Whentheconceptsweidealizefallapart,weareleftwithadecision:eitherwebecomebitter,orwedevelopadeepcomprehensionofrealitythatboostsourabilitytobounceback.MahzarinBanaji,anexperimentalpsychologistwhohasresearchedbeliefs,statedthatevenourprejudices,shapedbynewcircumstancesovertime,canchange.Herresearchshowsthatexposuretodiverseperspectivescanshiftlong-heldviews.____19____Ithighlightsthepowertoreinventourselves.____20____Byfacingchallengesdirectly,turningfailuresintolessons,andbeingkindtoourselves,wecanshiftfromjustadjustingtosurvivetochoosingtogrowonpurpose.AsBanaji’sstudiesshow,changeisn’tjustunavoidable-it’sfullofchances,butonlyifwedecidetoactonthem.A.Thischallengesthebeliefthatidentitiesarefixed.B.Ultimately,handlingchangedependsontakingcontrol.C.However,there’sanothersurethingtoaddtothatlist:change.D.Butchangealsohappenswithoutusknowingit,andnotalwaysforthebetter.E.Weusuallycausechangeonpurposebysettinggoalsandpursuingourdreams.F.Hisresearchdemonstratesthatencounteringvariousviewpointsiscommoninourlife.G.Hisstudyhighlightshowacceptingchangecaneasestressandencouragepersonaldevelopment.【答案】16.C17.G18.D19.A20.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章通過哈佛大學多位學者的研究，探討了“變化是生活不變的主題”這一核心觀點，分析了抗拒變化帶來的痛苦與主動接納變化對個人發(fā)展的積極意義?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Nothingiscertainexceptdeathandtaxes(除了死亡和稅收，沒有什么是確定的。)”提到死亡和稅收是確定的。以及后文說“changeshapeshumanexperiencesinprofoundways(變化以深刻的方式塑造著人類的經歷。)”提到變化。C選項“However,there’sanothersurethingtoaddtothatlist:change.(然而，還有另一件確定的事情可以添加到那個列表中：變化。)”起到了承上啟下的作用，引出了關于變化的話題。故選C項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前面引用了RobertWaldinger說的話“Letgoorbedragged(要么放手，要么被拖著走)”G選項“Hisstudyhighlightshowacceptingchangecaneasestressandencouragepersonaldevelopment.(他的研究強調了接受變化如何能夠緩解壓力并促進個人發(fā)展。)”中的“Hisstudy”指代RobertWaldinger的研究，進一步闡述了接受變化的好處。故選G項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Sometimeschangeispursuedintentionally,whenwesetgoals,forexample.(有時變化是有意追求的，例如當我們設定目標時。)”提到變化是有意追求的。D選項“Butchangealsohappenswithoutusknowingit,andnotalwaysforthebetter.(但變化也會在我們不知情的情況下發(fā)生，而且并不總是向好的方向發(fā)展。)”與前文形成對比，說明了變化的另一種情況。故選D項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前面“Herresearchshowsthatexposuretodiverseperspectivescanshiftlong-heldviews.(她的研究表明，接觸不同的觀點可以改變長期持有的觀點。)”提到研究結果：接觸不同的觀點可以改變自己長期堅持的觀點，做出改變。A選項“Thischallengesthebeliefthatidentitiesarefixed.”（這挑戰(zhàn)了身份是固定的這一信念）中的“this”指代前面提到的研究結果，進一步說明了研究結果的影響，接受不用的觀點挑戰(zhàn)固有的身份。故選A項。【20題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Byfacingchallengesdirectly,turningfailuresintolessons,andbeingkindtoourselves,wecanshiftfromjustadjustingtosurvivetochoosingtogrowonpurpose.(通過直接面對挑戰(zhàn)，把失敗轉化為教訓，善待自己，我們可以從僅僅為了生存而調整轉變?yōu)橛心康牡剡x擇成長。)”討論了直面挑戰(zhàn)，把失敗轉化為教訓，從而有目的的成長。B選項“Ultimately,handlingchangedependsontakingcontrol.”（最終，應對變化取決于掌控局面）總領后文，說明應對變化需要主動掌控。故選B項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Asahighschoolcounselor,Iknowfirsthandhowunkindkidscanbetoeachother.Buttoday,Isawsomethingthatshowedmejusthow____21____theyreallyare.Itwas“CollegeDay”atourschool.Studentsdressedthemselvesinclothingthat____22____theirfavoriteinstitutionsandprofessions,withourschool____23____theimportanceofpursuingfurthereducationafterhighschool.Atlunch,aquestion-and-answergamewas____24____.Byansweringquestionsaboutscholarshipsandpost-secondaryoptions,theparticipantshadachanceto____25____prizes.Accordingtotherule,sixstudentstookthestageatatimetoplay.Duringone____26____,twoofthestudentswhoparticipatedwerefromourspecial-educationclass.Althoughphysicallydisabled,thesestudentsare____27____—flexible,determined,andfullofheart.Asthegamebegan,Ipreparedmyselftoste