閱讀判斷AcrosstheDeserts

TheSaharaDesertisthelargestdesertintheworld.ItstretchesacrossAfricafrom

SenegaltoEgypt.TheSaharaDesertisanunfriendlyenvironment.Duringthedayit'svery

hot,andatnightitJssometimesverycold.ItisalsodifficulttofindwaterintheSahara.

In2006,KevinLin,RayZahab,andCharlieEngledecidedtodosomethingvery

difficult.TheymadethedecisiontorunacrosstheSaharaDesert4,300miles(6,920km).It

seemedimpossibletodo,buttheywantedtotry.Thethreemenlikedtotestthemselves,and

thiswouldbeaverybigtest.

OnthemorningofNovember2,Kevin,Ray,andCharliestartedtheirtripacrossthe

Sahara.Everymorningtheybeganrunningat5:00.All1a.m.theystoppedandresteduntil5

p.m.Thentheyranagainuntil9:30intheevening.Eachdaytheyranabout40miles(64

km).Everydayitwasthesamething.Theygotupandran.Theylistenedtomusicontheir

iPods,andtheyranandran.

Kevin,Ray,andCharlieneededtoeatalotoffoodduringtheirtrip.Mostpeopleneed

about2,000caloriesoffoodeachday.Kevin,Ray,andCharlieneededbetween6,000and

9,000calorieseveryday.That'salotoffood!Theyalsoneededtodrinkalotofwater.

Thethreemenhadsomeproblemsontheirtrip,andmanytimestheywantedtoquit

andgohome.Itwasoftenveryhot(140°F/60°C)duringtheday,andtheheatmadethem

sick.Theirlegsandfeethurt.Sometimesitwasverywindy,andtheycouldn'tsee.Onetime

theygotlost.Buttheydidn'tquit.After111days,Kevin,Ray;andCharliesuccessfully

finishedtheirtripacrosstheSaharaDesert.Theyhuggedeachotherandputtheirhandsin

thewateroftheRedSea.Thentheyrantoahoteltotakealongshower.

1.It'snotalwayshotmtheSaharaDesert.A.Right

2.Eachdaythemenranforapproximatelyeighthours.B.Wrong

3.Inthemiddleoftheday:themenusuallystoppedrunning.A.Right

4.Theysometimesfeltsickbecauseitwassohot.A.Right

5.Sometimestheycouldn'tseetheroadbecauseitwaswindy.A.Right

6.Luckily,theynevergotlost.B.Wrong

7.Ontheirtripacrossthedesert:thethreemenranthroughfivecountries.C.

mentioned

閱讀判斷ADog'sDilemma

Findingababysittervvhileyougoouttoworkis,forexample,aninconvenience(.Forthe

Africanwilddog,oneoftheconlinent'smostendangeredcarnivores,it'samatteroflifeand

death.Newresearchshowsthatoncepacksfallbelowacertainsize,theyarenotenough

animalstobothhuntfoodandstayathomeprotectingtheyoung.

TheAfricanwilddoghasdeclincddrasticallyoverthepastcentury.Habitualloss,

persecutionandunexplainedoutbreaksofdiseasehaveallbeenblamedOnly3000to5()(X)

animalsremain,andthespeciesisexpectedtogoextinctwithindecadesifthetrendcontinues.

Otherlargecarnivoressuchasthespottedhyenafacesimilarpressures,yetarenotdeclining.

NowFranckCourchampofCambridgeUniversityhasfoundareasonwhy.Thedog's

weaknessliesinitssocialorganization.Withineachpackofupto20adultsandpups,onlythe

dominantmaleandfemalebreed.Theremaininganimalshelpraisethepups,cooperatinglo

huntpreyanddefendthekillfromothercarnivores

Becausepupscan'tkeepuponahunt,largepacksleaveanadultbehindtoprotect

themfrompredators,whichincludelionsandhyenas.Butleavingababysitteralsocarries

costs.Asmallerhuntingpartyislessabletotacklelargepreyandtodefendthekill.Thereis

alsoonelessstomachinwhichtocarryfoodbacktothedenandonemoremouthtofeed

whentheygetthere.

Courchampinvestigatedthisawkwardtrade-offbymodelinghowthecostsofababysitter

changewithdecreasingpacksize.Thisshowedthatpacksofmorethanfiveadultsshouldbe

abletofeedallthepupsandstillspareababysitter.Butwithsmallerpacks,eitherthe

huntingorthebabysittingsuffers,ortheanimalshavetocompensatebyincreasingthe

numberofhuntingexcursions-whichitselfcarriesacosttothepack.

FieldobservationsinZimbabwesupportedthemodel.Packsoffiveanimalsorfewerleft

pupsunguardedmorefrequentlythanlargerpacksdid.Therewasalsoevidencethatwhen

theydidleaveababysitter,theywereforcedtohuntmoreoften.

Apackwhichdropsbelowacriticalsizebecomescaughtinaviciouscircle,says

Courchamp.whoisnowatParis-SudUniversity."Poorreproductionandlowsurvival

furtherrcduces(packsize,culminatinginfailureofthewholepack."Anddeathscausedby

humanactivity,saysCourchamp,maybewhatreducespacknumberstobelowthe

sustainablethreshold.MammalecologistChrisCarboneatLondon'sInstituteofZoology

agreesMaintaining)theintegrityofwilddogpackswillbevitalinpreservingthespecies,

hesays.

1.TheAfricanWilddoghasbeenendangered.A.Right

2.Thespottedhyenaisonthevergeofextinction.B.wrong

3.Theremaininglionswilldieoutwithindecades.C,Notmentioned

4.Thedominantfemaleisalwaysleftbehindtoprotecttheyoung.B.wrong

5.Thereisatensionbetweenbabysittingandhunting.A.Right

6.Thesizeofapackmustbebigenoughforittosurvive.A.Right

7.StepswillbetakentoprotecttheAfricanwilddog.C.Notmentioned

閱讀理解AmericanGetTouchy

TheNewYorkTimesrecentlyreportedthatAmericanteensarehuggingpractically

everyonetheysee.Saygoodbyetothegreetingsofthepast,fromthehands-off“What's

up!”tothehandshakeorhigh-five.Foryoungpeopleacrossthecountry,huggingisthenew

“Hello”.

Girlsarehugginggirls.Boysarehuggingboys,Girlsandboysarehuggingeachother.And,

likeeverymajortrend,therearelotsofvariationsontheform.There'stheclassic,full-body,

arms-around-thc-personbearhug,thecasualone-annedsidehug,thegrouphugandthehug

frombehind,There'sthehandshakethatturnsintoahugthatturnsintoapatontheback.

Astrendsgo,thisoneseemsprettyinnocent.Butsomeparents,teachersandschool

administratorsandworriednonetheless.Willyoungpeoplewhoaren'tascomfortablewith

physicalcontactfeelpeerpressuredintohugging?Willkidswhodon'treceivehugsfeelleft

out?Couldanextra-longhugslideintothemoreominousterritoryofsexualharassment?

Inresponsetosomeoftheseconcerns,someschoolshavesetupnewrulestolimitor

eliminatehugging.Oneschoolheadhascreatedathree-secondlimitationforhugsather

school.Afewschoolshavetakenevenmoredrasticmeasures,placingabanonallformsof

touchingbetweenstudents.

Afewimportantpointsarebeingleftoutofthediscussion.WhiletheUShastraditionally

beenreservedabouttouching-savinghugsandkissesforrelatives,romanticpartnersand

veryclosefriends-peopleinmanyotherpartsoftheworldhavebeengreetingeachotherthis

wayforages.

InLatinAmericanorWesternEurope,incountrieslikeSpain,France,andItaly,akisson

thecheekiscommonamongwomen,aswellawamongwomenandmenwhoarenot

romanticallyinvolves.Thecheek-kissvariesbyregion.Sometimesitisjustanairkiss

blownpasttheface.Inotherplaces,theproperwayofgreetingistodeliverakissuponboth

cheeks,orsometimesevenatripletofkissesperformedbykissingonecheek,thentheother,

thenbacktothefirst.

LatinAmericanmenaremorelikelytoshakehandswhengreetingothermen,butinsome

countrieslikeTurkey,it'snotunusualfbrmenwhoknoweachotherwelltoexchangekisses

onthecheek,Meanwhile,fbrtheMaoripeopleofNewZealand,atraditionalgreetingcalled

the“hongi”involvespressingnosestogether.

So,fromaglobalperspective,thenewtrendofteenhugginginAmericanisnotso"new"

afterall.Peopleallaroundtheworldmoveinclosetosayhello,andAmericansarejustnow

joiningin.

1.Theword“practically”inthefirstparagraphcouldbebestreplacesby.B.

nearly

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthetypicalwaysofgreetinginthepast?D.

embrace

3.Someparents,teachers(…)EXCEPT:D.Diseasescouldbetransmitted(...)contact.

4.Whichofthe(...)accordingtothepassage?D.Insomecountries,(...)onthecheek.

5.Wccaninferthattheauthorholdsaattitude(...)ofhugging.A.positive

完形填空APowerfulInfluence

TherecanbenodoubtatallthattheInternethasmadeahugedifferencetoourlives.Parents

areworriedthatchildrenspendtoomuchtimeplayingontheInternet,hardly(I)

doinganythingelseintheirsparetime.Naturally,parentsare(2)tofindoutwhy

theInternetissoattractive,andtheywanttoknowifitcanbe(3)totheirchildren.

Shouldparentsworryiftheirchildrenarespendingthatmuchtime(4)their

computers?

Obviously;ifchildrenarebentovertheircomputersforhours.(5)insomegame,

insteadofdoingtheirhomework,thensomethingiswrong.Parentsandchildrencould

decidehowmuchusethechildshould(6)oftheInternet,andthechildshouldgive

hisorher(7)thatitwon'tinterferewithhomework.Ifthechildisnot(8)

tothisarrangement,theparentcantakemoredrastic(9)dealingwitha

child'suseoftheInternetisnotmuchdifferentfrom(10)anyothersoftofbargain

aboutbehaviour.

Anyparentwhois(11)alarmedaboutachild'sbehaviourshouldmakean

appointmentto(12)thematterwithateacher.Spendingtimeinfrontofthescreen

doesnot(13)affectachild'sperformanceatschool.Evenifachildis(14)

crazyaboutusingtheInternet,heorsheisprobablyjust(15)throughaphase,andin

afewmonthstherewillbesomethingelsetoworryabout!

1.A)alwaysB)rarelyC)neverD)ever

2.A)worriedB)concernedC)curiousD)hopeful

3.A)harmingB)harmfulC)hurtingD)hurtful

4.A)staringatB)glancingatC)lookingD)watching

5.A)supposedB)occupiedC)interestedD)absorbed

6.A)doB)haveC)makeD)create

7.A)wordB)promiseC)vowD)claim

8.A)holdingB)stickingC)followingD)accepting

9.A)rulesB)proceduresC)regulationD)steps

10.A)dealingB)negotiatingC)havingD)arranging

11.A)widelyB)heavilyC)seriouslyD)broadly

12.A)speakB)discussC)talkD)debate

13.A)possiblyB)necessarilyC)probablyD)consequently

14.A)absolutelyB)moreC)quiteD)alot

15.A)goingB)passingC)travellingD)walking

答案：DCBADCAADBCBBAA

閱讀理解CanBuildingsBeDesignedtoResistTerroristAttack?

IntheaftennathoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenter,structuralengineersarc

tryinghardtosolveaquestionthatamonthagowouldhavebeencompletelyunthinkable:

Canbuildingbedesignedtowithstandcatastrophicblastsinflictedbyterrorists?

Tendaysaftertheterroristattacksonthetwintowers,structuralengineersfromthe

UniversityatBuffaloandtheMultidisciplinaryCenterforEarthquakeEngineeringResearch

(MCEER.headquarteredatUBtraveledtogroundzeroaspartofaprojectfundedbythe

NationalScienceFoundation.VisitingthesiteaspartofanMCEERreconnaissancevisit,

theyspenttwodaysbeginningthetaskofformulatingideasabouthowtodesignsuch

structuresandtosearchforcluesonhowtodosoinbuildingsthatweredamaged,butstill

arestanding.

“Ourobjectiveinvisitinggroundzerowastogoandlookatthebuildingssurroundingthe

WorldTradeCenter,thosebuildingsthatarestillstanding,butthatsustaineddamage,“said

M.Bruneau,Ph.D."Ourimmediatehopeisthatwecandevelopabetterunderstandingasto

whythosebuildingsremainstanding,whileourlong-termgoalistoseewhetherearthquake

engineeringtechnologiescanbemarriedtoexistingtechnologiestoachieveenhanced

performanceofbuildingsintheeventofterroristattacks,headded.

Photographstakenbytheinvestigatorsdemonstrateinstartlingdetailthemonumental

damageinflictedontheWorldTradeCentertowersandbuildingsinthevicinity.One

buildingablockawayfromthetowersremainsstanding,butwasbadlydamaged.t4This

buildingismanymetersawayfromtheWorldTradeCenterandyetweseeacolumnthere

thatusedtobepartofthatbuilding,“explainedA.Whittaker,Ph.D.'Thecolumnbecamea

missilethatshotacrosstheroad,throughthewindowandthroughthefloor.”

Thevisittotheareaalsorevealedsomesurprises,accordingtotheengineers.Forexample,

thefloorframingsysteminoneoftheadjacentbuildingswasquiterugged,allowingfloors

thatwerepiercedbytonsoffallingdebristoremainintact."Highlyredundantductile

framingsystemsmayprovideasimple,butrobuststrategyforblastresistance,nheadded.

Otherstrategiesmayincludeprovidingalternatepathsforgravityloadsintheeventthata

load-bearingcolumnfails."Wealsoneedabetterunderstandingofthemechanismof

collapse/*saidA.Whittaker.44Weneedtofindoutwhatcausesabuildingtocollapseand

howyoucanpredictit.”

A.Reinhorn,Ph.D.notedthat“Earthquakeshakinghasledtothecollapseofmany

buildingsinthepast.Itinducesdynamicresponseandextremelyhighstressesand

deformationsinstructuralcomponents.Solutionsdevelopedfbrearthquake-resistantdesign

maybedirectlyapplicabletoblastengineeringandterrorist-resistantdesign.Partofour

missionnowatUBistotransferthesesolutionsandtodevelopnewoneswherenoneexist

atpresent.

1.ThequestionraisedinthefirstparagraphisoneC.thatwasneverdifficult(...)attack.

2.TheprojectfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundationD.wasto(...)survivetheblasts.

3.ThecolumnmentionedbyDr.Whittaker.A.waspartofthebuilding(...)TradeCenter.

4.Asurprisingdiscoverymadeby(...)zeroisthatB.somefloor(...0resistanceto

explosion.

5.WhatDr.Rcinhornsaidin(..)EXCEPTthatD.blastengineering(…)branchofscience.

閱讀理解DefendingtheTheoryofEvolutionStillSeemsNeeded

JudithS.Weis,abiologyprofessorwhoservesaspresidentoftheAmericanInstituteof

BiologicalSciences(AIBS.isleadinganationwideeffortto“defend”thetheoryof

evolution.Weisleadstheeffortinthefaceofwhattheinstituteviewsasoppositionand

indifferencefromschoolboardsandgovernmententities.

TheInstitutebelievesthattheteachingofevolutioninAmericaisbeingdiminishedbythe

teachingofcreationismaswellasbyanoveralllackofteachingDarwin'stheoryinhigh

school."There'snothingthatrequiresschoolstoteachevolution.Sometimesteachersin

highschoolsjustleaveitout.Howeverfromthepointofviewofbiologists,evolutionisthe

centraltheoryofbiologyuponwhicheverythingisbased,MsaidWeis."Unfortunately,

teachingevolutionhasbecomeapoliticalissueinmanypartsofthecountryandAIBS,asa

representativeofbiologists,wantedtobeamajorforcespeakingoutinfavorofits

teaching.^^

WeissaidtheinstituteisworkingtogetherwiththeAmericanGeologicalInstituteandthe

NationalAssociationofBiologyTeachersandits80-plusmemberorganizationstoaddress

thepoliticalandlegislativethreatstoteachingevolution.Instateschallengingitsteaching,

theinstituterespondsbysendingletterstoschoolboardsandstatelegislatures,byproviding

testimonyatpublicmeetingsandbynotifyingmembersandaffiliatedorganizations.AIBS,

withmorethan80membersocietiesand250,000members,hasestablishedanemailsystem

enablingscientistsandteachersineachstate,andmembersocieties,tokeepeachother

informedaboutthreatstotheteachingofevolution.

Darwin'stheoryofevolutionholdsthatlivingthingschangeandadapttotheirenvironment

andthatpresent-dayspecies(includinghumanbeings,aredescendedfromearlierspecies

throughmodificationbynaturalselection.Thetheoryhasbeenacceptedbyscientistsfbr

nearly100years,Weissaid,andhasbeenrefined,extendedandstrengthenedovertheyears

byfindingsinpaleontologyanddevelopmentalbiology.Discoveriesingenetics,molecular

biologyandgenomics—allofwhichprovidesignificantbenefitsfbrhumanhealth—would

notbepossiblewithouttheunderlyingknowledgeofevolution.And,Weisadds,“modern

molecularbiologyandgenomicshaveincreasedourunderstandingofhowevolution

works."Nonetheless,evolutionremainsapolitically,ifnotscientifically,controversialissue.

Weissaidthatthisyearalone,sevenstateshavehadeitherlocalorstatewideeffortstowaler

downtheteachingofevolution,or“balance“itwiththeteachingofcreationism—areligious

beliefthatdifferentspecieswerecreatedseparatelybyahigherpower,suchasGod.

“Rarelydoesanyonenowusetheword'creationism/becausethat'stooobvious,MWeissaid.

“Thecurrentterminologyis"intelligentdesign.'".

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,(...)istrue?B.Schoolboards(..)heoryofevolution.

2.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOT(...)theory?D.Darwin'stheoryis(...)ofbiology.

3.AIBS'siscomposedofA.morethan80societiesand250,000members.

4.AccordingtoWeis(...)theoryofevolutionA.isfundamental(...)andgenomics.

5.Whydopeoplereplacethe(..Jdesignnowadays?D.becausetheterm(...)toodirect.

閱讀理解EattoLive

Ameagerdietmaygiveyouhealthandlonglife,butit'snotmuchfun—anditmightnot

evenbenecessary.Wemaybeabletohangontomostofthatyouthfulvigorevenifwe

don'tstarttodietuntiloldage.

StephenSpindlerandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatRiversidehave

foundthatsomeofanelderlymouse'slivergenescanbemadetobehaveastheydidwhen

themousewasyoungsimplybylimitingitsfoodforfourweeks.Thegeneticrejuvenation

won'treverseotherdamagecausedbytimeforthemouse,butcouldhelpitsliver

metabolizedrugsorgetridoftoxins.

Spindler'steamfedthreemiceanormaldietfbrtheirwholelives,andfedanotherthreeon

half-rations3.Threemoremicewereswitchedfromthenormaldiettohalf-feed3fbra

monthwhentheywere34monthsold—equivalenttoabout70humanyears.

Theresearcherscheckedtheactivityof11,000genesfromthemouselivers,andfoundthat

46changedwithageinthenormallyfedmice.Thechangeswereassociatedwiththingslike

inflammationandfreeradicalproduction一probablybadnewsfbrmousehealth.Inthe

micethathaddietedalltheirlives,27ofthose46genescontinuedtobehavelikeyoung

genes.Butthemostsurprisingfindingwasthatthemicethatonlystarteddietinginoldage

alsobenefitedfrom70percentofthesegenechanges.

"Thisisthefirstindicationthattheseeffectskickinprettyquickly,“saysHuberWarnerfrom

theNationalInstituteonAgingnearWashingtonD.C.

Nooneyetknowsifcalorierestrictionworksinpeopleasitdoesinmice,butSpindleris

hopeful."There'sattractingandtemptingevidenceouttherethatitwillwork,“hesays.

Ifitdoesworkinpeople,theremightbegoodreasonsforrejuvenatingtheliver.Asweget

older,ourbodiesarelessefficientatmetabolizingdrugs,forexample.Abriefperiodoftime

ofdieting,saysSpindler,couldbeenoughtomakesureadrugiseffective.

ButSpindlerisn'tsurethetrade-offisworthit."Themicegetlessdisease,theylivelonger,

butthey'rehungry,nhesays."Evenseeingwhatadietdoes,it'sstillhardtogotoa

restaurantandsay:'Icanonlyeathalfofthat,.M

Spindlerhopeswesoonwon'tneedtodietatall.Hiscompany,LifespanGeneticsin

California,islookingfordrugsthathavetheeffectsofcaloricrestriction.

1.Accordingto(..)isNOTtrue?DWchavetobegindietingsincechildhood.

2.Whydoestheauthor(...)paragraph2?BToillustratetheeffectofmeagerfoodon

mice.

3.Whatcanbe(..^mentionedinthepassage?DTheyare(...)frominflammation.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,(...)researchers?AThemicethatstarteddietinginoldage.

5.Accordingtothelast(...)thatCdietingisnota(...)andlonglife.

補(bǔ)全短文EinsteinNamed"PersonoftheCentury^^

AlbertEinstein,whosetheoriesonspacetimeandmatterhelpedunravelthesecretsof

theatomandoftheuniverse,waschosenasaPersonoftheCentury”byTimemagazineon

Sunday.

Amanwhoseverynameissynonymouswithscientificgenius,Einsteinhascometo

representmorethananyotherpersonthefloweringof20thcenturyscientificthoughthatset

thestagefbrtheageoftechnology.

“Theworldhaschangedfarmoreinthepast100yearsthaninanyothercenturyin

history.Thereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomic,buttechnological一technologiesthatflowed

directlyfromadvancesinbasicscience,wwrotetheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkingina

TimeessayexplainingEinstein'ssignificance.(1).

Timechoseasrunner-upPresidentFranklinRoosevelt1torepresentthetriumphof

freedomanddemocracyoverfascism,andMahatmaGandhi2asaniconfbracenturywhen

civilandhumanrightsbecamecrucialfactorsinglobalpolitics.

uWhatwesawwasFranklinRooseveltembodyingthegreatthemeoffreedom'sfight

againsttotalitarianism,Gandhipersonifyingthegreatthemeofindividualsstrugglingfbr

theirrights,andEinsteinbeingbothagreatgeniusandagreatsymbolofascientific

revolutionthatbroughtwithitamazingtechnologicaladvancesthathelpedexpandthe

growthoffreedom,MsaidTimeMagazineEditorWalterIsaacson.

EinsteinwasbominUlm,Germanyin1879.(2).Hewasslowtolearnto

speakanddidnotdowellinelementaryschool.Hecouldnotstomachorganizedlearning

andloathedtakingexams3.

In1905,however,hewastopublishatheorywhichstandsasoneofthemostintricate

examplesofhumanimaginationinhistory.(3).Everythingelse一mass,weight,

space,eventimeitself-isavariable.Andheofferedtheworldhisnow-famousequation:

energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquared—E=mc2.

_(4)_____.aTherewaslessfaithinabsolutes,notonlyoftimeandspacebut

alsooftruthandmorality.”

Einstein'sfamousequationwasalsotheseedthatledtothedevelopmentofatomic

energyandweapons.In1939,sixyearsafterhefledEuropeanfascismandsettledat

PrincetonUniversity,Einstein,anavowedpacifist4,signedalettertoPresidentRoosevelt

urgingtheUnitedStatestodevelopanatomicbombbeforeNaziGermanydid.(5)

.Einsteindidnotworkontheproject.

EinsteindiedinPrinceton,NewJerseyin1955.

練習(xí)：A.Indirectly,relativitypavedthe(...)explainingTime'schoices.

B.Howhethoughtofthe(...)thegeneralpublic'sviewaboutAlbertEinstein.

C.”Clearly,noscientistbetterrepresentsthoseadvancesthanAlbertEinstein.”

D.Rooseveltheededthe(...)secretlydevelopedthefirstatomicweapon.

E.Inhisearlyyears,Einsteindidnotshowthepromiseofwhathewastobecome.

F.Inhis“SpecialTheoryofRelativity,"Einsteindescribed(..)speedoflight.

答案：CEFAD

完形填空FamilyHistory

Inanagewhentechnologyisdevelopingfasterthaneverbefore,manypeoplearebeing(1)

totheideaoflookingbackintothepast.Onewaytheycandothisisbylinvestigatingtheir

ownfamilyhistory.Theycantryto(2)—outmoreaboutwheretheirfamiliescamefrom

andwhattheydid.Thisisnowafast—growinghobby,especiallyincountrieswitha(3)

_shorthistory,likeAustraliaandtheUnitedStates.

Itis(4)_thingtospendsometime(5)_throughabookonfamilyhistoryandtotakethe

(6)—toinvestigateyourownfamily'spast.Itis(7)—anothertocarryouttheresearch

worksuccessfully.Itiseasytosetaboutitinadisorganizedwayand(8)—yourselfmany

problemswhichcouldhavebeen(9)_withalittleforwardplanning.

Ifyourownfamilystoriestellyouthatyouare(10)_withafamouscharacter,whetherhero

orcriminal,donotletthisideatakeoveryourresearch.Just(11)—itasan

interestingpossibility.Asimplesystem(12)—collectingandstoringyourinformation

will

beadequatetostartwith;amorecomplexonemayonlygetinyour(13)_.Themost

importantthing,though,isto(14)_started.Whoknowswhatyou(15)_find?

1.pushedB)attractedC)fetchedD)，brought

2.layB)makeC)putD)find

3.fairlyB)greatlyC)mostlyD)widely

4.aB)oneC)noD)some

5.seeingB)movingC)goingD)even

6.ideaB)planC)purposeD)decision

7.quiteB)justC)moreD)living

8.produceB)causeC)buildD)create

9.missedB)lostC)avoidedD)escaped

10.A)connectedB)joinedC)attachedD)related

11.A)treatB)controlC)contactD)direct

12.A)withB)byC)forD)through

13.A)trackB)pathC)roadD)way

14.A)getB)appearC)beD)feel

15.A)shouldB)mightC)oughtD)must

答案：BDABCDABCAACDAB

閱讀理解FindingEnlightenmentinScotland

Inthe1740s,thefamousFrenchphilosophyVoltairesaid"WelooktoScotlandforallour

ideasofcivilization.'1That'snotabadadvertisementforanycountry,especiallywhenit

comestoattractingpeopleinsearchofafirstclasseducation.

Yetsomepeoplegoevenfurtherthanthat.AccordingtotheAmericanauthorArthurHerman,

theScotsinventedthemodemworlditself.HearguesthatScottishthinkersandintellectuals

workedoutmanyofthemostimportantideasonwhichmodemlifedepends-everything

fromthescientificmethodtomarketeconomics.Theirideasdidnotjustspreadamongst

intellectuals,buttothosepeopleinbusiness,governmentandthescienceswhoactually

shapedtheWesternworld.

ItallstartedduringtheperiodthathistorianscalltheScottishEnlightenment,whichis

usuallyseenastakingplacebetweentheyears1740and1800,Atthistime,Scotlandwas

hometoanumberofthinkerswhomadeanimportantshiftinthecourseofWestern

philosophy.Beforethat,philosophywasmainlyconcernedwithreligion.Forthethinkersof

theScottishEnlightenment,theproperstudyofhumanitywasmankinditself.

Theirreasoningwaspractical.ForthephilosopherDavidHume,humanitywastheright

subjectforphilosophybecausewecanexaminehumanbehavi