Compulsory2Unit4ExploringliteratureⅠ.話題單詞話題詞匯representv.代表

releasev.發(fā)行，發(fā)布

publishv.出版，發(fā)行appreciatev.賞識

reflectv.表達(dá)，表明

evaluatev.估計，評價meaningfuladj.有意義的

instructiveadj.有教育意義的

themen.主題tragedyn.悲劇

editionn.版本

journaln.期刊backgroundn.背景

reputationn.名聲，名譽

authorn.作者，作家essayn.文章

worksn.著作，作品

masterpiecen.代表作fictionn.小說

legendn.傳奇故事

thrillern.驚險小說adaptationn.改編本

commentn.&v.評論

remarkn.&v.談?wù)?，評論Ⅱ.話題詞塊bekeenon喜愛

comeout(書)出版besetin以……為背景

abandononeselfto沉迷于conveyinformation傳達(dá)信息

makecommentson…對……評論suitone'staste符合某人的口味

expressfeelings/emotions表達(dá)感情beadaptedfrom改編于

onexhibition/display/show在展覽shapeone'scharacter塑造某人的性格

historicalstory歷史故事worksappreciation作品欣賞

ancientChinesepoetry中國古代詩歌classicalChineseliterature中國古典文學(xué)thefourChineseliteratureclassics中國四大名著contemporary/folkliterature當(dāng)代文學(xué)/民間文學(xué)passdownfromgenerationtogeneration代代相傳Ⅲ.話題句式1.Notonlydosomeclassicworksofferusjoyandexcitement,butalso

theyencourageustothinkcritically.一些經(jīng)典作品不僅給我們帶來喜悅和興奮，而且還鼓勵我們批判性地思考。2.Iholdtheviewthat

ifwestudentswanttoknowasmanygreatworksofliteratureaswecan,wehadbetterreadtheoriginalwork.我認(rèn)為我們學(xué)生如果想盡可能多地了解偉大的文學(xué)作品，最好還是讀原著。3.ThepublicationofGreat

Expectations,which

wasbothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens'statusasaleadingnovelist.《遠(yuǎn)大前程》這部小說的出版得到廣泛評論和高度贊揚，它鞏固了狄更斯作為一流小說家的地位。4.Ourschoolwillholdanactivitywhosetheme

is“ForeignersTellChineseStories”

nextweek.下周，我們學(xué)校將舉辦一個主題為“外國人講中國故事”的活動。Ⅳ.語法填空Literatureistheexpressionoflifeinformsoftruthandbeauty,the1._______(write)recordofman'sthoughtsandfeelings,andthehistoryofthehumansoul.Uptonow,we2.____________(reach)apointwherewewishtoenjoyandunderstandliterature.Asweallknow,literaturehasatleastthreesignificant3._________(quality).Thefirstqualityofliteratureis4.________(it)descriptionoftruthandbeauty.Sometruthandbeautyremainunnoticeduntila5.__________(sense)humansoulbringsthemtoourattention.Thesecondqualityisitsappealtoourfeelingsandimagination6.__________(lie)moreinwhatitawakensthanwhatitsays.Thethirdqualityisitspermanence.7.__________(achieve)this,literatureshouldcontaintwoelements:universalinterestandpersonalstyle.8.__________summary,goodliteratureappealsto9.__________mostbasicofhumannature—loveandhate,joyandsadness,fearandhope,anditalsotakesonapersonalstyle10._________nowritercandescribehumanlifewithoutreflectinghisownlifeandexperiences.writtenhavereachedqualitiesitssensitivelyingToachieveInthebecause單詞通關(guān)1.appealvi.有吸引力；申訴；呼吁n.吸引力；申訴；呼吁教材原句：Letalittlesongappealtotheear,oragreatbooktotheheart,andwediscoveranewworld,aworldofdreamsandmagic.(P44)讓一首小曲娛悅我們的耳朵，讓一部巨著觸動我們的心靈，這樣我們便會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個全新的世界，一個充滿夢想和魔力的世界。?appealtosb.吸引某人appealtosb.todosth.呼吁/懇求某人做某事appealtosb.forsth.為某事而向某人呼吁/懇求appealagainststh.不服某事而上訴?make/launchanappeal(tosb.todosth.)呼吁/懇求(某人做某事)appealing

adj.有吸引力的；懇求的?

單句語法填空/完成句子①AmongthecollectionsaresomedelicateChinesevases,whichappeal_______visitorsfromallovertheworld.②Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtan_______(appeal)exercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.(2023·全國甲卷)③Wemadeanappealtothevillagers_______moneytobuildthebridge.④我寫信呼吁大家積極參加建設(shè)美麗校園。_______________________________________________totakeanactivepartinbuildingabeautifulcampus.(應(yīng)用文寫作之倡議書)toappealingforIamwritingtoappeal/makeanappealtoeveryone2.determinevt.確定；支配；決心vi.決心教材原句：

Thefirststepistodeterminesomeofitssignificantqualities.(P44)第一步是確定文學(xué)的一些重要特征。determinetodosth.＝determineon(doing)sth.決定做某事determined

adj.決心；堅定的bedeterminedtodosth.決心做某事determination

n.確定；決心withdetermination堅決地；果斷地?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Heprovedthatit'snotwhathappenstousthat____________(determine)ourlives—it'swhatwemakeofwhathappens.②His___________(determine)remainsasstrongaseverdespiteallthesetbackshehasencountered.③Ihavedetermined_________workingasavolunteerteacherinthecountrysideaftergraduation.④我們決定以優(yōu)秀的校友為榜樣，使自己成為對社會有用的人。__________________________________________________________________andtomakeourselvesusefultothesociety.(應(yīng)用文寫作之演講稿)determinesdeterminationonWedetermine/aredeterminedtofollowtheexamplesofourexcellentschoolmates3.significantadj.有重要意義的，顯著的itissignificantthat…很明顯……significance

n.意義，重要性；含義beofsignificanceto/for…對……有重要意義(to為介詞)attachsignificanceto…認(rèn)為……重要；重視(to為介詞)significantly

adv.有重大意義地，顯著地?

單句語法填空/改寫句子①Becausethesystemisautomated,it_________(significant)reducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.(2024·全國新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)②Theplanwillextendprotectiontoa__________(significance)numberofareas.(2022·全國新高考Ⅰ卷)③Itissignificant__________girlsgenerallydobetterinexaminationsthanboys.④Thisnewdiscoveryofoilisofmuch_____________(significant)tothisarea'seconomy.⑤Yourhelpwasverysignificanttome;withoutit,Iwouldn'thavebeensuccessful.(應(yīng)用文寫作之感謝信)＝Y(jié)ourhelp__________________________;withoutit,Iwouldn'thavebeensuccessful.significantlysignificantthatsignificancewasofgreatsignificancetome4.sensitiveadj.感覺敏銳的；體貼的；敏感的；靈敏的教材原句：Sometruthandbeautyremainunnoticeduntilasensitivehumansoulbringsthemtoourattention,justastheshellreflectstheunnoticedsounds.(P45)有些真與美一直不為人所察覺，直到一個敏銳的人類靈魂讓它們引起我們的注意，這就正如貝殼把那些被人忽視的聲音呈現(xiàn)出來一樣。besensitivetosth.對……體貼/敏感besensitiveaboutsth.對……過敏；介意……sense

vt.感覺到，意識到，覺察出n.感覺，意識asenseof……之感sensible

adj.明智的，合理的；意識到，認(rèn)識到besensibleof意識到……sensitively

adv.謹(jǐn)慎地；敏感地；易受傷害地?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitive__________alltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.(2022·全國乙卷)②Sheisverysensitive____________herweight.③Hehandledthematter______________(sensitive).④Hedidnotappearto____________(意識到)thedifficultiesthatlayahead.⑤Iusedtheonlineplatformasadiary,somethingtolookbackon,givingme______________________(成就感).(2024·全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)toaboutsensitivelybesensibleofasenseofachievement5.reflectvt.&vi.反映，顯示；映出(影像)；反射(聲、光、熱等)；沉思reflect…in…在……中映出……bereflectedin倒映在；反映在reflecton/upon認(rèn)真思考；沉思reflection

n.反映；映像；反射；沉思o(jì)n/uponreflection經(jīng)過思考，仔細(xì)考慮之后belostinreflection

陷入沉思中?

單句語法填空/改寫句子①AtfirstIthoughtitwasabadidea,but____________reflectionIrealisedshewasright.②Asamusician,it'simportanttogivemaximumattentionandtimetoyourown__________(reflect)ofyourownfeelings.(2023·全國甲卷)③Whenshereflectedonhervolunteerexperience,Tinafeltproudofwhatshemanagedtoachieve.(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)＝________________________________,Tinafeltproudofwhatshemanagedtoachieve.(用動詞-ing形式作狀語)on/uponreflectionsReflectingonhervolunteerexperience6.meanadj.吝嗇的，小氣的；不善良的，刻薄的v.意思是；打算教材原句：Thebook'smaincharacterisScrooge,arichbutmeanoldman.(P49)這本書的主角是斯克魯奇，一個富有但吝嗇的老人。?bemeanwithsth.對某物吝嗇?meandoingsth.意味著做某事meantodosth.打算做某事bemeantfor目的是，作……用bemeanttodosth.注定要做某事，應(yīng)做某事bemeanttobe被普遍認(rèn)為是meaning

n.意義；含義meaningful

adj.有意義的meaningless

adj.無意義的?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Hehasalwaysbeenmean____________hismoney.②Intheevening,whenItakeawalkintheschoolgarden,thesingingofinsectsbecomesmore____________(mean)tome.(2023·全國甲卷)③Formanyofus,moderation(適度)means____________(eat)lessthanwedonow.Butitdoesn'tmean_________(say)goodbyetothefoodsyoulove.(2024·全國甲卷)④Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?I_________________________________(意思是打一個真正的電話)—nottoshelterfromtherain.(2024·全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·浙江)⑤Thisactivity____________________________________________________(旨在喚起我們保護(hù)環(huán)境的意識).withmeaningfuleatingsaying

meantomakeanactualphonecallismeanttoawakeourawarenessofenvironmentalprotection7.attemptvt.&n.努力，嘗試，試圖教材原句：

Aftercominginempty-handedforeighty-fourdays,Santiagoattemptstocatchahugefish.(P53)空手而歸84天后，圣地亞哥試圖捕捉一條大魚。?attempttodosth.試圖做某事?makeanattempttodosth./atdoingsth.試圖做某事inanattempttodosth.試圖做某事atthefirstattempt首次嘗試attempted

adj.企圖的；未遂的?

單句語法填空/一句多譯①Infact,Ihopedtopassmydrivingtest_________thefirstattemptandImadeit.②Beforetheyfledthecountry,theenemyattempted_________(destroy)allthefactories.③Parentsaremaking_________attempttoprotecttheirkidsbygivingwhatevertheyhave.④Itissaidthatthecaseisan_________(attempt)murder.⑤不過，她還是沒有嘗試過飛行。(2023·全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·浙江)＝________________________________________________________________＝________________________________________________________________attodestroyanattemptedStill,shemadenoattempttofly.Still,shedidn'tattempttofly.8.confusedadj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混亂的教材原句：

Nowyouaregettingconfusedinthehead,hethought.(P54)他心里想，現(xiàn)在你正變得頭腦不清醒了。beconfusedabout…對……感到困惑confuse

vt.使糊涂，使迷惑；(將……)混淆，混同confusesth.and/withsth.把……和……混淆itconfusessb.that…＝whatconfusessb.isthat…使某人困惑的是……confusing

adj.難以理解的，不清楚的confusion

n.困窘，尷尬；混淆，混同提示

confused用來形容人的心理、表情或聲音等；confusing常用來形容事或物。?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Becarefulnottoconfuse“quantity”__________“quality”.②AsforBailey,sheismore_________(confuse)aboutwhyheractisconsideredabigdeal.(2023·全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)③Also,peoplearen'twillingtochangetheirviewsaboutfoodandnutrition,asthereissomuch_________(confuse)informationonline.(2022·全國新高考Ⅰ卷)④PeopleofmygenerationwholivedthroughWorldWarⅡhavevividmemoriesof_________(confuse)andincompetence.⑤Therewas__________________(迷惑的表情)onhisfacewhenhemetwith___________________(令人迷惑的問題).and/withconfusedconfusing

confusionaconfusedlookaconfusingproblem詞塊積累1.devoteoneselfto

致力，專心，獻(xiàn)身(to為介詞)教材原句：Mymeaningsimplyis,thatwhateverIhavetriedtodoinlife,Ihavetriedwithallmyhearttodowell;thatwhateverIhavedevotedmyselfto,Ihavedevotedmyselftocompletely;thatingreataimsandinsmall,Ihavealwaysbeenthoroughlyinearnest.(P43)我的意思很簡單，就是無論我在生活中試圖做什么，我都全力以赴地做好它；無論我獻(xiàn)身于什么事業(yè)，我都毫無保留地獻(xiàn)身于它；無論做大事還是小事，我總是一絲不茍，兢兢業(yè)業(yè)。devoteone'stime/energy/attentionto(doing)sth.把某人的時間/精力/注意力用在(做)某事上bedevotedto…致力于……devoted

adj.忠誠的

devotion

n.奉獻(xiàn)；關(guān)愛?

單句語法填空/改寫句子①Hemadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______(help)thosepoorchildren.②Allinall,itishightimethatwedevotedourselves_______protectingoceans.③_______allhislifetoeducatinghis_______students,theteacherwasadmiredforhis_______totheeducationcause.(devote)④Hedevotedhimselftocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.＝________________________________________________________________,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用分詞作狀語)helpingtoDevotingdevoteddevotionDevotedtocommunityactivities或Devotinghimselftocommunityactivities2.drawon憑借，利用教材原句：

Nodoubtdrawingonhisownexperiences,CaoXueqingivesadetaileddescriptionofwhatlifewaslikeatthattime.(P47)毫無疑問，曹雪芹憑借自身經(jīng)歷，詳細(xì)描述了當(dāng)時的生活是什么樣的。drawin(天黑)漸早；使卷入drawout(天黑)漸晚；拖延，拉長drawnear/closer接近，靠近drawone'sattention引起某人的注意drawaconclusion(fromsth.)(從某事中)得出結(jié)論drawsth.from/outof從……中提取/抽出?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Indoingso,I'lldraw_________anexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.(2023·全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)②Shedrewtheinterview____________tooveranhour.③Itisimportantto___________________________(從事實中得出結(jié)論).④I____________________(從……汲取力量)themillionsofwomenwhohavefacedthischallengesuccessfully.onoutdrawaconclusionfromthefactsdrawstrengthfrom句式點撥1.not…but…

連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)教材原句：

Whatamazedthechildwasnotanewworld,buttheunnoticedmusicoftheold.(P44)令孩子驚奇的不是一個新的世界，而是不為人注意的古老音樂。①not…but…意為“不是……而是……”，連接的前后內(nèi)容表示轉(zhuǎn)折，在結(jié)構(gòu)上表示并列。②當(dāng)not…but…連接的并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與but后的名詞保持一致。?

單句語法填空/完成句子①NotyoubutI_________(be)wrong.②Thevalueoflifedoesn'tlieinthelengthofdays,__________________________________(而在于我們?nèi)绾卫眠@些日子).③Theobjectiveofthisdebatinggameis__________________________(不是為了贏，而是為了找到真相)thatwillallowyoutomovefaster,fartherandbetter.

ambutliesinhowwemakeuseofthemnottowinbuttogettothetruth2.until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句教材原句：

Sometruthandbeautyremainunnoticeduntilasensitivehumansoulbringsthemtoourattention,justastheshellreflectstheunnoticedsounds.(P45)有些真與美一直不為人所察覺，直到有一個敏銳的人類靈魂讓它們引起我們的注意，這就正如貝殼把那些被人忽視的聲音呈現(xiàn)出來一樣。①until既是介詞又是連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語，意為“直到……為止”，與till同義，但till更常用于口語中。②until常用于否定句中，notuntil意為“直到……才”，當(dāng)notuntil引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句置于句首時，主句的主語和謂語通常要用部分倒裝。③itisnotuntil…that“直到……才”是其強調(diào)句式，強調(diào)時間狀語，為常見的寫作高級句式。?

單句語法填空/改寫句子①Infact,don'twait__________you'vemadeamistaketotrythis—it'sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.(2023·全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)②Wedidn'topenthedoorsandbeganservingdinneruntilacoupleofhourslater.＝Notuntil

________________________________________________________＝_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(用強調(diào)句)untilacoupleofhourslaterdidweopenthedoorsandbeganservingdinner.

Itwasn'tuntilacoupleofhourslaterthatweopenedthedoorsandbeganservingdinner.3.beonthepointofdoingsth.

正要做某事教材原句：

Hehadbeenonthepointoffeelinghimselfgoeachtime.(P54)每次他都感覺自己快要垮了。beonthepointofdoingsth.when…＝beabouttodosth.when…正要做某事這時……bedoingsth.when…正在做某事這時……h(huán)adjustdonesth.when…剛做完某事這時……?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Henry____________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.(2022·全國新高考Ⅱ卷)②I____________(have)justfinishedmyexamwhenthebellrang.③I_______________________________________(剛要走)whensomeoneknockedatthegate.④Heleanedonarmagainstthewall,____________________________(就快哭出來了).wasfixinghadwasonthepointofleaving或wasabouttoleaveonthepointofburstingintotears素養(yǎng)挑戰(zhàn)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2025·湖南長沙)Engagingyourbrainactivelyatworkcanbenefityouinmorewaysthanjustadvancingyourcareer—itmayalsosafeguardyourcognitive(認(rèn)知的)abilitiesandhelppreventdementia(癡呆癥)asyougetolder,anewstudyfound.Thestudy,publishedinNeurology,analyzedhealthandoccupationaldataon7,000Norwegianswhowerefollowedfromtheir30suntiltheyretiredintheir60s.“Manyotherstudiesonthistopichavelookedatthemostrecentjobsthatpeoplehave,”saidleadauthorDr.TrineEdwin,aresearcheratUniversityofOslo,“butduetothenationaldatabasewehaveinNorway,wewereabletofollowpeopleovermuchoftheirlifetimes.”Todotheanalysis,Edwincategorizedthecognitivedemandsof305occupationsinNorway.Morecognitivelydemandingjobswerenotbasedonroutinetasks,eventhoughrepetitionwasrequiredattimes.“Therewerelawyers,doctors,accountants,andpeopleinpublicserviceinthisgroup,butthemostcommonoccupationwasteaching,”Edwinsaid,“aseffectivecommunicationoutsideoftheclassroomandschoolmatters.Italwaysdependsonteachers'understandingsofstudents'differentsituationsandteachers'empathy.”Havingaroutinejobwithlittlementalstimulationduringyour30s,40s,50sand60sislinkedtoa66%higherriskofmildcognitiveimpairment(損傷)anda37%greaterriskofdementiaaftertheageof70,whencomparedwithhavinganoccupation—thatrequiresmorecomplexthinking.“Theoccupationalenvironmentisparamountinpromotingcognitivewell-being,”saidEdwin.“Similarly,justlikewecanusephysicalexercisetogrowandmaintainourmuscles,exercisingourbrainthroughmorechallengingworkassignmentsseemstohelpfightdementia.”“WhileI'dguessthatpeopleatriskfordementiawouldbewellservedbytakingadvantageofprofessionaladvancementopportunities,learningnewjobtasks,andrefining(改進(jìn))theirskillsatworkoveraperiodoftime,furtherstudieswillneedtoclarifywhichspecificactivitieshavethemostbrainhealthybenefits,”Edwinadded.1.WhyisEdwin'sresearchremarkable?A.Becauseitfocusedonemergingindustries.B.Becauseittrackedalong-termoccupationimpact.C.BecauseitonlystudiedNorwegiansofacertainage.D.Becauseitdrewmuchinspirationfrompaststudies.2.Whatmakesteachingacognitivelydemandingjob?A.Thecompletelackofrepetitivetasks.B.Thenumberofstudentsandparents.C.Theharmoniousrelationshipitcreates.D.Theemotionallaboritinvolves.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“paramount”inparagraph4mean?A.Vital. B.Urgent. C.Realistic. D.Sufficient.4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Activitiesthatcanrefinepeople'sskillsatwork.B.Arecommendationforfutureresearchdirections.C.Tipsforpeoplewhowantprofessionaladvancement.D.Disadvantagesofroutinejobsthatneedfurtherproof.答案及解析：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓大腦積極工作不僅能促進(jìn)你的事業(yè)發(fā)展，還能隨著年齡的增長，保護(hù)人們的認(rèn)知能力，并有助于預(yù)防癡呆癥。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thestudy,publishedinNeurology,analyzedhealthandoccupationaldataon7,000Norwegianswhowerefollowedfromtheir30suntiltheyretiredintheir60s.(這項發(fā)表在《神經(jīng)學(xué)》雜志上的研究分析了7000名挪威人的健康和職業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)，這些人從30多歲開始一直被跟蹤到60多歲退休。)”可知，不同于大多數(shù)同類研究，這項研究分析了7000名挪威人的健康和職業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)，時間覆蓋了這些人的30多歲至60多歲，由此可知，該研究追蹤了職業(yè)的長期影響。故選B。2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“‘Therewerelawyers,doctors,accountants,andpeopleinpublicserviceinthisgroup,butthemostcommonoccupationwasteaching，’Edwinsaid,‘a(chǎn)seffectivecommunicationoutsideoftheclassroomandschoolmatters.Italwaysdependsonteachers'understandingsofstudents'differentsituationsandteachers'empathy.’(‘這個群體中有律師、醫(yī)生、會計和公共服務(wù)人員，但最常見的職業(yè)是教學(xué)工作，’Edwin說，‘因為課堂和學(xué)校之外的有效溝通很重要。這總是取決于教師對學(xué)生不同情況的理解和教師的同理心?！?”可知，老師需要經(jīng)常與學(xué)生和家長交流，即教師這一職業(yè)需要對家長和學(xué)生產(chǎn)生共情，使其成為對認(rèn)知要求較大的工作。故選D。3.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞前的“Havingaroutinejobwithlittlementalstimulation…thatrequiresmorecomplexthinking.(與需要更復(fù)雜思維的職業(yè)相比，在30多歲、40多歲、50多歲和60多歲做一份缺乏精神刺激的常規(guī)工作，患輕度認(rèn)知障礙的風(fēng)險要高出66%，70歲后患癡呆癥的風(fēng)險要高出37%。)”可知，缺乏精神刺激的常規(guī)工作會提高患上輕度認(rèn)知障礙和癡呆癥的風(fēng)險，即職業(yè)環(huán)境在促進(jìn)認(rèn)知健康方面是至關(guān)重要的，由此可知，畫線單詞的意思與“重要的”意義相近。故選A。4.B段落大意題。根據(jù)尾段“‘WhileI'dguessthatpeopleatriskfordementia…whichspecificactivitieshavethemostbrainhealthybenefits,’Edwinadded.(Edwin補充說：‘雖然我認(rèn)為有癡呆癥風(fēng)險的人可以通過利用職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會，學(xué)習(xí)新的工作任務(wù)，并在一段時間內(nèi)提高他們的工作技能來受益良多，但進(jìn)一步的研究需要明