聚焦語法第8講被動(dòng)語態(tài)思維導(dǎo)圖考點(diǎn)精講Ⅰ.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法說明時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are＋donecan/could/may/might/should/would/oughttobe＋done一般過去時(shí)was/were＋done一般將來時(shí)will/shallbe＋done過去將來時(shí)would/shouldbe＋done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeing＋done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeing＋done時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeen＋donecan/could/may/might/should/would/oughttobe＋done過去完成時(shí)hadbeen＋done將來進(jìn)行時(shí)will/shallbebeing＋done將來完成時(shí)will/shallhavebeen＋done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)has/havebeenbeing＋doneⅡ.使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意的問題注意事項(xiàng)例句只有及物動(dòng)詞(短語)才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常見的不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)有appear、disappear、die、end、happen、occur、lie、remain、sit、stand、rise、breakout、cometrue、fallasleep、keepsilence、loseheart、takeplace、belongto、comeabout、consistof、burstout、runout、comeintobeing等Thepricehasrisen.Thepricehasbeenraised.Foodsupplieshadrunouttowardstheendofthetrip.TheUnitedNationscameintobeingin1945.注意事項(xiàng)例句反身代詞或相互代詞在句中作賓語時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)Youmustlookafteryourself.Weshouldhelpeachotherwhateverhappens.動(dòng)詞(read/write/sell/wash/clean/wear/open/eat/lock/…)＋副詞(well/badly/easily/smoothly/…)表示主語的屬性特征時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義Thepenwritesverysmoothly.Theclothwearslongandwasheswell.Thispoemdoesn'ttranslatewell.注意事項(xiàng)例句英語中一些帶介詞的動(dòng)詞短語，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這時(shí)應(yīng)該保留其介詞。常見的可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的這類動(dòng)詞短語有hearof(聽說)；talkabout(談?wù)?；sendfor(派人去請(qǐng))；operateon(動(dòng)手術(shù))；laughat(嘲笑)；lookafter(照看)；takecareof(照看)；thinkwellof(對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)高)；makefunof(嘲笑)；askfor(要求)；breakinto(破門而入)；dealwith(處理)；lookinto(調(diào)查)；lookup(查找)；getridof(除去)；makeuseof(利用)；payattentionto(注意)；putanendto(結(jié)束)等Thedoctorhasbeesentfor.Forthishewasoftenmadefunof.注意事項(xiàng)例句“連系動(dòng)詞＋adj.”一般不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：·表“狀態(tài)，感覺，終止”的有be、appear、feel、look、prove、taste、smell、sound等·表“變化”的有become、come、drop、fall、get、go、grow、make、run、turn、work等·表“依舊”的有continue、hold、keep、lie、remain、rest、stay、stand等Sheappearstobefriendly.Thematerialfeelsverysoft.Einstein'stheoryprovedtobecorrect.Theappletastesverydelicious.Themusicsoundsveryfamiliartome.Themeathasgonebad.Theweatherwillcontinuefineintwodays.Mayyoustayyoung.TheSwedestoodstill.注意事項(xiàng)例句在die、sleep、smile、laugh、fight、dream、live等動(dòng)詞后接的是相應(yīng)的同源賓語時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)Shesmiledasweetsmileatme.Wearelivingahappylife.Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.Isleptagoodsleeplastnight.Hediedanaturaldeath.注意事項(xiàng)例句在形容詞后作狀語用的不定式，與主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，則用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有difficult、hard、easy、interesting、pleasant、nice、fit、bitter、light、heavy、important等)★1.如果句中的主語是不定式的邏輯主語要用主動(dòng)語態(tài)2.如果句中的主語不是不定式的邏輯主語須用被動(dòng)語態(tài)Thestreetwasdifficulttofindonthemap.Histelephonenumberiseasytoremember.Thenovelisinterestingtoread.Thesongispleasanttohear.Goodmedicineisbittertotaste.Theboxistooheavy(foryou)tolift.Ihavealettertotype,soIcan'tgowithyou.(自己打)Hehasnomoreletterstobetyped.Thankyou.(讓別人打)IfoundEinstein'stheoryhardtounderstand.(自己理解)Ifoundmytheoryhardtobeunderstood.(讓別人理解)注意事項(xiàng)例句動(dòng)詞need、require、want、deserve、beworth等詞后跟doing的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)常表示被動(dòng)含義，但是也可用不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)Theroomneedscleaning(＝tobecleaned).Theyoungtreesrequirelookingafter(＝tobelooke