2025年acca考試題目及答案本文借鑒了近年相關經典試題創(chuàng)作而成，力求幫助考生深入理解測試題型，掌握答題技巧，提升應試能力。PaperF2ManagementAccountingSectionA–ShortAnswerQuestions(SAQs)Question1Acompanyproducestwoproducts,XandY.Thebudgetedproductionandsalesvolumesforthenextmonthare1,000unitsofXand800unitsofY.Thestandardcostsperunitareasfollows:|CostItem|ProductX(￡)|ProductY(￡)||------------------|--------------|--------------||Directmaterials|5|7||Directlabour|3|4||Variableoverhead|2|3|Thecompanyusesastandardcostingsystemandvariancesarecalculatedusingtheformula:(Actualcost-Standardcost)/Standardcost.Duringthemonth,theactualresultswereasfollows:|CostItem|ProductX(￡)|ProductY(￡)||------------------|--------------|--------------||Actualproductionandsales|900unitsofXand850unitsofY|||Actualmaterialcost|￡4,500|￡6,000||Actuallabourcost|￡2,700|￡3,500||Actualoverheadcost|￡1,800|￡2,550|Required:(a)CalculatethedirectmaterialpricevarianceanddirectmaterialusagevarianceforbothproductsXandY.(8marks)(b)CalculatethedirectlabourratevarianceanddirectlabourefficiencyvarianceforbothproductsXandY.(8marks)(c)CalculatethevariableoverheadexpenditurevarianceandvariableoverheadefficiencyvarianceforbothproductsXandY.(8marks)Question2Acompanyisconsideringinvestinginanewmachinethatwillcost￡50,000.Themachineisexpectedtohaveausefullifeof5yearsandnoresidualvalue.Themachineisexpectedtoincreasesalesrevenueby￡10,000peryearandreducevariablecostsby￡4,000peryear.Thecompany'scostofcapitalis10%.Required:(a)Calculatethepaybackperiodfortheinvestment.(4marks)(b)Calculatethenetpresentvalue(NPV)oftheinvestment.(6marks)(c)Evaluatetheinvestmentusingtheinternalrateofreturn(IRR)method.(6marks)Question3Acompanyproducesasingleproductthatissoldfor￡20perunit.Thebudgetedproductionandsalesforthenextmonthare1,000units.Thestandardcostsperunitareasfollows:|CostItem|(￡)||------------------|-----||Directmaterials|5||Directlabour|3||Variableoverhead|2|Thecompanyusesastandardcostingsystemandvariancesarecalculatedusingtheformula:(Actualcost-Standardcost)/Standardcost.Duringthemonth,theactualresultswereasfollows:|CostItem|(￡)||------------------|-----||Actualproductionandsales|950units||Actualmaterialcost|￡4,700||Actuallabourcost|￡2,850||Actualoverheadcost|￡1,900|Required:(a)Calculatethetotalmaterialvariance,totallabourvariance,andtotaloverheadvariance.(8marks)(b)Providepossiblereasonsforanyadversevariances.(6marks)Question4Acompanyisplanningitsproductionforthenextmonth.Thecompanyhasthefollowinginformation:|Product|Budgetedsales(units)|Budgetedproduction(units)|Directmaterialcostperunit(￡)|Directlabourcostperunit(￡)||--------|-----------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------------|---------------------------------||A|1,000|1,050|5|3||B|800|850|7|4|Thecompanyhasthefollowingresourceconstraints:|Resource|Totalavailable|ProductAusageperunit|ProductBusageperunit||---------|-----------------|-------------------------|-------------------------||Material|5,000units|2units|3units||Labour|3,000hours|1.5hours|1hour|Required:(a)Determinetheoptimalproductionplanusinglinearprogramming.(10marks)(b)Calculatethetotalcontributionmarginfortheoptimalproductionplan.(4marks)SectionB–AppliedScenarioQuestion(ASQ)Scenario:Youareamanagementaccountantatacompanythatproducesandsellstwoproducts,XandY.Thecompanyusesastandardcostingsystemandvarianceanalysistomonitorperformance.Thebudgetedandactualresultsforthelastmonthareasfollows:|Product|Budgetedsales(units)|Actualsales(units)|Budgetedsellingprice(￡)|Actualsellingprice(￡)|Budgeteddirectmaterialcostperunit(￡)|Actualdirectmaterialcostperunit(￡)|Budgeteddirectlabourcostperunit(￡)|Actualdirectlabourcostperunit(￡)|Budgetedvariableoverheadcostperunit(￡)|Actualvariableoverheadcostperunit(￡)||--------|-----------------------|----------------------|---------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------||X|1,000|950|25|26|5|5.2|3|3.2|2|2.1||Y|800|850|30|29|7|6.8|4|4.1|3|3.2|Required:(a)CalculatethefollowingvariancesforbothproductsXandY:(i)Salespricevariance(ii)Salesvolumevariance(inunitsand￡)(iii)Directmaterialpricevariance(iv)Directmaterialusagevariance(v)Directlabourratevariance(vi)Directlabourefficiencyvariance(vii)Variableoverheadexpenditurevariance(viii)Variableoverheadefficiencyvariance(24marks)(b)Provideareporttothemanagementteamsummarizingthekeyvariancesandtheirpossiblecauses.(10marks)AnswerandExplanationSectionA–ShortAnswerQuestions(SAQs)Question1(a)DirectMaterialVariances:ProductX:-MaterialPriceVariance=(ActualPrice-StandardPrice)ActualQuantity=(￡4.5/unit-￡5/unit)900units=-￡450(Favourable)-MaterialUsageVariance=(ActualQuantity-StandardQuantity)StandardPrice=(900units-900units2units/unit)￡5/unit=-￡900(Adverse)ProductY:-MaterialPriceVariance=(ActualPrice-StandardPrice)ActualQuantity=(￡6/unit-￡7/unit)850units=-￡850(Favourable)-MaterialUsageVariance=(ActualQuantity-StandardQuantity)StandardPrice=(850units-850units3units/unit)￡7/unit=-￡2,450(Adverse)(b)DirectLabourVariances:ProductX:-LabourRateVariance=(ActualRate-StandardRate)ActualHours=(￡2.7/小時-￡3/小時)900hours=-￡180(Favourable)-LabourEfficiencyVariance=(ActualHours-StandardHours)StandardRate=(900hours-900hours1.5hours/unit)￡3/hour=-￡450(Adverse)ProductY:-LabourRateVariance=(ActualRate-StandardRate)ActualHours=(￡3.5/小時-￡4/小時)850hours=-￡175(Favourable)-LabourEfficiencyVariance=(ActualHours-StandardHours)StandardRate=(850hours-850hours1hour/unit)￡4/hour=-￡1,400(Adverse)(c)VariableOverheadVariances:ProductX:-OverheadExpenditureVariance=(ActualRate-StandardRate)ActualHours=(￡1.8/小時-￡2/小時)900hours=-￡180(Favourable)-OverheadEfficiencyVariance=(ActualHours-StandardHours)StandardRate=(900hours-900hours1.5hours/unit)￡2/hour=-￡360(Adverse)ProductY:-OverheadExpenditureVariance=(ActualRate-StandardRate)ActualHours=(￡2.55/小時-￡3/小時)850hours=-￡212.5(Favourable)-OverheadEfficiencyVariance=(ActualHours-StandardHours)StandardRate=(850hours-850hours1hour/unit)￡3/hour=-￥2,550(Adverse)Question2(a)PaybackPeriod:-Annualnetcashinflow=￡10,000(revenue)+￡4,000(costreduction)=￡14,000-Paybackperiod=Initialinvestment/Annualnetcashinflow=￡50,000/￡14,000=3.57years(b)NetPresentValue(NPV):-PVfactorfor10%for5years=3.791-NPV=￡14,0003.791-￡50,000=￡52,074-￡50,000=￡2,074(c)InternalRateofReturn(IRR):-IRRisthediscountrateatwhichNPV=0-Usinginterpolation:-At10%,NPV=￡2,074-At12%,NPV=￡14,0003.605-￡50,000=￡1,670-IRR=10%+(￡2,074/￡2,074+￡1,670)(12%-10%)=10%+0.552%=10%+1.1%=11.1%Question3(a)TotalVariances:MaterialVariance:-TotalMaterialVariance=MaterialPriceVariance+MaterialUsageVariance=-￡300(Favourable)+￡1,400(Adverse)=￡1,100(Adverse)LabourVariance:-TotalLabourVariance=LabourRateVariance+LabourEfficiencyVariance=-￡150(Favourable)+￡450(Adverse)=￡300(Adverse)OverheadVariance:-TotalOverheadVariance=OverheadExpenditureVariance+OverheadEfficiencyVariance=-￡100(Favourable)+￡300(Adverse)=￡200(Adverse)(b)PossibleReasonsforAdverseVariances:-MaterialUsageVariance:Inefficientuseofmaterials,poorqualitymaterialsleadingtohigherwaste.-LabourEfficiencyVariance:Inefficientuseoflabour,poortraining,machinebreakdowns.-OverheadEfficiencyVariance:Inefficientuseofoverheadresources,higheractualhoursworked.Question4(a)OptimalProductionPlan:Usinglinearprogramming:-Objectivefunction:MaximizeZ=20X+30Y-Constraints:-2X+3Y≤5,000(Materialconstraint)-1.5X+1Y≤3,000(Labourconstraint)-X,Y≥0Solvingtheconstraints:-From2X+3Y=5,000,Y=(5,000-2X)/3-Substituteinto1.5X+1Y=3,000:-1.5X+(5,000-2X)/3=3,000-4.5X+5,000-2X=9,000-2.5X=4,000-X=1,600-Y=(5,000-21,600)/3=1,000(b)TotalContributionMargin:-TotalContributionMargin=(1,600￡20)+(1,000￡30)=￡32,000+￡30,000=￡62,000SectionB–AppliedScenarioQuestion(ASQ)(a)VariancesforProductsXandY:ProductX:(i)SalesPriceVariance=(ActualPrice-StandardPrice)ActualSales=(￡26-￡25)950=￡4,750(Favourable)(ii)SalesVolumeVariance(Units)=(ActualSales-BudgetedSales)StandardPrice=(950-1,000)￡25=-￡2,500(Adverse)(iii)DirectMaterialPriceVariance=(ActualPrice-StandardPrice)ActualQuantity=(￡5.2-￡5)950=￡470(Adverse)(iv)DirectMaterialUsageVariance=(ActualQuantity-StandardQuantity)StandardPrice=(950-9502)￡5=-￡2,500(Adverse)(v)DirectLabourRateVariance=(ActualRate-StandardRate)ActualHours=(￡3.2-￡3)950=￡380(Adverse)(vi)DirectLabourEfficiencyVariance=(ActualHours-StandardHours)StandardRate=(950-9501.5)￡3=-￡1,450(Adverse)(vii)VariableOverheadExpenditureVariance=(ActualRate-StandardRate)ActualHours=(￡2.1-￡2)950=￡190(Adverse)(viii)VariableOverheadEfficiencyVariance=(ActualHours-StandardHours)StandardRate=(950-9501.5)￡2=-￡1,900(Adverse)ProductY:(i)SalesPriceVariance=(ActualPrice-StandardPrice)ActualSales=(￡29-￡30)850=-￡850(Favourable)(ii)SalesVolumeVariance(Units)=(ActualSales-BudgetedSales)StandardPrice=(850-800)￡30=￡2,100(Favourable)(iii)DirectMaterialPriceVariance=(ActualPrice-StandardPrice)ActualQuantity=(￡6.8-￡7)850=-￡340(Favourable)(iv)DirectMaterialUsageVariance=(ActualQuantity-StandardQuantity)StandardPrice=(850-8503)￡7=-￥2,450(Adverse)(v)DirectLabourRateVariance=(ActualRate-StandardRate)ActualHours=(￡4.1-￡4)850=￡170(Adverse)(vi)DirectLabourEfficiencyVariance=(ActualHours-StandardHours)StandardRate=(850-8501)￡4=-￥3,400(Adverse)(vii)VariableOverheadExpenditureVariance=(ActualRate-StandardRate)ActualHours=(￡3.2-￡3)850=￡340(Adverse)(viii)VariableOverheadEfficiencyVariance=(ActualHours-StandardHours)StandardRate=(850-8501)￡3=-￥2,550(Adverse)(b)ReporttoManagementTeam:Subject:VarianceAnalysisReportforProductsXandYIntroduction:ThisreportsummarizesthekeyvariancesforProductsXandYforthelastmonth,providinginsightsintotheperformanceofthecompany.SalesVariances:-ProductX:Salespricevariancewasfavourable,indicatingthattheactualsellingpricewashigherthanthestandardprice.However,thesalesvolumevariancewasadverse,suggestingthattheactualsalesvolumewaslowerthanbudgeted.-ProductY:Salespricevariancewasadverse,indicatingthattheactualsellingpricewaslowerthanthestandardprice.However,thesalesvolumevariancewasfavourable,suggestingthattheactualsalesvolumewashigherthanbudgeted.MaterialVariances:-ProductX:Bothmaterialpriceandusagevarianceswereadverse,indicatinghighermaterialcostsandinefficientuseofmaterials.-ProductY:Materialpricevariancewasfavourable,indicatinglowermaterialcosts.However,thematerialusagevariancewasadverse,sugge