劍橋商務(wù)英語BEC高級閱讀真題

PARTONE

Questions1-8

?Lookatthesentencesbelowandatfivepassagestakenfromabookaboutfamousmanagement

thinkersontheoppositepage.

?Whichpassagedoeseachsentencereferto?

?Foreachsentence1-8,markoneletterAlB,C,DorEonyourAnswerSheet.

?Youwillneedtousesomeoftheselettersmorethanonce.

Example:

Hehasdevelopedhisowncompanytopromotehiswork.

0ABCDE

1Othersinhisfieldthinkveryhighlyofhim.

2Hisideashavespreadbeyondthebusinessworld.

3Hefeltthatpeopleshou1dbeabletoenjoytheirwork.

4Hisideasaremorecomplexthantheyseem.

5Hedidavarietyofinterestingthingsbeforewritinghisbooks.

6Hismostsuccessfulbookwaswrittenwithacolleague.

7Heisparticularlyskilledatforecastingimportantdevelopments.

8Contactwiththemilitarywasanearlyinfluenceonhisthinking.

AJohnAdair

AdairisthepioneeringBritishthinkerinthetheoryofleadership.Hewasthefirstperson

intheUKtoholdaprofessorshipinBusinessLeadershipandhaspublishedaseriesofinfluential

booksonthesubject.

Despitehisquietappearance,Adairhashadacolourfullife,servinginaBedouinregiment

andworkingonanArcticfishingboat!Hisinitialinterestinleadershipcamefromhisarmy

experienceandheusedtolectureatthehighlyprestigiousacademywhereBritisharmyoffices

aretrained.Henowworksasaninternationalconsultant.

BEdwarddeBono

DeBonoisunusualamorgmajorgurusfortworeasons:firstly,hewasbornnotinonecfthe

greatindustrialnationsbutonthetinyislandofMalta.Secondly,hisideashavereachedawider

audiencethanjustmanagers,sothathisbookshavebecomeessentialrendinginmanydifferent

disciplines.

MostofdeBonosworkhasbeenconcernedwiththewayhumanbeingscantrainthemselvesto

thinkmorecreatively.Thisapparentlysimpleideahasresultedin37booksandahighlysuccessful

careerasalecturerandconsultant.

CPeterDrucker

ProbablynoothersinglethinkerhasdoneasmuchasDruckertoestablishmanagementasa

seriousareaofstudy.Certainly,hisfellowmanagementthinkersconsiderhimoneofthefounding

fathersofthediscipline,andhisbooksandarticlesarequotedmorethanthoseofanyother

managementwriter.

Hisfirstbookwaspublishedasfarbackas1939,yetheisstillwritingandteaching.His

greatestdistinctionhasbeenhisabi1itytopredictcomingtrendsinbusinessandeconomics.As

aresult,hisideasaretreatedwiththegreatestrespectandinterest.

DFrederickHerzberg

Althoughrelativelyfevcontemporarymanagementstudentswillhavereadhisbooks,Herzberg

snameisinstantlyrecognisabletoanyonewhohasstudiedindustrialorganisations.Thisis

becausetheAmericanpsychologistwasresponsibleforintrcducingtheconceptofmotivationinto

managementthinking.

Asayoungman,Herzbergbecamedeeplyinterestedinmentali1Inessandthehumanneedfor

mentalandemotionalsatisfaction.Thisledhimtocriticisetheapproachofmanycompaniesto

jobdesign,andtoarguefortheneedforjobenrichmenttostimulateemployeesefforts.

ETomPeters

TheAmericansreputationwascreatedintheI980sbythespectacularsuccessofonebook,

TnSearchofExcellence,co-writtenwithRobertWaterman.Thetwowereworkingtogetheras

managementconsultantsandno-oneexpectedtheirfirst(andonly)booktoendupselling5million

copieswor1dwide!

Althoughhisideashavebeencriticised,Peterspopularityasaspeakerandwriterhas

continuedtogrow.SomuchsothatPetershascreatedhisjwnbusinesstomarketbooks,videos

andconsultancybasedonhiswork.

PARTTWO

Questions9-14

,Readthistextfromanarticleabouthealthclubs.

,Choosethebestsentencefromtheoppositepagetofillineachofthegaps.

,Foreachgap9-14,markoneletterA-HonyourAnswerSheet.

,Donotuseanylettermorethanonce.

,Thereisanexamplealthebeginning(0).

Travelstressbringsboomtohealthclubs

Arapidgrowthinbusinesstravelhasprovidedalucrativespin-offforBritishhealthclubs

ascompaniestrytopreventhard-workingexecutivesfromsufferingtravel-relatedstress.

Healthclubsarefullybookedthroughoutthecomingmonthsallaroundthecountryandmany

areplanningtoexpandtheirfacilities.

0HAccordingtoGillieTurner,gi'oupmarketingmanagerfortheChampncysgroupofhealth

clubs,duringthelastrecessionexecutiveslostmanyoftheirextrabenefitsascompaniescut

back..9Shesaysthatlargecompaniesalsoseemtohavedecidedthatitisnogoodsendingsomeone

toacountrylikeSpainasarewardfordoingagoodjob,becausetheywillsimplyeattoomuch

andflopontoabeach..10

Champneys,thecompanyacknowledgedasthemarketleaderinthisfield,isnowplanningto

introduceaspecial"ProfilingfromStress“course,whichwillrunoverthreedays..11Jonathon

Stapleton,generalmanagerofChampneys,saysthatmoderncorporate1ifebeingwhatitis,most

businesstravellersfindthattheyarehavingtodotheworkwhich-evenayearago-wasdone

bytwo.12

Tomeetthisnewdemand,otherhealthclubsarealsothinkingofintroducingsimilar

schemes.ClareBrandish,thesalesandmarketingdirectorofanotherhealthclub,hasnoticeda

markedchangeintheclienteleatherclub..13

Businessesofallkindsarcanxioustoreduceabsenteeism..14Muchoftheproblemiscaused

bylongperiodsawayfromhome,irregularhours,businessentertainingandjetlag.

AccordingtotheGuildofBusinessTravelAgents,salesofbusiness-classairlinetickets

haverisenby12%inthepastyear,hotelbookingshavegoneupby36%andcarhirehasrisen

by24%.DaveReynolds,theGBTAchiefexecutive,saysthatthetroubleisthatthesamenumber

ofpeoplearebeingaskedtotravelmoreoften.Hecommentsthatitisno

wondertheyneedtotakeabreakinahealthclub.

AIthasbeencalculatedthatabout40millionworkingdaysarclosteachyearinBrilain

becauseofstress,tentimesasmanyasarelost10industrialdisputes.

BThishasinvolvedaconsiderableriseinthenumberofbusinessbookings,whereaspreviously

mostclientscameasprivateindividuals.

CNowtheyarebeingrestored,asindustryrealisesthatthehealthofitsexecutivesisvital.

DButwhowillbenefitmostfromthesedevelopments?

EBecauseofthepressuresthisimposes,manycompanieshavenowdecidedthatitisworthwhile

payingfortheirseniorexecutivestotakeaproperbreakandgetadviceonhowtocombatstress.

FExecutivestakingpartinitwillbegivenmassagesandhealthtreatments,workoutsand

arangeoftalksonhowtodealwithstress,especiallywhentravelling.

GSowhatsthereasonforthisnowtrend?

PARTTHREE

Questions15-20

,ReadtherollowingariicleonrecruitingandmanagIngstaffandthequestionsoniheopposite

page.

,Eachquestionhasfoursuggestedanswersorwaysoffinishingthesentence,A,B,Cand

D.

,MarkoneleLterA,B,CorDonyourAnswerSheet,forLheansweryouchoose.

Asamanagerintheserviceindustrysector,I*velookedalhundredsofCVsinmylime.They

arenotnecessarilytheblanddocumentssomebossesmightthinktheyare!Theyarefulloflittle

pointerstowardsindividualspersonalitiesandsuitabilityforthejob.ThefirstthingIalways

lookatisanapplicantsemploymentrecord.Icheckforcontinuityandstability.Ifsomebodyhas

alonglistofpreviousjobs,allofvaryinglength,alarnbellsstartringing.Ratherthanan

irregularroutefromjobtojob,whatIhopetoseeisstablecareerprogression.Whatdoestheir

careerpathlooklike-isitallstepsforward,orarctherealotofsidewaysmoves?AncIam

alwayspleasedtofindafamilypersonwithchildren,becauseinmyexperiencetheytendtobe

responsibleandreliable.

IneverrelyonCVsalone.Wegetapplicantstofillir.oneofourownapplicationforms.We

askwhythey*veapplied,uhattheiraspirationsandpersonalgoalsare,andalsoabouttheir

interestsandhobbiesandanyclubstheybelongto.Thatgivesyouausefulinsightintotheir

personalityand1ifestyle.Theapplicalionformalsoenablesustotesthowmuchpeoplehave

actuallybeenprogressingintheircareers,becauseweaskfordetailsofthesalariestheyhave

receivedforeachjob.

ItsalwaysworthlookingatCVsanddesigningapplicstionformswithgreatcare.Takingon

employeesmightberewarding,butitisalsoabiginvestmentforanybusiness.Mistakesinchoosing

staffcancostcompaniesdear,soitmakessensetospendtimeensuringyougettherightperson.

Intheservicesector,oneoftheaimsofcompaniesistomaintainandimprovecustomerservice,

andthisisachievedpartlythroughlowstaffturnover.Youneedtotakeonpeoplewhounderstand

that,andwillwanttostay.Thatswhy,whenyou,vetakenstaffon,thenextthingisgetting

thebestoutofthem.

MymanagementstyleconesfromthedayswhenItookovermyfirstbusiness,anailingroad

haulagefirmwhichIwascertainIcouldturnintoaprofitablecompany.Thefirstthingisto

treatothersasyoud1iketobetreatedyourself./\ssoonasItookoverthebusiness,Italked

toeverybodyindividually,andlookedforwaystomakesuretheirparticularski1Isbenefited

thecompany.

Ididn,thavemuchexperiencethenofmanagingpeople,butaboveallIalwaystriedtobe

fairandhonestwitheveryone.Asaresult,Ithinkthestaffknewthatandacceptedmydecisions,

eveniftheydidn'tagreewiththemall.Also,bossesmustbeabletocommunicate.Youalsoneed

tocreateteamspirit,andbuildonthestrengthoftheteam.Iexplainedmyplansforthecompany

toal1thestaff,andletthemal1knowwhatTneededfromthem.Thelorrydriversresponded

brilliantly,andwerethekeytoturningthebusinessround.Theyunderstoodthatwehadtodevelop

aprofessionalreputation,andfromthenonthedaysofpoorqualitydeliverieswereover.

Lastly,1amagreatbelieverinprofit-sharing.Ittakesateamtomakeacompanywork,so

profitsshouldbesharedbyal1.Jobsatisfactionisimportant,butitdoesn'tpaytherent.Shared

profitandbonuseshelptostrengthenteamspiritbygivingeveryoneacommongoalthattheywork

towardstogether.

15WhatfactdoesthewriterhopetolearnfromapplicantsCVs?

Athattheyhaveexperienceofmanydifferentjobs

Bthattheircareershavedevelopedsteadily

Ctheopiniontheiremployershadofthem

Dwhethertheyaremarriedorsingle

16ThewritersaysLheapplicalionfoimisusefulbecauseiI

Arevealssomethingoftheapplicantscharacter.

Bgivesinformationabouttheapplicantsfamily.

Cexplainswhatskillstheapplicanthasforthejob.

Dshowshowmuchtheapplicantwantstoearn.

17Accordingtothewriter,whyareCVsandapplicationformssoimportant?

AInterviewingpeopleisanexpensiveprocess.

BTheyindicatewhetherapplicantsreallywantthejob.

CTheyindicatewhetherapplicantsareefficientornot.

DEmployingthewrongpeoplecanbedisastrous.

18Unereasonwhythewriterwassuccessfulinherfirstbusinesswasthat

Ashewasusedtodealingwithpeople.

Bshewasopenwiththestaff.

Cthebusinesswasalreadydoingwellwhenshestarted.

Dthestaffagreedwithallherdecisions.

19Thewriterbelievesprofit-sharingisagoodideabecause

Aitencouragesacompetitivespirit.

Beveryoneearnsthesamesalary.

Ceveryonesharesthesameaim.

Ditcreatesjobsatisfaction.

20WhichwouldmakethebesttitleforThistext?

AProfit-sharingasmotivation

BHowIturnedabusinessround

CPeople-thekeytobusinesssuccess

DTheimportanceofawell-presentedCV

PARTFOUR

Questions21-30

,Readthearticlebe]owaboutamethodoflearninglanguagesforbusinesspeop1e.

,Choosethebestwordfromtheoppositepagetofilleachgap.

,Foreachquestion21-30markoneletterA,B,CorDonyourAnswerSheet.

,Thereisanexampleatthebeginning(0).

Languagelearningforthebusyexecutive

Ifyou'veeverbeentoldbyyourbosstoimproveyourknowledgeofaforeignlanguageyou'11

knowthat(0)doesn'tcomequickly.Itgenerallytakesyearstolearnanotherlanguage

wellandconstant(21)tomaintainthehighstandardsrequiredforfrequentbusiness

use.Whetheryoustudyinaclass,withaudiocassettes,computersoronyour(22)sooner

or(23)everylanguagecoursefinishesandyoumustdecidewhattodonextifyouneed

aforeignlanguageforyourcareer.

BusinessAudioMagazinesisanewproductdesignedtohelpyoucontinuelanguagestudyin

awaythatfitseasilyintcyourbusyschedule.Eachaudiocassette(24)ofanhoui-long

programmepackedwithbusinessnews,featuresandinterviewsinthelanguageofyourchoice.These

cassetteswontteachyouhowtoordermealsoraskfordirections.11is(25)thatyou

candothatalready.Instead,bygivingyouanopportunitytohearthelanguageasitsreally

spoken,theyhelpyouto(26)yourvocabularyandimproveyourabilitytousereal

languagerelatingto,forexample,thatall-importantmarketingtrip.

Thegreatadvantageofusingaudiomagazinesisthatthey...(27)youtoperfectyour

languageskillsinwaysth￡tsuityourlifestyle.Forexample,youcanselectatopicandlisten

inyourcarorhotelwhenEwayonbusiness.Nootherbusinesscourseisas...(28)Andthe

uniqueradio-magazineformatisasinstructiveasitisentertaining.Tnadditiontothe

audiocassette,thispackageincludesatranscriptwithabusinessglossaryandastudy...

(29)...Thecomponentsarestructuredsothatintermediateandadvancedstudentsmayusethem

separatelyortogether...(30)ontheirability.

Example:ABCD

20AgainBresultCsuccessDoutcome

21AexerciseBperformanceCpracticeDoperation

22AselfBindividualCpersonalDown

23AafterBthenClaterDquicker

24AconsistsBincludesCcontainsDinvolves

25AinsistedBacquiredCassertedDassumed

26AprolongBextendCspreadDlift

27AallowBletCsupportDoffer

28AadjustableBflexibleCconvertibleDvariable

29AadditionBsupplementCextraDmanuscript

30AaccordingBdependingCrelatingDbasing

PARTFIVE

Questions31-40

,Readthearticlebelowaboutmeetings.

,Foreachquestion31-40writeonewordinCAPITALLETTERSonyourAnswerSheet.

Howtomakemoreofmeetings

Youshouldknowwhatendsyouwanttoachieveinameetingbeforeitstartsandpreparefor

it(0)...readinganypaperscirculatedbeforehand,andcarefullythinkingabout(31)you

wanttosay.Thismaysoundratherboring,butsolidpreparationisthekeytosuccessfulmeetings:

Agreal(32)...oftimea(idenergycanbewastedLhroughsimplelackofplaniiiiig.

Themostimportantissuesarenotalwaysgiventhemosttimeinthegeneralrunningof

meetings.Peopleareoftenunwilling(33)discussimportantbudgetarymattersbecausethey

donotfullyunderstandiheni,but(34)...becomesanexpertwhenitcomestodiscussingthecolour

ofthenewcurtains,orwhattypeofcoffeetobuyThediscussionof(35)...trivialmatters

asthese,therefore,shouldbesaveduntiltheendofthemeeting.

Duringthemeetingitisessentialtosticktotheagendaso(36)...toavoidthecommonproblem

ofrepetition.Atthesametimeyou(37)tobesensitivetootherpeoplesid