碩士醫(yī)學(xué)英語()生殖系統(tǒng)詳解演示文稿第一頁，共20頁。（優(yōu)選）碩士醫(yī)學(xué)英語()生殖系統(tǒng)第二頁，共20頁。Thereproductivetractdevelopsincloseassociationwiththeurinarytract.Infemales,thetwosystemsbecomecompletelyseparate,whereasthemalereproductiveandurinarytractsshareacommonpassage,theurethra.Thus,thetwosystemsarereferredtotogetherasthegenitourinary(GU)orurogenital(UG)tract(泌尿生殖道),andurologists(泌尿科醫(yī)師)arecalledontotreatdisordersofthemalereproductivesystemaswellasoftheurinarysystem.第三頁，共20頁。TheMaleReproductiveSystem:TheTestes(睪丸):<testis,單數(shù)>

Themalegermcells(生殖細(xì)胞),thespermatozoa(spermcells),areproducedinthepairedtestes(singular,testis)thataresuspendedoutsideofthebodyinthescrotum(陰囊)

.

Althoughthetestesdevelopintheabdominalcavity,theynormallydescendthroughtheinguinalcanal(腹股溝管)intothescrotumbeforebirthorshortlythereafter.Frompuberty(青春期)on,spermatozoaformcontinuouslywithinthetestesincoiledseminiferoustubules(精小管).TheirdevelopmentrequirestheaidofspecialSertolicellsandmalesexhormones,orandrogens(男性荷爾蒙),mainlytestosterone(睪丸酮).第四頁，共20頁。Thesehormonesaremanufacturedininterstitialcells(睪丸間質(zhì)細(xì)胞)locatedbetweenthetubules.Inbothmalesandfemales,thegonadsarestimulatedbythehormonesfolliclestimulatinghormone(促卵泡成熟激素)(FSH)andluteinizinghormone(LH)(促黃體生成激素),releasedfromtheanteriorpituitarygland(垂體前葉)beneaththebrain.Althoughthesehormonesarethesameinbothmalesandfemales,LHiscalledinterstitialcell-stimulatinghormone(ICSH)(促間質(zhì)細(xì)胞激素)inmales.第五頁，共20頁。TransportofSpermatozoa：Aftertheirmanufacture,spermcellsarestoredinamuch-coiledtubeonthesurfaceofeachtestis,theepididymis(附睪).Heretheyremainuntilejaculation(射精)

propelsthemintoaseriesofductsthatleadoutofthebody.Thefirstoftheseisthevasdeferens(輸精管).Thisductascendsthroughtheinguinalcanalintotheabdominalcavityandtravelsbehindthebladder.Ashortcontinuation,theejaculatoryduct(射精管),deliversthespermatozoatotheurethraasitpassesthroughtheprostategland(前列腺)belowthebladder.Finally,thecells,nowmixedwithothersecretions,travelintheurethrathroughthepenis(陰莖)tobereleased.第六頁，共20頁。Thepenisisthemaleorganthattransportsbothurineandsemen.Itenlargesatthetiptoformtheglanspenis(龜頭),whichiscoveredbylooseskin,theprepuce(包皮)orforeskin.Surgerytoremovetheforeskiniscircumcision(包皮環(huán)切術(shù)).Thismaybeperformedformedicalreasons,butismostoftenperformedelectivelyinmaleinfantsforreasonsofhygiene,culturalpreferences,orreligion.第七頁，共20頁。FormationofSemen：Semenisthethick,whitishfluidinwhichspermatozoaaretransported.Itcontains,inadditiontospermcells,secretionsfromthreetypesofaccessoryglands.Thefirstofthese,thepairedseminalvesicles(精囊，精囊腺),releasetheirsecretionsintotheejaculatoryduct.Thesecond,theprostategland,secretesintothefirstpartoftheurethrabeneaththebladder.Asmenage,enlargementoftheprostateglandmaycompresstheurethraandcauseurinaryproblems.Thetwobulbourethralglands(尿道球腺)secreteintotheurethrajustbelowtheprostategland.第八頁，共20頁。Togethertheseglandsproduceaslightlyalkalinemixturethatnourishesandtransportsthespermcellsandalsoprotectsthembyneutralizingtheacidityofthefemalevaginaltract(陰道).第九頁，共20頁。IRootsPertainingtoMaleReproductionROOTMEANINGEXAMPLEDEFINITIONOFEXAMPLETest/oTestis,testicletesticularPertainingtoatesticleOrchi/o,orchid/otestisanorchismAbsenceofatestis(無睪)Semin-semeninseminateTointroducesemenintoawoman(人工受精)Sperm/i,spermat/oSemen,spermatozoaoligospermiaDeficiencyofspermatozoa(精子減少)Epididym/oepididymisepididymitisInflammationoftheepididymis(附睪炎)Vas/oVasdeferens;alsovesselvasorrhaphySutureofthevasdeferens(輸精管縫合術(shù))Vesicul/oSeminalvesiclevesiculographyRadiographicstudyoftheseminalvesicle(精囊造影術(shù))第十頁，共20頁。IRootsPertainingtoMaleReproductionROOTMEANINGEXAMPLEDEFINITIONOFEXAMPLEProstat/oprostateprostatometerInstrumentformeasuringtheprostate(前列腺測量器)Osche/oscrotumoscheomaTumorofthescrotum(陰囊瘤)Scrot/oscrotumscrotoplastyPlasticrepairofthescrotum(陰囊成形術(shù))第十一頁，共20頁。FemaleReproductiveSystem:

TheOvaries:

Thefemalegonadsarethepairedovaries(singular,ovary)(卵巢)thatareheldbyligaments(韌帶)inthepelviccavity(盆腔)oneithersideoftheuterus(子宮).Itiswithintheovariesthatthefemalegametes,theeggsorova(singular,ovum),develop.Everymonthseveralovaripen,eachwithinaclusterofcellscalledagraafianfollicle(格拉夫氏泡，囊狀卵泡).Atthetimeofovulation(排卵),usuallyonlyoneovumisreleasedfromtheovaryandtheremainderoftheripeningovadegenerate.Thefollicleremainsbehindandcontinuestofunctionforabout2weeksifthereisnofertilizationoftheovumandforabout2monthsiftheovumisfertilized.第十二頁，共20頁。TheOviducts,Uterus,andVagina：Afterovulation,theovumtravelsintoanoviduct(輸卵管)(alsocalledtheuterinetubeorfallopiantube),oneofthetwotubesattachedtotheupperlateralportionsoftheuterus.Thesetubesarchabovetheovariesandhavefingerlikeprojections(fimbriae，菌毛)thatsweepthereleasedovumintotheoviduct.Iffertilizationoccurs,itusuallytakesplaceintheoviduct.Theuterusistheorganthatnourishesthedevelopingoffspring.Itispear-shaped,withanupperroundedfundus,atriangularcavity,andalowernarrowcervix(子宮頸)thatprojectsintothevagina(陰道).第十三頁，共20頁。Theinnermostlayeroftheuterinewall(子宮壁),theendometrium(子宮內(nèi)膜),hasarichbloodsupply.Itreceivesthefertilizedovumandbecomespartoftheplacenta(胎盤)duringpregnancy.Theendometriumisshedduringthemenstrualperiod(經(jīng)期)ifnofertilizationoccurs.Themusclelayeroftheuterinewallisthemyometrium(子宮肌層).Thevaginaisamusculartubethatreceivesthepenisduringintercourse,functionsasabirthcanal,andtransportsthemenstrualflowoutofthebody.第十四頁，共20頁。TheMammaryGlands:Themammaryglands,orbreasts,arecomposedmainlyofglandulartissue(腺組織)andfat.TheirPurposeistoprovidenourishmentforthenewborn.Themilksecretedbytheglandsiscarriedinductstothenipple.第十五頁，共20頁。IIRootsPertainingtotheFemaleReproductiveSystemROOTMEANINGEXAMPLEDEFINITIONOFEXAMPLEGyn/o,gynec/owomangynecologyStudyofdiseaseofwomanMen/o,mensMonth,menstruationpremenstrualBeforeamenstrualperiodooOvum,eggcelloocyteCellthatgivesrisetoanovumOv/oOvum,eggcellovulationReleaseofanovumfromtheovaryOvari/oovaryovarianPertainingtoanovaryOophor/oovaryoophorotomyIncisionofanovary第十六頁，共20頁。IIIRootsfortheOviducts,Uterus,andVaginaROOTMEANINGEXAMPLEDEFINITIONOFEXAMPLESalping/oOviduct,tubesalpingectomyExcisionofanoviduct(輸卵管切除術(shù))uter/outerusuterinePertainingtotheuterusMetr/o,metr/iuterusmetrorrhagiaAbnormaluterinebleeding(子宮出血，崩中漏下)Hyster/outerushysteroscopyEndoscopicexaminationoftheuterus(子宮鏡監(jiān)察術(shù))Cervic/oCervix,neckendocervicalPertainingtotheliningofcervixVagin/ovaginavaginoplastyPlasticrepairofthevagina(陰道成形術(shù))Colp/ovagina