任務(wù)7金三句——解“詞句猜測題”猜測畫線詞/短語/句子的意思是高考閱讀理解的必考題型，這類題目要求考生猜測文章中某個單詞、短語甚至句子的(隱藏)含義以及代詞的指代對象。近幾年高考詞句猜測題的考查數(shù)量比較穩(wěn)定，其中以考查畫線短語的含義、生僻超綱詞的含義、課標(biāo)詞(及其派生詞)在特定語境中的陌生含義為主。雖然每年高考閱讀理解中該類題目數(shù)量不多(每套卷1－2道)，卻是考生失分的重災(zāi)區(qū)之一。下表是2022—2024年全國命題詞句猜測題考查情況統(tǒng)計：考點(diǎn)考查頻次202420232022猜測短語(句子)含義[8道]3道[shinethrough，Inthewronghands，take...upanotch]2道[relateto，adabhand]3道[embarkon，hithomeforme，taketheplunge]猜測生詞含義[1道]0道1道[declutter]0道猜測熟詞語境義[2道]0道1道[conversation]1道[maintenance]猜測代詞指代義[1道]0道0道1道[something]一、“金三句”解讀1．猜測詞所在句：從近幾年高考來看，猜測詞所在句往往很長，信息量大，是猜測詞義的最關(guān)鍵句。2．猜測詞的前后句：如果猜測詞所在句信息量不足，其前一句和后一句往往為猜測詞義提供關(guān)鍵信息。如果是代詞指代題，則只關(guān)注前一句或者前兩句即可。3．最后根據(jù)上下文語境、邏輯關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法等解題。二、“金三句”解題技巧技巧1利用邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義閱讀理解語篇是按照一定的邏輯關(guān)系展開的，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可以粗略地推斷出生詞詞義，對猜測詞義幫助較大的邏輯關(guān)系有反義、同義和因果等。答題時要留意邏輯關(guān)系詞，分析句子間的邏輯關(guān)系。真題示例2023·新高考Ⅱ卷閱讀CInthis“bookofbooks，”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool，withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume，deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago，buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto．30．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A．Understand. B．Paint.C．Seize. D．Transform.【圖解技巧】【解題分析】依據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的but可判斷，畫線詞所在分句與上一分句形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago”可知，這些場景可能是數(shù)百年前繪制的，但它們記錄了我們能理解的時刻。故選A。技法2利用解釋關(guān)系猜測詞義在做閱讀理解題目時，利用解釋關(guān)系猜測詞義是一種快速有效的方法之一。答題時要關(guān)注定義、舉例、定語從句、同位語從句等語法手段，以及表示解釋性的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號。真題示例2024·新高考Ⅱ卷閱讀DGiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades'professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.32．Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.B．Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C．Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.D．Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.【圖解技巧】【解題分析】Inthewronghands后的“suchabookcouldotheunderstandable”和下一句“Shewritesfrom...willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.”都是對Inthewronghands的進(jìn)一步解釋說明。由語境可知，坎貝爾撰寫的這本書是通俗易懂的，如果別人寫這本書的話可能就不是這樣了，推測劃線短語表示“如果是由能力較差的人寫的”。故選C。技法3利用構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義利用構(gòu)詞法不用閱讀上下文便能夠猜出詞義，然后再結(jié)合語境猜測，這樣事半功倍，而且具有雙重保險，大大提高了解題效率和正確率。所以建議考生在做題時，遇到可以利用構(gòu)詞法的，一定先利用構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合語境解題。真題示例2023·新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism，includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks，andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou....Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter．Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A．Clear-up. B．Add-on.C．Check-in. D．Take-over.【圖解技巧】【解題分析】觀察單詞declutter含有前綴de-，前綴de-表示“除去”“取消”“離開”以及“否定”“非”等意思。結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“stepawayfrom”可知，畫線詞表示“清除，清理”，A項含義與畫線詞含義相近。故選A。技法4利用“就近原則法”解代詞指代題代詞指代題常出現(xiàn)在人物或事物變換多、動作轉(zhuǎn)換頻繁的語境中，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)語境判斷人稱代詞、不定代詞或指示代詞的指代對象。解答這類題目的時候，可以利用就近原則，結(jié)合語境找出語意相關(guān)的名詞、詞組或句子等。真題示例2024·浙江1月卷閱讀BWhenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”．24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Theplay.B．Thesharedhouse.C．Thesofa.D．Thetelephonebox.【圖解技巧】【解題分析】根據(jù)代詞指代的特點(diǎn)，順著畫線詞往前找。由上一句“Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.”可知，此處是指使“我”的合租房看起來更“年輕專業(yè)”一點(diǎn)，所以it代指“mytinyoldsharedhouse(我的小舊合租房)”。故選B。A(2025·太原高三模擬)Pickupanypackagedprocessedfood，andthere'sadecentchancethatoneofitslistedingredientswillbethe“naturalflavor”．Theingredientsoundsgood，particularlyincontrastto“artificialflavors”．Butwhatexactlydoesthenaturalflavormean？Itreferstoextracts(提取物)gotfromnaturalsourceslikeplants，meatorseafood.Whenconsumersseethe“naturalflavor”onalabel，theyareunlikelytoassumethatsomeoneissqueezingthejuicefromorangesintotheirbottles.Theyknoweventhoughnaturalflavorsmustcomefromnaturalsources，itneedn'tallcomefromtheplantormeat.Forexample，orangeflavorsmightcontainnotonlyorangeextracts，butalsoextractsfrombarkandgrass.Noristhecommonbelieftruethatingredientsextractedfromnaturearenecessarilysaferthansomethingartificiallymade.Soifflavorslikeorangeareneeded，whynotjustuseoranges？Theanswercomesdownto“availability，costandsustainability”，accordingtoflavorchemistGaryReinecciusoftheUniversityofMinnesota.“Ifyou'regoingtouseallyourgrapesongrapesoda，”Reinecciussays，“youdon'thaveanygrapesforwinemaking；theproductsaregoingtobeexorbitant；besides，whatdoyoudowiththeby-productsyoucreateafteryou'vesqueezedallthejuiceoutofthegrapes？”Actually，whilechemistsmakenaturalflavorsbyextractingchemicalsfromnaturalingredients,artificialflavorsaremadebycreatingthesamechemicalsartificially.Thereasonwhycompaniesbothertousenaturalflavorsratherthanartificialflavorsissimple：marketing.“Manyoftheseproductshavehealthtitles，”saysPlatkin，professorfromHunterCollege.“Consumersmaybetalkedtobelieveproductswithnaturalflavorsarehealthier，thoughthey'renutritionallynodifferentfromthosewithartificialflavors.Naturalflavorsmayinvolvemoreforestclear-cuttingandcarbonemissionsfromtransportthanflavorscreatedinthelab.”Platkinsuggestsgettingmoretransparentlabelingonpackagingthatdescribesexactlywhatthenaturalorartificialflavorsare，soconsumersarenotmisledintobuyingoneproductoveranotherbecauseof“naturalflavors”．Reinecciusalsoofferssomesimpleguidance：“Don'tbuyanythingbecauseitsays‘naturalflavors’．Buyitbecauseyoulikeit.”1．Whichisamisunderstandingaboutthe“naturalflavor”juiceaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Itcomesfrom100%originalfruit.B．Itisnothingbutadvertisingtricks.C．Itcertainlycontainsextractsmadeinthelab.D．Itisabsolutelysaferthanjuicewithartificialflavors.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exorbitant”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Popular. B．Expensive.C．Durable. D．Innovative.3．Whydocompaniesusenaturalflavorsintheirproducts?A．Tocutthecosts.B．Topromotethesales.C．Toadvocateahealthydiet.D．Toavoidfoodsafetyissues.4．Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A．GaryandPlatkinholdoppositeperspectives.B．Naturalflavorsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendly.C．Customersaremisledforignoringlabelsonpackaging.D．Naturalandartificialflavorsaremorealikethanyouthink.B(2025·沈陽高三質(zhì)檢)InmywholelifeIwasfrightenedbydoctors.SowhenIrecentlylaunchedaseriesofwritingandpublishingcourses,Iwasshockedtofindamongmystudentsseveralphysicians,thesameprofessionasmyfather.Andtheyallwantedtobewriters.Wheneversomeonementionedtheirmedicalbackground,I'dthinkIhadtocallDadtotellhim,butIcouldn't.RaisedupinabigMichiganfamilywiththreebrilliantloudsciencebrainbrothers,I'dalwaysfeltleftoutbytheirDiseaseGameatdinner,whereDadthrewoutcasesforthemtodiagnose.Ourhousewastheirlaboratory.Iwasfrequentlyscaredbybeesinjarsintherefrigeratorandpetrats.GettingtostudymedicinewasalwaysDad'sdream,soheencouragedtheboystofollowinhisfootsteps.ButInevertrulysettleddown,chasingmydreamforliteraryhereandthere.Myfatheropposedmyliberalism.IwasoverjoyedwhenRandomHousepublishedmyhumorousmemoirs(回憶錄)aboutmypastaddictions.Myfatherwasn'tsojoyful.“You'rebringingdisgraceonourfamily，”hesnapped.At87,whenmyfatherwasadmittedtohospitalwithheartandkidneyfailure,wehadarareafternoonalone.Sittingbyhisbed,Iapologizedfortakingsolongtofigureoutmylife.“Ihavealotofregrets，”hesaid.“Ittookmetoolongtomakeadecentliving,screwingupjobsbecauseofmybullheadednessandbigmouth.”IwasnervouswhenhisphysicianOlafemailedme,butitwasn'tbadnews.“Yourdadsaysyou'reaprofessorwhohelpspeoplepublish.Couldyouhelpme？”heasked.“WhatdidyoutellOlafaboutme？”IquestionedDadthatnight,stillsurprised.“Thatyoustucktoyourgunsandbecameasuccess，”hesaid.“Whydidn'tyouevertellmethat？”“I'mtellingyounow，”hesaid.HewaspleasedwhenIhelpedOlafpublishhisfirstmagazinepiece.IwishDadwereheresoIcouldsharethelateststoriesofmyphysicianstudents.ButIlosthimfouryearsago.Inaway,hestillishere,asIchanneleverythinghetaughtmeabouthardwork,andnevergivingupdoingwhatyoulove.5．Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'sbrothers?A．Theyusedtomakeloudnoise.B．Theywereaddictedtoplayinggames.C．Theywereinterestedinmedicine.D．Theydistancedtheauthoronpurpose.6．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“screwingup”probablymean?A．Takingover. B．Focusingon.C．Contributingto. D．Messingup.7．WhydidDadrecommendtheauthortoOlaf?A．TohelpOlafpublisharticles.B．Todiscusshisphysicalcondition.C．Topromotetheauthor'scourses.D．Tosharetheauthor'smemoirs.8．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor'sdad?A．Enthusiasticbutdishonest.B．Modestbutdemanding.C．Conservativebutloving.D．Helpfulbutselfish.參考答案：[語篇解讀]本文是議論文，主要介紹了人們在購物的時候往往會選擇天然香精而不是人造香精，認(rèn)為天然香精一定比人造香精要好?？墒菍＜医ㄗh消費(fèi)者不要被天然香精所誤導(dǎo)，要去買自己喜歡的。1.D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Pickupanypackagedprocessedfood...Theingredientsoundsgood，particularlyincontrastto‘a(chǎn)rtificialflavors’”可知，消費(fèi)者在看食物成分表的時候，看到含有天然香精字樣時會認(rèn)為食品好，尤其是和人造香精對比。再根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Noristhecommonbelieftruethatingredientsextractedfromnaturearenecessarilysaferthansomethingartificiallymade”可知，大家認(rèn)為天然香精一定比人造香精要安全，這不是真的。故選D項。A項“天然香精來自100%的天然水果”；B項“它只是廣告的手段”；C項“它肯定含有在實驗室里的提取物”；D項“它肯定要比添加人造香精的果汁更安全”。]2.B[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在段中的“Theanswercomesdownto‘a(chǎn)vailability，costandsustainability’”可知，原因分為三個部分。本段中“youdon'thaveanygrapesforwinemaking；”對應(yīng)的是“availability”；“theproductsaregoingtobeexorbitant；”對應(yīng)的是“cost”；“whatdoyoudowiththeby-products...thegrapes？”對應(yīng)的是“sustainability”。只有B項可以說明成本。durable“耐用的，持久的”；innovative“創(chuàng)新的”。]3.B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thereasonwhycompaniesbothertousenaturalflavorsratherthanartificialflavorsissimple：marketing”可知，公司使用天然香精是為了營銷。故選B項?！癟opromotethesales”是marketing的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。]4.D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Consumersmaybetalkedtobelieveproductswithnaturalflavorsarehealthier，thoughthey'renutritionallynodifferentfromthosewitha