主題素養(yǎng)練（二十四）Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共8小題，每小題2.5分，共20分)Aeq\a\vs4\al([新選材：社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)——全球變暖])ResearchersatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchanalyzedhistoricalfoodpricesacrossvariousfoodcategoriesandcountriesglobally,lookingattheimpactofclimaticchangeonfoodinflation(通貨膨脹)andthepotentialimplicationsoffutureclimatechange.Theyfoundthatannualfoodinflationwillriseby3.2percentperyearandoverallinflationby1.18percentperyearby2035.Andallnationswillbeimpacted,whilehotregionsandsummerswillseethemostsignificantconsequences.“Lookingatover27,000observationsofhistoricaldata,wefoundthatincreasesintemperaturescanincreasefoodprices,particularlyinhotregionsandseasons，”saidMaxKotz,aco-authorofthestudy.“Underfutureclimateconditions,theseimpactscouldbecomelarge,threateningthepricestabilitycommandsofcentralbankssuchastheECB(EuropeanCentralBank),whichaimstokeepinflationbelow2percent.”Thereporthighlightedhowrisingorunstablepricesendangerhumanwelfareandeconomicandpoliticalstability,pointingtoUnitedNationsdatashowingthatthecost-of-livingcrisisin2021/22resultedin71millionmorepeoplefallingintopovertyglobally.Thestudyfoundthatincreasesintemperatures,particularlyinhotregionsandduringsummers,leadtoheightenedinflationlevels,whicharemorepronouncedinlowerlatitudes(緯度地區(qū))likeAfricaandSouthAmerica.Regionsathigherlatitudesexperienceseasonalpeaks,mostlyinthesummermonths.Datashoweda1℃riseinaveragemonthlytemperaturesaffectspricesfornearlyayear,similarlytoextrarainfall.However,priceimpactsresultingfromextremedroughtareonlytemporary.ResearchersexaminedtheextremelyhotEuropeansummerof2022,whenheatanddroughthadfar-reachingeffectsonagricultureandtheeconomy.“Weestimatethatthe2022summerheatextremeincreasedfoodinflationinEuropebyabout0.6percent，”saidKotz.Researchersclaimedthatfuturewarmingprojectedfor2035wouldmultiplytheimpactsofsuchextremesbyupto50percent.Theseeffectsareparticularlyrelevantforcurrencyunionswitha2percentinflationtarget,suchastheEurozone,andwillcontinuetoincreasewithfutureglobalwarming.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是說明文。研究人員通過分析全球不同食品類別和國(guó)家的歷史食品價(jià)格，研究氣候變化對(duì)食品通脹的影響以及未來氣候變化的潛在影響。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)氣溫升高會(huì)推高食品價(jià)格，尤其是在炎熱地區(qū)和季節(jié)。1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Naturalconsequencesofclimatechange.B．Thelinkbetweenfoodpricesandclimate.C．Foodpricesinhotregionsduringsummers.D．Theimpactoffoodinflationonfoodprices.B[主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，研究人員在研究氣候變化對(duì)食品通脹的影響以及未來氣候變化的潛在影響，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)到2035年，食品年通脹率將以每年3.2%的速度上升，總體通脹率將以每年1.18%的速度上升，所有國(guó)家都將受到影響，而炎熱地區(qū)和夏季將面臨最嚴(yán)重的后果。再結(jié)合第二段的“wefoundthatincreasesintemperaturescanincreasefoodprices,particularlyinhotregionsandseasons”可知，食品通脹表示食品價(jià)格升高，所以第一段揭示的是食品價(jià)格和氣候之間的關(guān)系，故選B。A項(xiàng)“氣候變化的自然后果”；C項(xiàng)“夏季炎熱地區(qū)的食品價(jià)格”；D項(xiàng)“食品通脹對(duì)食品價(jià)格的影響”。]2．Whatmighttherisingpricesleadtoaccordingtotheresearchers'report?A．Massivepoverty. B．Humanwelfare.C．Environmentalcrisis. D．Economicstability.A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thereporthighlightedhowrisingorunstablepricesendangerhumanwelfareandeconomicandpoliticalstability...thecost-of-livingcrisisin2021/22resultedin71millionmorepeoplefallingintopovertyglobally”可知，報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)了價(jià)格上漲或不穩(wěn)定如何危及人類福祉以及經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治穩(wěn)定，指出聯(lián)合國(guó)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2021/22年的生活成本危機(jī)導(dǎo)致全球7100多萬(wàn)人陷入貧困。由此可知，持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的價(jià)格可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模貧困，故選A。]3．WhyistheEuropeansummerof2022mentionedinParagraph4?A．Togiveanexampleoftheresearchfindings.B．Toprovidereasonsfortheresearchers'doubt.C．Toshowpracticalsignificanceoftheresearch.D．Tostateresearchers'methodsfordataanalysis.A[推理判斷題。第四段前兩句講數(shù)據(jù)顯示，月平均氣溫上升1℃對(duì)價(jià)格的影響將持續(xù)近一年，而極端干旱對(duì)價(jià)格的影響只是暫時(shí)的。接著文章列舉了研究人員調(diào)查了2022年歐洲極端炎熱的夏季，當(dāng)時(shí)炎熱和干旱對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。由此可推知，文章提及2022年歐洲的夏季是為了給研究發(fā)現(xiàn)提供一個(gè)例子，說明研究結(jié)論是正確的，故選A。B項(xiàng)“為研究者的懷疑提供理由”；C項(xiàng)“為顯示研究的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義”；D項(xiàng)“為說明研究人員的數(shù)據(jù)分析方法”。]4．Whatistheresearchers'attitudetowardfoodinflation?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful. D．Concerned.D[觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)氣溫升高會(huì)導(dǎo)致全球食品通脹，從而危及人類福祉，威脅經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的穩(wěn)定，且這些影響將隨著未來全球變暖而繼續(xù)增強(qiáng)。由此可推出，研究人員對(duì)食品通脹是非常關(guān)注且擔(dān)憂的，故選D。]B(2025·惠州市高三第二次調(diào)研考試試題)Traditionalmicro-robotsoftenfacelimitationsduetotheirpowersources,butarecentlydevelopedinsect-sizedrobotpoweredbytinyexplosionshasdemonstratedtheabilitytoclimb,jump,andcarryloadsmanytimesitsownweight.Therobot,mainlydevelopedbymaterialsengineerRobertF.ShepherdatCornellUniversityinNewYork,alongwithhisPh.D.studentCameronAubin,ispoweredbytinyactuators(制動(dòng)器).“Theactuatorlookslikeadrum.It'sanemptycylinderwithstretchyrubberonthetop，”saidAubin.Theresearchersemployedfouractuatorstodrivetherobot'sfeet.Tomaketherobotjumporclimb,astreamofmethane(甲烷)andoxygenwasfedintoeachfootandsparked(點(diǎn)燃)withelectricityfromabattery.Theresultingreactionbetweenthegasesreleasedenergyasasmallexplosion,causingtherubbertochangeitsform.Shepherdnotedthatthetinyexplosionshappenedsoquicklythattheydidn'tdamagetherubber.Buttheyprovidedconsiderablepropulsion:therobotcouldjumptoaheightof56centimetersandcarryaload22timesitsownweight.“Thisteamhasbroughtchemicallypoweredactuationtoimpressiverangesforroboticswhilealsodemonstratingimpressivecapabilitiesforinsect-sizemachines，”saidRyanTruby,amaterialsscientistatNorthwesternUniversityinIllinois.Robotsthataresmallandlightbutstrongandabletocoverlargedistancescouldonedaybeusedinenvironmentalmonitoringorsearch-and-rescueapplications.AndtherobotbuiltbyAubinandShepherd,describedinapaperpublishedinScience,wouldneedfurtherdevelopmentforuseinthefield.“Atthemoment,itneedstobeconnectedtoapanelthatcontainsthegassupplyandabattery,alimitationthatpresentsachallenge.Comingupwithwaystoburnfuelsonawirelessrobotisnoteasy，”saidTruby.“Thisisthenextbigchallengetoaddress.”[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是說明文。本文主要介紹了一款最近研發(fā)的昆蟲機(jī)器人利用微型爆炸，引起橡膠形變，從而驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)器人攀爬、跳躍和負(fù)載數(shù)倍于自身重量的物體，但目前還需要解決如何在無(wú)線機(jī)器人上點(diǎn)燃燃料的問題。5．Whydoestherecentlydevelopedinsect-sizedrobotstandout?A．Itisextremelytinyandlight.B．Itisequippedwithadrum.C．Itisextremelyswiftandquick.D．Itisdrivenbyexplosiveforce.D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容，尤其是“arecentlydevelopedinsect-sizedrobotpoweredbytinyexplosions”可知，傳統(tǒng)的微型機(jī)器人常常因其動(dòng)力來源而受到限制，但最近研發(fā)的由微型爆炸驅(qū)動(dòng)的昆蟲大小的機(jī)器人已經(jīng)證明了攀爬、跳躍和負(fù)載數(shù)倍于自身重量的物體的能力。由此可知，最近研發(fā)的昆蟲機(jī)器人的出色之處是利用微型爆炸作為能量驅(qū)動(dòng)。故選D。]6．Whathappenswhenthemethaneandoxygenaresparked?A．Thereactioncreatesamixtureofgastodrivetherobot.B．Thereactiongeneratesheatthatischangedintomovement.C．Thereactiontransformsthestretchyrubbertodrivetherobot.D．Thereactionprovideselectricitythatischangedintomovement.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Tomaketherobotjumporclimb...causingtherubbertochangeitsform”可知，研究人員將一股甲烷和氧氣流注入機(jī)器人的每只腳，電池的電流將其點(diǎn)燃，發(fā)生微型爆炸，導(dǎo)致橡膠形變，從而驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)器人，讓其跳躍或攀爬。故選C。A項(xiàng)“反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生一種氣體混合物來驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)器人”；B項(xiàng)“反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生熱量，熱量被轉(zhuǎn)化為運(yùn)動(dòng)”；D項(xiàng)“反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生電，電被轉(zhuǎn)化為運(yùn)動(dòng)”。]7．Whatdoes“propulsion”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Abilitytomove.B．Possibilitytodevelop.C．Forcetopushthings.D．Electricitytosparkgases.C[詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“therobotcouldjumptoaheightof56centimetersandcarryaload22timesitsownweight”可知，微型爆炸驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)器人可以跳到56厘米的高度，攜帶的載荷是自身重量的22倍，由此可知，微型爆炸是一種推進(jìn)力，故選C。]8．HowcanAubinandShepherdmakeadvancementintherobottheybuilt?A．Theycanusemoreactuatorstoprovidelargerpower.B．Theycandesignprogramstocontroltherobotefficiently.C．Theycanworkonmethodstoenablewirelessenergyproduction.D．Theycanconnecttherobottoapanelcontainingthegassupplyandabattery.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Atthemoment,itneedstobeconnectedtoapanel...Comingupwithwaystoburnfuelsonawirelessrobotisnoteasy”可知，目前，這款昆蟲機(jī)器人需要連接到一個(gè)包含氣體供應(yīng)和電池的面板上，這是它的局限之處，而想出在無(wú)線機(jī)器人上點(diǎn)燃燃料的方法并不容易。由此可知，Aubin和Shepherd可以研究無(wú)線能源生產(chǎn)的方法來改進(jìn)機(jī)器人，故選C。A項(xiàng)“他們可以使用更多的制動(dòng)器來提供更大的動(dòng)力”；B項(xiàng)“他們可以設(shè)計(jì)程序來高效地控制機(jī)器人”；D項(xiàng)“他們可以將機(jī)器人連接到一個(gè)包含氣體供應(yīng)和電池的面板上”。]Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小題，每小題1分，共15分)(2025·惠州市高三第二次調(diào)研)AsateenagergrowingupinGreatBritain,LolaAndersonwasinspiredbytherowingeventsatthe2012LondonOlympics.Movedbytheathletes'strengthanddetermination,shedecidedto1thesportherself.Inherdiary,sheexpressedherdreamofwinninganOlympicgoldmedalinrowing.Butembarrassedbyher2dream,Lolatoreoutthediarypage.“IthrewthatawaybecauseIdidn'tbelieve，”Anderson3．“Iwas14then,sowhywouldIbelieve?Younggirlsstruggletoseethemselvesasstrong,athleticindividuals,butthat's4now.”Despiteherinitial5，Andersonpursuedrowingwithherfather'ssupport.In2019,asDonAnderson6cancer,hepresentedLolawitha7．Heheldouthishandand8thepageshehadtornfromherdiaryyearsearlier.Donhadfounditinthetrashcan(垃圾桶)andkeptit,9shewouldneeditoneday.Don10monthslater,buthisfaithinhisdaughter'sdreamremained.Hispredictivegesture11onWednesdaywhenAndersoncompetedinherfirstOlympicGamesaspartofthewomen'squadruplesculls(四人雙槳)rowingteam.Herteam12thegoldmedalbymere0.15seconds.Aftertherace,Andersonreflectedonherfather'sfirmsupport.“It'sapieceofpaper,butit'sthemostvaluablethingIhave，”shesaid,“maybejointlywiththe13now.”LolaAnderson's14fromaself-doubtingteenagertoanOlympicchampionservesas15ofthepowerofdreamsandthelastingimpactofafather'slove.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是記敘文。文章描述了LolaAnderson受到奧運(yùn)賽艇項(xiàng)目的激勵(lì)，開始追逐運(yùn)動(dòng)夢(mèng)想并最終實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的過程。A．takeup B．lookintoC．liveupon D．fightforA[上文提到Lola受到了賽艇項(xiàng)目的激勵(lì)，并且被運(yùn)動(dòng)員的毅力和決心感動(dòng)了，結(jié)合下文中提到的她在父親的支持下開始劃艇運(yùn)動(dòng)可以推測(cè)，她決定開始做這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，故選A。takeup“開始做，開始從事”；lookinto“調(diào)查”；liveupon“靠……生活”；fightfor“為……而奮斗”。]A．greedy B．a(chǎn)chievableC．shallow D．wildD[下文提到Lola撕掉了那頁(yè)日記，因?yàn)樗幌嘈抛约旱膲?mèng)想，所以可以推測(cè)，她覺得自己的夢(mèng)想是不切實(shí)際的，故選D。wild“不切實(shí)際的，異想天開的，不合常理的”。greedy“貪婪的”；achievable“可以完成的，可達(dá)到的”；shallow“膚淺的”。]A．imagined B．regrettedC．a(chǎn)dded D．recalledD[根據(jù)下文中的“Iwas14then...butthat's4now”可知，空后Lola提到了當(dāng)時(shí)的情況，所以推斷這里是Lola在回憶(recalled)撕掉那頁(yè)日記這件事，故選D。imagine“想象”；regret“后悔”；add“補(bǔ)充說”。]A．changing B．strengtheningC．worsening D．speedingA[上文中Lola提到年輕女孩們很難將自己看作強(qiáng)壯的運(yùn)動(dòng)型個(gè)體，再根據(jù)空前的but可知，這里與上文內(nèi)容之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，即現(xiàn)在這種情況正在發(fā)生改變(changing)，故選A。strengthen“增強(qiáng)”；worsen“惡化”；speed“加快”。]A．resolution B．doubtC．confidence D．worryB[根據(jù)Despite以及上文提到的Lola撕掉那頁(yè)寫了自己夢(mèng)想的日記并且不相信自己的夢(mèng)想可知，她起初對(duì)自己的夢(mèng)想是懷疑、不確定的，盡管如此，她還是在父親的支持下開始了劃艇運(yùn)動(dòng)，故選B(doubt“懷疑”)。resolution“決心”；confidence“信心”；worry“擔(dān)憂”。]A．studied B．battledC．defeated D．preventedB[根據(jù)下文中的“buthisfaithinhisdaughter'sdreamremained”(但是他對(duì)女兒夢(mèng)想的信心并沒有消逝)并結(jié)合常識(shí)可以推測(cè)，Lola的父親當(dāng)時(shí)正在與癌癥抗?fàn)?battled)，故選B。defeat“打敗”；prevent“阻止，防止”。]A．wish B．blowC．promise D．surpriseD[根據(jù)下文中的“thepageshehadtornfromherdiary”和“Dadhadfounditinthetrashcan(垃圾桶)andkeptit”可知，父親在垃圾桶里發(fā)現(xiàn)了那頁(yè)日記并保存了下來，所以應(yīng)該是給了Lola一個(gè)驚喜(surprise)，故選D。wish“愿望”；blow“打擊”；promise“承諾”。]A．threw B．revealedC．folded D．releasedB[根據(jù)下文可知，父親在垃圾桶里發(fā)現(xiàn)了那頁(yè)日記，這里是說他向Lola展示了(revealed)它，故選B。throw“扔”；fold“折疊”；release“放開，松開”。]A．a(chǎn)dvocating B．provingC．feeling D．wonderingC[根據(jù)上文可知，父親發(fā)現(xiàn)并保存了Lola