雅思（閱讀）模擬試卷10（共6套）

（共239題）

雅思（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、綜合題（本題共40題，每題1.0分，共40分。）

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-14whicharebasedonReading

Passage1below.FootPedalIrrigationAUntilnow,governmentsanddevelopment

agencieshavetriedtotackletheproblemthroughlarge-scaleprojects:giganticdams,

sprawlingirrigationcanalsandvastnewfieldsofhigh-yieldcropsintroducedduringthe

GreenRevolution,thefamouscampaigntoincreasegrainharvestsindevelopingnations.

Traditionalirrigation,however,hasdegradedthesoilinmanyareas,andthereservoirs

behinddarnscanquicklyfillupwithsilt,reducingtheirstoragecapacityanddepriving

downstreamfarmersoffertilesediments.Furthermore,althoughtheGreenRevolution

hasgreatlyexpandedworldwidefarmproductionsince1950,povertystubbornlypersists

inAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica.Continuedimprovementsintheproductivityoflarge

farmsmayplaythemainroleinboostingfoodsupply,butlocaleffortstoprovidecheap,

individualirrigationsystemstosmallfarmsmayofferabetterwaytoliftpeopleoutof

poverty.BTheGreenRevolutionwasdesignedtoincreasetheoverallfoodsupply,notto

raisetheincomesoftheruralpoor,soitshouldbenosurprisethatitdidnoteradicate

povertyorhunger.India,forexample,hasbeenself-sufficientinfoodfor15years,and

itsgranariesarefull,butmorethan200millionIndians—onefifthofthecountry's

population—aremalnourishedbecausetheycannotaffordthefoodtheyneedand

becausethecountry'ssafetynetsarcdeficient.In2000,189nationscommittedtothe

MillenniumDevelopmentGoals,whichcalledforcuttingworldpovertyinhalfby2015.

Withbusinessasusual,however,wehaveliltlehopeofachievingmostofthe

Millenniumgoals,nomailerhowmuchmoneyrichcountriescontributetopoorones.C

Thesupply-drivenstrategiesoftheGreenRevolution,however,maynothelpsubsistence

farmers,whomustplaytotheirstrengthstocompeteintheglobalmarketplace.The

averagesizeofafamilyfarmislessthanfouracresinIndia,1.8acresinBangladeshand

abouthalfanacreinChina.Combinesandothermodernfanningtoolsarctooexpensive

tobeusedonsuchsmallareas.AnIndianfarmersellingsurpluswheatgrownonhisonc-

acreplotcouldnotpossiblycompetewiththehighlyefficientandsubsidisedCanadian

wheatfarmsthattypicallystretchoverthousandsofacres.Insteadsubsistencefarmers

shouldexploitthefactthattheirlabourcostsarethelowestintheworld,givingthema

comparativeadvantageingrowingandsellinghigh-value,intenselyfarmedcrops.DPaul

Polaksawfirsthandtheneedforasmall-scalestrategyin1981whenhemetAbdul

Rahman,afarmerintheNoakhalidistrictofBangladesh.Fromhisthreequarter-acre

plotsofrain-fedricefields,Abdulcouldgrowonly700kilogramsofriceeachyear

300kilogramslessthanwhatheneededtofeedhisfamily.Duringthethreemonths

beforetheOctoberriceharvestcamein,Abdulandhiswifehadtowatchsilentlywhile

theirthreechildrensurvivedononemealadayorless.AsPolakwalkedwithhim

throughthescatteredfieldshehadinheritedfromhisfather,Polakaskedwhatheneeded

tomoveoutofpoverty.'Controlofwaterformycrops,'hesaid,'atapriceIcanafford*.E

SoonPolaklearnedaboutasimpledevicethatcouldhelpAbdulachievehisgoal:the

treadlepump.Developedinthelate1970sbyNorwegianengineerGunnarBarnes,the

pumpisoperatedbyapersonwalkinginplaceonapairoftreadlesandtwohandlearms

madeofbamboo.Properlyadjustedandmaintained,itcanbeoperatedseveralhoursa

daywithouttiringtheusers.Eachtreadlepumphastwocylinderswhicharemadeof

engineeringplastic.Thediameterofacylinderis100.5mmandtheheightis280mm.

Thepumpiscapableofworkinguptoamaximumdepthof7metres.Operationbeyond7

metersisnotrecommendedtopreservetheintegrityoftherubbercomponents.Thepump

mechanismhaspistonandfootvalveassemblies.Thetreadleactioncreatesalternate

strokesinthetwopistonsthatliftthewaterinpulses.FThehuman-poweredpumpcan

irrigatehalfanacreofvegetablesandcostsonly$25(includingtheexpenseofdrillinga

lubewelldowntothegroundwater).Abdulheardaboutthetreadlepumpfromacousin

andwasoneofthefirstfarmersinBangladeshtobuyone.Heborrowedthe$25froman

uncleandeasilyrepaidtheloanfourmonthslater.Duringthefive-monthdryseason,

whenBangladeshistypicallyfarmverylittle,Abdulusedthetreadlepumptogrowa

quarter-acreofchillipeppers,tomatoes,cabbageandeggplants.Healsoimprovedthe

yieldofoneofhisriceplotsbyirrigatingit.Hisfamilyatesomeofthevegetablesand

soldtherestatthevillagemarket,earninganetprofitof$100.Withhisnewincome.

Abdulwasabletobuyriceforhisfamilytoeat,keephistwosonsinschooluntilthey

were16andsetasidealittlemoneyforhisdaughter'sdowry.WhenPolakvisitedhim

againin1984,hehaddoubledthesizeofhisvegetableplotandreplacedthethatched

roofonhishousewithcorrugatedtin.Hisfamilywasraisingacalfandsomechickens.

HetoldmethatthetreadlepumpwasagiftfromGod.GBangladeshisparticularlywell

suitedforthetreadlepumpbecauseahugereservoirofgroundwaterliesjustafewmetres

belowthefarmers'feet.Intheearly1980sIDEinitiatedacampaigntomarketthepump,

encouraging75smallprivate-sectorcompaniestomanufacturethedevicesandseveral

thousandvillagedealersandtube-welldrillerstosellandinstallthem.Overthenext12

yearsoneandahalfmillionfarmfamiliespurchasedtreadlepumps,whichincreasedthe

farmers'netincomebyatotalof$150millionayear.ThecostofIDE'smarket-creation

activitieswasonly$12million,leveragedbytheinvestmentof$37,5millionfromthe

farmersthemselves.Incontrast,theexpenseofbuildingaconventionaldamandcanal

systemtoirrigateanequivalentareaoffarmlandwouldbeintherangeof$2,000per

acre,or$1.5billion.Questions1-6Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththe

informationgiveninReadingPassage1?Inboxes1-6onyouranswersheet,writeTRUE

ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationFALSEifthestatementcontradictsthe

informationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

1、Itiseasiertoresolvefoodprobleminlargescaleratherthaninsmallscale.

A、TRUE

B、FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：B

知識點解析：A段首句先指出政府和發(fā)展部門以往多依靠大型項目(large-scale

projects)解決糧食問題，但接著提到大型項目的種種弊端，如導致土壤退化、下游

缺少肥沃沉積物等。由此可見大型項目解決糧食問題的效果并不理想。最后一句則

指出，一些地方性的優(yōu)叱方案，例如為小型農(nóng)田提供便宜的、個性化的灌溉系統(tǒng)，

可能會成為一種能更好地(abetterway)幫助人們擺脫貧窮的途徑。題目表述與文章

信息相反，故本題答案為FALSE。

2、Constructionofgiganticdamscostsmoretimeindevelopingcountries.

A、TRUE

B、FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：C

知識點解析：題目中的關(guān)鍵詞giganticdams和developingcountries出現(xiàn)在A段首

句。但文章提到giganticdams只是作為large-scaleprojects的舉例，文中并沒有提

到發(fā)展中國家修建大型水壩的耗時問題。

3、GreenRevolutionfailedtoincreaseglobalcropproductionfromthemidof20th

century.

A、TRUE

B、FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)專有名詞GreenRevolution和時間點themidof20thcentury可定

位至A色倒數(shù)第二句。文章明確指出，綠色革命自20世紀中葉起，使全球農(nóng)作物

產(chǎn)量大幅提升。題目中的increasegiobalcropproduction和文中的expanded

worldwidefarmproduction是同義表達，themidof20thcentury則與1950對應。但

題目表述是failedto“不能”與文章的hasgreatlyexpanded意思相反，故本題為

FALSEo

4、AgriculturalproductioninBangladeshdeclinedinlastdecade.

A、TRUE

B、FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本題的定位關(guān)鍵是專有名詞Bangladesh。共有兩處定位句，C段第二

句提到了孟加拉家庭農(nóng)場的耕種規(guī)模(averagesizeofafamilyfarmis...l.8acresin

Bangladesh),D段首句提到阿卜杜勒是來自孟加拉的農(nóng)民(AbdulRahman,afarmer

intheNoakhalidistrictofBangladesh)<>兩處均未出現(xiàn)與農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量(Agricultural

production)有關(guān)的信息，故本題答案為NOTGIVENo

5、FarmerAbdulRahmanknewhowtoincreaseproductionhimselfatthebeginning.

A、TRUE

B、FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：A

知識點解析：D段最后一句提到，AbdulRahman知道怎樣才能擺脫貧窮：以他可

承受得起的成本來控制灌溉農(nóng)作物的水。根據(jù)上文可知這里的擺脫貧窮(moveout

ofpoverty)意味著他要提高農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量(increaseproduction),因此題目表述與文章

信息一致，答案為TRUE。

6、SmallpumpspreadintobigprojectinBangladeshinthefollowingdecadeafterIDE's

campaign.

A、TRUE

B、FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：A

知識點解析：有關(guān)IDE,scampaign的信息出現(xiàn)在G段。第二句提到，IDE在1980

年代發(fā)起了一個campaign推行pump(實際指代ireadlepump,即對應題目的small

pump),這使得在接下來的12年，孟加拉有150萬的農(nóng)戶購買了腳踏泵，購買人

數(shù)的劇增可說明這已成為一個大項目(bigprojecl),故本題答案為TRUE。

Labelthediagrambelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORA

NUMBERfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Afannercanuseitfor7

withoutrest

Handlesofpump'smaterials

is8

PULLEYS

TREADLES

Two9Footvalvesand

aremadeof11

plasticswhichconnects

VALVEBOXpumpmechanism

Treadlepumpcancangenerate

extractwaterwaterpulse

underneathupto

10metres

7、

標準答案:severalhours

知識點解析：暫無解析

8、

標準答案：bamboo

知識點解析：暫無解析

9、

標準答案：cylinders

知識點解析：暫無解析

10、

標準答案：7/seven

知識點解析：暫無解析

11、

標準答案：piston

知識點解析：暫無解析

Answerthequestionsbelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORA

NUMBERfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes12-14onyour

answersheet.

12、Howlargecanatreadlepumpirrigatethefieldaccordingtothepassage?

標準答案：halfanacre

知識點解析：本題詢問腳踏泵的灌溉面積，與腳踏泵的功能有關(guān)，故定位應該在E

段的構(gòu)造介紹之后。F段首句明確提到，灌溉面積是halfanacre。

13、WhatisAbduPsnewroofmadeof?

標準答案:corrugatedtin

知識點解析：F段提到Abdul'snewroof時，用的是replaceAwithB的結(jié)構(gòu)，意思

是“用B來替換A”或“把A替換成B”，故Abdul的屋頂是由thatched換成了

corrugatedtin。

14^HowmuchdidBangladeshfarmersinvestunderIDE'sstimulation?

標準答案：$37.5million

知識點解析：文章提到，IDE開拓市場的活動花費是從農(nóng)民自身投資的3750萬美

元里借貸過來的。其中farmers是原詞重現(xiàn)，invest與investment相對應，故答案為

$37.5milliono

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions15-26whicharebasedonReading

Passage2below.AustraliaandtheGreatWar,1914—1918Australia'sroleintheFirst

WorldWar,ortheGreatWarasitwasknownuntil1939,iscentraltothedevelopmentof

modernAustralia'svisionofitselfintheworld.Inmanywaysithasservedtocreatewhat

isinsomewaysasecondfoundingofthenationintheGallipolicampaignandonthe

battlefieldsofFranceandBelgium.TheinfluenceofthewarexperienceintheFirst,and

SecondWorldWarisevidentinthewayinwhichAustraliaNewZealandArmyCorps

(Anzac)dayis,perhapsevenmorethanAustraliaday,thecountry'snationalday.When

thewarbrokeoutin1914,itwasacertaintythat,becauseoflongstandingeconomic,

familyanddefenceties,Australia,alongwithNewZealand,wouldstandalongside

Britain.ThethenPrimeMinisterAndrewFisherwasquicktopledgethecountry's

supporttothelastman,thelastshilling'.ThiswasnoidlepromiseandAustraliapaida

highpricefortheirloyaltytotheircolonisers.Fromapre-warpopulationof5m,417,000

enlistedinthearmedforces,ofwhich324,000servedabroad.Bytheendofthewar,

Australiahadlost60,000deadand155,000menhadbeenwounded.Theeconomicprice

wasalsohigh.Thenationaldebt,whichhadstoodat￡6min1914,was￡325mbythe

endofthewar.ItispossiblethatthefirstshotofthewarwasfiredinAustralia,whena

shotwasfiredacrossthebowoftheGermanmerchantshipPfalzasittriedtoescape

fromPortArthuronlyafewhoursafterthedeclarationofwar.Inlate1914thelight

cruiserHMASSydneysanktheGermanwarshipEmdenoffthewestcoastofthe

country.Alsoearlyinthewar,AustraliantroopscapturedtheGermanradiotransmitters

inRabaulandNauruandconqueredallofGermanNewGuinea.AtfirsttheAustralian

forceswereintendedonlytodefendAustralia,butin1915theAnzacdepartedfor

Europe.TheirfirststopwasEgyptanditwasbecausetheyweresoclosethattheywere

chosentotakepaninthecampaign(ocapturetheGallipolipeninsula,(hekeytoshipping

intotheBlackSea,fromtheTurks.TheplanwasforBritish,FrenchandAnzacforcesto

landonthepeninsularatnightatweakpointsintheTurkishdefence.However,strong

windsblewthetroopsoffcoursetobetterdefendedspotsandtheadvantagewaslost.

Whatfollowedwasmonthsofbitterfightinginwhich20,000Britishand7,000Anzac

soldierswerekilledandwhichendedinasuccessfulwithdrawal,butnogainforthe

Allies.ItwasatthismomentofhistorythatAustraliawaspropelledontotheworldstage.

FromthismomentonwardAustraliabegantothinkofitselfasacountryinitsownright;

asbeingseparatetoBritainandnolongeracolony.MostoftheAnzacforcewassentto

Europe,buttheAustralianLightHorseremainedtofightTurkishforcesinPalestineand

SyriaTheydefendedtheSuezCanalandadvancedthroughPalestineandSyria.Theyalso

tookpartinwhatwasoneoftheworld'slastgreatcavalrychargesatBeersheba.The

mainAnzacforceairivedinEuropein1916.TheAnzacexperiencewassimilartothatof

theotherparticipantsinthewar;ahighdeathtollandlittlegaintobeshownforit.

Australianforceswerepresentatallthemajorbattlesofthewarandsustainedsome

terriblecasualties.Forexample,in24hoursnearPozieresthe5thDivisionsuffered5,000

casualties.AtthebattleotBullecort,ofthe3,000menwhoadvanced,2339werekilled,

woundedorcaptured.By1917mostoftheofficerswerenotprofessionalsoldiers.The

mostprominentexamplewasGeneralSirJohnMonash,whowasanengineerbytraining.

HecommandedthealliedforcesatthebattleofHamelsowellthatthegeneralstaff

publishedthebattlereportsasamodel.InAugust1918,hecommanded200,000troops

onwhatwascalled'Ludendorffsblackday',aturningpointinthewar.Monashwas

probablyAustralia'sgreatestmilitaryfigure.Unlikeinotherarmiesinthewar,the

Australiansoldierswereallvolunteers.Theywerealsomoreindividualisticandshowed

lessrespectfortherulebookthanothersoldiers.Therelationshipbetweenrankswas

moredemocraticandofficerhadtowintherespectoftheirtroops.Allinall,theypaida

highpriceforfightinginthewar.Ofthe324,000soldierswhoservedoverseasinthewar

215,000werekilledorwounded.Thiswasthehighestproportionofanyofthecountries

inthewarandwasprobablyduetotheAustraliansfightingqualities,whichmeantthat

theywereoftenusedonthefrontlineofthefighting.Athome,thewarhadasignificant

effectontheeconomy.NegativeeffectsincludedtheendofBritishinvestment,the

closureofmanyshippinglanesandthestockpilingofAustralia'smainexport,wool.

However,theisolationthatresultedfromthewarmeantthatAustraliahadtomakesome

thingsthathadpreviouslybeenimported.Thisledtothedevelopmentofnewindustries.

Inaddition,theBHPsmeltingcompany,whichisnowamajorAustraliancompany,saw

agreatincreaseindemandforironandsteel.Theneedsofthewarwerestimulusforthe

beginningoffullindustrializationinAustralia.AtthesigningofthetreatyofVersailles,

whichmarkedtheendofthewar,Australiasignedasaseparatecountry.ThisreHected

thefactthat,atthecostof60,000dead,Australiahadfinallyemergedfromtheshadowof

Britain.TheGreatWarwas,perhaps,thebeginningofmodernAustralianhistory.

Questions15-21Completethesentencesbelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTHREE

WORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes15-21onyour

answersheet.

15、AccordingtothepassageAustralia'sviewofitselfisdirectlyrelatedtoits

involvementinthe.

標準答案：FirstWorldWar/theGreatWar

知識點解析：文章首句提到，澳大利業(yè)在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中的角色對于澳大利業(yè)認

清自己在世界中的定位起著至關(guān)重要的作用。題目中的viewofitself與原文中的

visionofitself是同義表達.題目將原文的表語置換成了句子主語，故填入的表語成

分應為原文的主語，故填入FirsiWorldWar；原文說1939年二戰(zhàn)前，一戰(zhàn)也被稱

作GreatWar,故答案也可填theGreatWar。

16>Soonafterthewarhadbegun,Australia'sPrimeMinisterofferedthecountry's

supportto______

標上答案：Britain/itscolonisers

知識點解析：第二段提到，澳大利亞和新西蘭都支持英國，其中standalongside指

“站在...一方”，題目中的supporl與此同義。第二句又重中時任澳首相(Vriine

Minister)承諾以傾國之力來支白，故答案確定為Britain。原文下一句又以

colonisers指代英國，故此處填itscolonisers也可以。

17、Australiahadanearlyinvolvementinthewaranditisevenpossiblethattheywere

responsiblelorthe______

標海答案：firstshot

知識點解析：通過earlyinvolvement和possible可知題目與澳大利亞參戰(zhàn)早期發(fā)生

事情的相關(guān)，故定位到第三段。該段首句提到，戰(zhàn)爭的第一槍有可能是在澳大利亞

打響的，possible為原詞重現(xiàn)，故答案為firstshot。

18、WhencombatingtheTurkishdefence,theBritish,FrenchandAnzacforcesended

upattackingstrongerpointsthantheyhadoriginallyintendedbecauseof.

標準答案：strongwinds

知識點解析：由combatingtheTurkishdefence可定位至第四段，該段第四句提到，

艦隊被大風吹得偏離航道，駛向了防御更好的據(jù)點。題目中的British,Frenchand

Anzacforces將原文的thetroops“軍隊"具體化，strongerpoints與betterdefended

spots為同義表達。原文中的主語strongwinds就是題目的原因狀語。

19、TheoutcomeofthebitterfightwiththeTurkswassignificantforAustraliabecause

itenabledthecountrytotakeitsplaceon.

標準答案：theworldstage

知識點解析：由bitterfightwiththeTurks可知題目與土耳其軍隊的戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)果有關(guān)，

從而可定位到笫四段。該段倒數(shù)笫二句提到，正是這個歷史時刻將澳大利亞推上了

國際舞臺，文中的propelled指“推動，驅(qū)動”，題目中的taketheirplaceon…指“在

某地方占一席之地“，兩者意思相近，故答案填propelledonto的賓語theworld

stageo

20、JohnMonashcommandedthebattleofHamelsowellthatreportsofthebattlewere

publishedinordertobeused

標準答案：asamodel

知識點解析：由JohnMonash和thebattleofHamel可定位到第七段第三句。文章提

到，JohnMonash在哈梅爾山戰(zhàn)役中指揮出色，參謀部將他的作戰(zhàn)事跡刊登出來并

作為典范。注意題目將原文轉(zhuǎn)換成了被動語態(tài)。

21、TheGreatWarmarkedthebeginningofmodemAustralia.Theyhademergedasa

separatecountryandwouldnolongerhavetoliveunderthe

標準答案：shadowofBritain

知識點解析：題目講述一戰(zhàn)對澳大利亞的影響，答案應在最后一段中找。文章最后

兩句提到，澳大利亞以殞失六萬人為代價，終于擺脫了英國的陰影(emergedfrom

theshadowofBritain),其中emergefrom指從"從...走出來題目中的“不再活

在...中”(nolongerliveunder)與此意思相近,故shadowofBritain即為答案。

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeclaimsofthewriterinReadingPassage2?In

boxes22-26onyouranswersheetwriteYESifthestatementagreeswiththeclaimsof

thewriterNOifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriterNOTGIVENifitis

impossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

22、Australia'snationaldebtincreasedgreatlyasaresultoftheGreatWar.

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：A

知識點解析：由nalionaldebl可定位到第二段末句，該處提到1914年國債為600

萬英鎊，而戰(zhàn)爭后飆升到了3.25億英鎊，題目中的increasedgreatly正確地概括

了變化情況，故答案為YES。

23、AustraliamadeagreatcontributiontothesuccessfuloutcomeoftheFirstWorld

War.

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：C

知識點解析：雖然第三段有提到澳大利亞在戰(zhàn)爭早期的戰(zhàn)績，但文章并沒有明確得

出結(jié)論說，澳大利亞對一戰(zhàn)的勝利有重大貢獻，故本題選NOTGIVEN。

24、TheBritishforcessufferedagreaternumberofcasualtiesihantheAnzacforces

duringthemonthsoffightingwiththeTurkish.

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：A

知識點解析:通過British、Anzac和Turkish可定位到第四段,該段倒數(shù)第三句對

比了英國士兵和澳新士兵犧牲的人數(shù)，前者為2萬，后者為7千，題目說英國傷亡

較多符合文意。題目中的casualties“傷亡”對應killedo

25>Australiansoldierswereneverdisrespectfultotheirsuperiors.

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：B

知識點解析：抓住Australiansoldiers和superiors可知題目與澳大利亞軍隊的上下

級關(guān)系有關(guān)，定位至第八段。該段提到，澳大利亞軍隊官兵之間關(guān)系民主

(democratic),軍官要憑努力才能贏得士兵的尊重(hadtowintherespect),所以說士

兵尊敬長官并不是必然的，故答案為NO。

26、Overall,theBritishhadahigherproportionofsoldierskilledorinjuredthan

Australia.

A、YES

B、NO

C>NOTGIVEN

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本題對比英軍和澳軍的傷亡率，從而定位至第八段最后兩句，該處提

到澳大利亞傷亡比例在,戰(zhàn)中是最高的(thehighestproportion),故英國不可能比澳

大利亞高，答案為NO。

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40whicharebasedonReading

Passage3below.LIFEWITHOUTDEATHUntilrecently,thethoughtthattheremight

everbeacureforageingseemedpreposterous.Growingolderandmoredecrepit

appearedtobeaninevitableandnecessarypartofbeinghuman.Overthelastdecade,

however,scientistshavebeguntoseeageingdifferently.Somenowbelievethatthe

averagelifeexpectancymaysoonbepushedupto160years;othersthinkthatitmaybe

extendedto200or300years.Ahandfulevenwonderwhetherwemightonedaylivefor

amillenniumormore.Behindthisnewexcitementisthetheorythattheprimarycauseof

ageingliesinhighlyreactivemoleculescalledfreeradicals,leftbehindbytheoxygenwe

breathe.Freeradicalsreactwiththemoleculesinourbodies,damagingDNA,proteins

andothercelltissues,andareknowntobeimplicatedindiseasesasdiverseascataracts,

cancerandAlzheimer's.Thebodydoesitsbesttoprotectitselfagainstfreeradicalsby

producingitsownchemicalstopreventageing,suchasvitaminsEandC,butitisalways

fightingalosingbattle.AyearagoGordonlithgowoftheUniversityofManchester

discoveredawaytohelpcombatfreeradicals.Usingoneoftheseanti-ageingchemicals,

hemanagedtoincreasethelifespanofonespeciesofearthwormby50percent.Despite

cautionarywordsfromthescientists,manywelcomedthisasthefirststeptowardsadrug

whichwouldextendlife.Researchinvolvingthemutationofgeneshasalsothrownup

fascinatingresults:afteridentifyingtwoofthegenesthatappeartocontrolhowlongthe

earthwormlives,similargeneswerefoundinorganismsasvariousasfruit-flies,miceand

humanbeings.Whenoneconsidersthevastevolutionarydistancesthatseparatethese

species,itsuggeststhatwemayhavediscoveredakeytohowageingisregulated

throughouttheentireanimalkingdom.InJunelastyearasmallAmericancompany

calledEukarionsoughtpermissiontocarryoutthefirsttrialsofananti-ageingdrug,SCS,

onhumanbeings.Althoughitwillinitiallybeusedtotreatdiseasesassociatedwithold

age,Eukarionsaid,that'iftheeffectoftreatingdiseasesofoldageistoextendlife,

everyone'sgoingtobehappy.'Somescientists,however,arequicktodiscourage

extravagantspeculation.'Thereisnoevidencewhatsoeverthatswallowinganychemical

wouldhaveaneffectonmammals',saysRichMilleroftheUniversityofMichigan.'And

thosepeoplewhoclaimitmightneedtogooutanddosomeexperimenting'.Some

research,moreover,hasproducedalarmingresults.Aswellascontrollingageing,these

genesalsopartlycontrolthehormoneswhichregulategrowth.Theupshotofthisisthat

althoughthelivesofmutantmicecanbeextendedbyupto80percent,theyremain

smallerthannormal.Quiteapartfromthesesortsofhorrors,theethicalimplicationsof

extendinghumanlifespanarclikelytoworrymanypeople.Evenifthefallingbirth-rates

reportedintheworld'sdevelopednationsweretoberepeatedthroughouttheworld,

wouldthisbesufficienttocompensateformassivelyextendedlifeexpectancy,andv/ould

webewillingtoseethedemographicbalanceofoursocietychangeoutofall

recognition?DavidGems,theheadoftheCentreforResearchintoAgeingatUniversity

College,London,isenthusiasticabouttheopportunitiesopenedupbyextendedlife,but

evenheobserves,'Ifpeoplelivemuchlonger,theproportionofchildrenwould,of

course,beverysmall.Itstrikesmethatitmightfeciratherclaustrophobic:allthose

middle-agedpeopleandveryfewchildrenoryoungpeople.'ThephilosopherJohn

Polkinghorneemphasisesthatanydiscussionofthemeritsoflife-extendingtherapies

musttakeintoaccountthequalityofthelifethatislived:*Onewouldnotwishtoprolong

lifebeyondthepointithadceasedtobecreativeandfulfillingandmeaningful,1hesays.

'Presumably,therewouldhavetocomeapointatwhichlifeceasedtobecreativeand

becamejustrepetition.Clearly,thereareonlysomanyroundsofgolfonewouldwantto

play/ButPolkinghorne,amemberoftheHumanGeneticsCommission,alsoobserves

thatsofarourexperienceofextendedlifeexpectancyhasnotresultedinworld-

weariness.Throughoutthelastcentury,lifeexpectancyroseconsistently,thanksto

improveddiet,betterhygiene,continuousmedicalinnovationandtheprovisionoffreeor

subsidisedhealthcare.In1952theQueensentout225telegramstopeopleontheir1OOth

birthday;in1996shesentout5218.'Consideralso,thelivesofourRomanandAnglo-

Saxonancestors'hesays.*Byandlarge,thedoublingofhumanlifespanwehaveseen

sincethenhasnotbeenabadthing.Lifehasnotbecomefrustratingandboring.For

example,wenowlivetoseeourchildren'schildren,andthisisgood.'Questions27-31

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeviewsofthewriterintheReadingPassage3?

Inboxes27-31onyouranswersheet,writeYESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsof

thewriterNOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriterNOTGIVENifitis

impossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

27、Scientificpredictionsabouthowmuchitwillbepossibletolengthenhumanlife

varygreatly.

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：A

知識點解析：第一段第三句首先作總述地指出，科學家對衰老有新的看法

(scientists...seeageingdifferently),之后用somenowbelievethat...,othersthink

that...Ahandfulevenwonder…來舉例說明不同的科學預測，從160歲到一千歲以

上(millenniumormore)皆有，故表述符合原文信息，答案為YES。

28Researchintoextendinglifeinvolvesbothnewdrugsandchangestogenes.

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：A

知識點解析：第三段提到GordonLithgow的實驗，由第四句中的基因突(mutation

ofgenes)可知研究涉及基因的變化，與題目中的changestogenes對應。第四段首句

提到Eukarion公司在申請對抗衰老的藥物(anli-ageingdrug)進行首次試驗，這與題

目中的newdrugs對應，題目是對這兩處的概括，表述與文章信息符合，答案為

YESo

29、Scientificexperimentshavenotsucceededinmakinganyanimalslivelonger.

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：B

知識點解析：在第二段談到GordonLithgow的實驗中，成功地將一種蚯蚓

(earthworm)的壽命延長了50%。而第五段末句也提到突變小鼠(mutantmice)的壽命

可延長80%。故題目表述與文章信息相反，答案為NO。

30、Mostpeopleinthefuturewilldecidenottohavechildren.

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：c

知識點3析：關(guān)于未來生育問題的信息在第六段。其中第二句提到出生率的下降

(fallingbirth-rates),但注意此處用了weretobe,是虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，只是表猜測，

并非完全的真實情況。而第六段倒數(shù)第二句提到，如果人類壽命延長很多，小孩占

人口的比例會變少(theproportionofchildrenwould...beverysmall),這可能是由T

老年人口的比例增長，并不能表明大部分人會不生育孩子，故題目表述在文中并無

依據(jù)，答案為NOTGIVEN。

31、Lifeexpectancyhasimprovedpartlybecausepeopleeatbetter.

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標準答案：A

知識點解析：最后一段第二句提到，在過去的一個世紀，由于飲食條件改善

(improveddiet)>衛(wèi)生條件提高等原因，平均壽命得以持續(xù)增加。題目復現(xiàn)了原詞

lifeexpectancy,rose與improved對應；improveddiet和eatbelter是同義表達。故

題目表述符合文章信息、，答案為YES。

32、Whichofthefollowingisthecharacteristicoffreeradicals?

A、Theyareapartialcauseofcertaindiseases.

B、Theyescapeintotheatmospherewhenwebreathe.

C>Theyarepresentintwovitamins.

D、Theyar