2021—2022學(xué)年（上）遼寧省部分中學(xué)高三期末考試英語考試時間：120分鐘滿分：150分第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ADreamingofpicnicsfilledwithfamilyandfun?We’vecomeupwith4ofthetoppicnicareasacrosstheUS.CumberlandIslands,GeorgiaJustafewhourssouthofSavannah,thisnationalseashoreisawonderfulpicnicplace.It’sanunspoiledplaceintheDeepSouthwithover50milesofhikingtrails(小徑).CoveredinSpanishmoss,thetrailsarelinedwithtreesandsinceit’sstillaruralarea,thestarslineupforagrandshowatnightandcreatetheperfecteveningstarlitpicnicopportunity.GrantPark,ChicagoIfyouarelookingfordeliciousfoodinChicago,goforatasteofa20-day,lake-front,foodiefestivalthathappensinOctobereachyear.Grabaspotnearthefountaintoenjoyyourpicnic,appreciatethecitysceneryandlakeviewsandrelaxwithfamilyandfriends.IfyouarethereonJuly4th,besuretoplanthedaytoincludethefireworksdisplayattheNavyPier.CranberryIslands,MaineHere,you’llenjoynaturalpicnicswithislandviews.Theislandsareadelightfulgroupofislandsabout20minutesoffshorefromAcadiaNationalPark.Youcanvisittheislandsbyprivateboatorferryservice.Bringapicnicbasketalongfortherideasit’saromanticpicnicareatotakeyourspecialsomeoneorgoforafamilyoutingtovisittheislands.BigSur,CaliforniaThePointLobosStateReserveisasmallgem.Besidesthecoastalwildlifetherearerareplantcommunities,anduniquegeologicalformations.It’sgoodtohaveapicnicthere.Werecommendbringingatelescope,becausemuchofthewildlifecanbeseenonlyatadistance.21.WhydoesthewriteradviseustogotoCumberlandIslands?A.BecausetheyarejustnexttoSavannah.B.Becausetheykeeptheiroriginalecology.C.BecausetheyarealmostcoveredinSpanishmoss.D.Becausetheyhaveagrandshoweverynight.22.Wherecanyouenjoyobservingwildlifewithatelescope?A.AttheNavyPier. B.IntheDeepSouth.C.AtAcadiaNationalPark. D.AtthePointLobosStateReserve.23.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthispassage?A.Inapersonaldairy. B.Inasciencereport.C.Inatravelmagazine. D.Inageographytextbook.BImaginereadingastorytitled“PursuingSuccess.”Thatwouldbeaninspiringstory,wouldn’tit?Maybe—butmaybenot.Itmightwellbethestoryofsomeonewhosenever-endingchaseformoreandmoresuccessleavesthemunsatisfiedandincapableofhappiness.Thoughitisn’taconventionalmedicaladdiction,formanypeoplesuccesshasaddictiveproperties.Obviously,successgoeswithpraise.Toacertainextent,praisestimulatestheneurotransmitterdopamine(神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)多巴胺),whichcontributestoalladdictivebehaviors.Thedesireforsuccessmaybeborntohumannature,butspecialnessdoesn’tcomecheap.Successistoughwork,anditrequiresbearingthecostoflosing.Inthe1980s,thephysicianRobertGoldmanfamouslyfoundthatmorethanhalfofambitiousathleteswouldbewillingtotakeadrugthatwouldkilltheminfiveyearsinexchangeforwinningeverycompetitiontheyentered.Unfortunately,successisendless.Thegoalcan’tbesatisfied;mostpeopleneverfeelsuccessfulenough.Thehighonlylastsadayortwo,andthenit’sontothenextgoal.Psychologistscallthisthehedonictreadmill(快樂跑步機現(xiàn)象),inwhichsatisfactionwearsoffalmostimmediatelyandwemustrunontothenextrewardtoavoidthefeelingoffallingbehind.Peopleshouldgetoffthetreadmill.Butquittingisn’teasyforaddicts.Forpeoplehookedonsubstances,withdrawalcanbeapainfulexperience,bothphysicallyandpsychologically,researchfindsthatdepressionandanxietyarecommonamongoutstandingathletesaftertheircareersend.Olympicathletes,inparticular,sufferfromthe“post-Olympicblues.”Justlikewine,successinandofitselfisnotabadthing.Bothcanbringfunandsweetnesstolife.Butbothbecomebossywhentheyareasubstitutefor—insteadofacomplement(補充物)to—therelationshipsandlovethatshouldbeatthecenterofourlives.24.Whatdoespraisefunctionaswhengoingwithsuccess?A.Ithasnothingtodowithsuccessaddiction.B.Itmayindirectlycausesuccessaddiction.C.Italwaysbringspositiveresultsofsuccess.D.Itresultsinalladdictivebehaviorsexceptsuccess.25.WhydidtheauthormentiontheresearchfindingsofRobertGoldman?A.Toshowsuccessisatoughandcrueljob.B.Tostressthekeytosuccessliesinefforts.C.Toarguethatathletesdeservemorerewards.D.Todescribetheroutinetrainingofanordinaryathlete.26.Whatcansuccessbringtoasuccessaddictaccordingtopsychologists?A.Satisfactionandasenseofpride. B.Anxietyandshort-livedhappiness.C.Relaxationandendlessmotivation. D.Confidenceandpermanenthappiness.27.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledoaboutpursuingsuccess?A.Stopchasingsuccess. B.Chasesuccessatanycost.C.Reflectonwhatmattersinlife. D.Giveuploveandrelationships.CForseveraldecades,therehasbeenanorganizedcampaignintendedtoproducedistrustinscience,fundedbythosewhoseinterestsarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessofscience.Afterall,scientistshavebeenrightaboutmostthings,fromthestructureoftheuniversetotherelativityoftimeandspace.Stressingsuccessesisn’twrong,butformanypeopleit’snotpersuasive.Analternativeanswertothequestion“Whytrustscience?”isthatscientistsusetheso-calledscientificmethod.Butwhatiscalledthescientificmethodisn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.Scienceisdynamic:newmethodsgetinvented;oldonesgetabandoned;andatanyparticularpoint,scientistscanbefounddoingmanydifferentthings.Falsetheoriessometimesleadtotrueresults,soevenifanexperimentworks,itdoesn’tprovethatthetheoryitwasdesignedtotestistrue.Ifthereisnospecificscientificmethod,thenwhatisthebasisfortrustinscience?Theansweristhemethodsbywhichthoseclaimsareevaluated.Ascientificclaimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalongprocessofexaminationbyfellowscientists.Scientistsdrafttheinitialversionofapaperandthensendittocolleaguesforsuggestions.Untilthispoint,scientificfeedbackistypicallyfairlyfriendly.Butthenextstepisdifferent:therevisedpaperissubmittedtoascientificjournal,wherethingsgetawholelottougher.Editorsdeliberatelysendscientificpaperstopeoplewhoarenotfriendsorcolleaguesoftheauthors,andthejoboftherevieweristofinderrorsorotherfaults.Wecallthisprocess“peerreview”becausethereviewersarescientificpeers—expertsinthesamefield—buttheyactintheroleofasuperiorwhohasboththerightandtheresponsibilitytofindfault.Itisonlyafterthereviewersandtheeditoraresatisfiedthatanyproblemshavebeenfixedthatthepaperwillbeprintedinthejournalandentersthebodyof“science.”Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientistsare“alwayschangingtheirminds.”Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatscienceproducesbothcreativityandstability.Newobservations,ideas,explanationsandattemptstocombinecompetingclaimsintroducecreativity;transformativequestioningleadstocollectivedecisionsandthestabilityofscientificknowledge.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.28.Scientistsstressthesuccessofscienceinorderto______.A.promotebasicknowledgeofscience B.remindpeopleofscientificachievementsC.removepossibledoubtsaboutscience D.showtheirattitudetowardsthecampaign29.Whatcanwelearnabouttheso-calledscientificmethod?A.It’saneasyjobtoproveitsexistence. B.Itusuallyagreeswithscientists’ideas.C.Ithardlygetsmixedwithfalsetheories. D.Itconstantlychangesandprogresses.30.Whatcanwelearnabout“peer”review?A.Itseldomgivesnegativeevaluationofapaper.B.Itisusuallyconductedbyunfriendlyexperts.C.Itaimstoperfectthepapertobepublished.D.Ithappensatthebeginningoftheevaluationprocess.31.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphimpliesthat______.A.itisnotuncommonforsciencetobeoverturnedB.scientistsareverystronginchangingtheirmindsC.peoplelosefaithinthosechangeablescientistsD.changesbringcreativityandstabilitytoscienceDSomebatssingjustasbirdsandhumansdo.Buthowtheylearntheircallsandmelodiesisamystery-onethatscientistswilltrytosolvebyresearchingthegenesofmorethan1,000batspecies.Theproject,calledBat1K,wasannouncedon14NovemberattheannualmeetingoftheSocietyforNeuroscienceinSanDiego,California.Itsorganizersalsohopetolearnmoreabouttheflyingmammals’echolocationability—theabilitytofinddirectionsinthedark;theirstrongimmunesystemsthatcandefendagainstEbola,adeadlyvirus;andtheirrelativelylonglifespans.“Thegenomesofalltheseotherspecies,likebirdsandmice,arewell-understood,”saysanexpertattheMaxPlanckInstituteforPsycholinguisticsinNijmegen,theNetherlands.“Butwedon’tknowanythingaboutbatgenesyet.”Somebatsshowbabblingbehavior,includingbarks,chatter,screeches,whistlesandtrills,saysMirjamKn?rnschild,abehavioralecologistattheFreeUniversityofBerlin.Youngbatslearnthesongsandothersoundsfromoldermaletutors.Theyusethesesoundsduringcourtshipandmating,whentheyseekfoodandastheydefendtheirterritoryagainstrivals.Scientistshavestudiedthevocalsoundsofonlyabout50batspeciessofar,Kn?rnschildsays,andtheyknowmuchlessaboutbats’communicationthanbirds’.Fourspeciesofbathavesofarbeenfoundtolearnvocalsoundsfromeachother,theirfathersandotheradultmales,justasachildgraduallylearnshowtospeakfromitsparents.Geneticstudieshavediscoveredatleastonegeneinbatsthatislinkedtospeechandlanguage,calledFOXP2.Thegeneisalsoknowntohavearoleinhowpeoplelearnlanguage,andinvocallearninginsong-birds.ResearchersworkingontheBat1Kprojectexpecttofindthatothergenesarealsoinvolvedincommunication,andthatmanymorebatspecieshavetheabilitytolearnsongs,callsandothersounds.“It’snotararetrait,”Kn?rnschildsays.“I’mbecomingconvincedthatallbatsaremoreorlessthesameinvocallearning.”Bats’echolocationabilityhasbeenstudiedformanyyears,partlybecauseofitsapplicationstosonarandradar.Butscientistsknowverylittleaboutthevocalcommunicationandsocialbehaviourthatdrivehowbatslearntheirsongsandsounds,saysMichaelYartsev,aneurobiologistatUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Thestudyofvocallearninginbatsis“nearlycompletelyuntapped”,hesays—comparingittothestateofresearchintobirdsong60yearsago.32.Theproject,Bat1Kiscarriedoutmainlyto______.A.doresearchonthegenesofmorebatspeciesB.researchbats’abilitytofinddirectionsinthedarkC.studythewaybatslearntheircallsandsongsD.learnmoresecretsaboutbats’longerlifespans33.FromPara5and6,wecansafelyinferthat______.A.scientistshavestudiedonlyapproximately50batspeciessofarB.ofallbats,onlyfourspecieslearnvocalsoundsfromeachotherC.morethanonegenelinkedtospeechandlanguagehasbeendiscoveredD.thegeneFOXP2hassomethingtodowithhumanlanguagelearning34.Whichofthefollowingistheword“trait”inParagraph6closesttoinmeaning?A.quality B.behavior C.habit D.gene35.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Scientiststrytoknowmoreaboutbatgenes.B.Scientistsseekkeystobats’vocalsounds.C.Allbatsarealmostthesameinvocallearning.D.Batssingjustasbirdsandhumanbeingsdo.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Willyoustopusingplastic?Ifyoutakealookaroundyourkitchenorofficerightnow,chancesarethatyou’llnoticeyou’resurroundedbyplastic—waterbottles,to-gocoffeecups,straws(吸管),plasticgrocerybags,foodwrappers,take-outcontainers,single-servecoffeepodsandproducebags.36It’scertainlynotrealistictoremoveallplasticfromyourlife,butlet’sexaminesomestatisticsthatmayencourageyoutoreduceyoursingle-useplasticfootprintbythrowingawaystraws,switchingtoreusablewaterbottles,bringingclothbagstothegrocerystoreandmore.AccordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,thepopularityofplastic,whichbeganrisinginthe1950s,isgrowingoutofcontrol.37Andthere’snosignofslowingdown,consideringscientistssaythatanother12trillionkilogramswillbeproducedworldwideby2050.“Everypieceofplasticthathaseverbeencreatedwillremainintheenvironmentinsomeform,butonceweconvenientlythrowoutourrubbishathome,windandrunoffcarryourwastefromlandfillsandstreetstotheocean,”saysMysticAquarium’schiefclinicalveterinarianJenniferFlower,DVM,MS.“Giventhatwearegloballyproducingover320milliontonsofplasticannually,themarineenvironmentistakingabighitfromourdailydisposalofplastic.38Forexample,newbornfisharemistakingtinybitsofplasticwasteforfood.Iftheydie,therewillbefewerbigfish—andthatcoulddamagethefoodchain.Oftenoursocietyissofocusedonmakingourlivesmoreconvenientintheshortterm,butinthelongrun,ourhealthandthehealthofmarinelifeareattheexpenseofthoseeverydayconveniences.”39Arecentreportsuggeststhatwhenheated,certainfoodadditives(添加劑)candamagehormones,growthanddevelopment,aswellasincreasechancesforchildrenofbeingfat.40Itisfoundinplasticcontainersandmetalcans.Parentsareurgedtoavoidusingmicrowavestowarmfoodanddrinksorplacingplasticsinthedishwasher.A.Ourplasticconsumptionisdirectlyaffectingthelifeintheocean.B.Peopleareconcernedabouttheresultsofoverusingplasticcontainers.C.8.2trillionkilogramsofplastichavebeenproducedaroundtheworld.D.Usingplasticcontainersinmicrowavesisalsoharmfultochildren’shealth.E.Let’sstopusingplasticforthebenefitoftheenvironmentandhumanbeings.F.Theseareallexamplesofsingle-useplasticproducts,whichisahottopicnowadays.G.ThemostconcerningartificialadditiveBPAisachemicalusedintheproductionofplastics.第三部分 語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處最佳選項。Tenyearsago,Idroveacabforaliving.Onenightat2:30a.m.,whenIarrivedatabuildingtocollectapassenger,itwas41exceptforasinglelightinagroundfloorwindow.Iwalkedtothedoorandknocked.“Justaminute”,answeredaweak,elderlyvoice.Afteralong42,thedooropened.Asmallwomaninher80'sstoodbeforeme.Byhersidewasasmallsuitcase.Theapartmentlookedasifnoonehadlivedinitforyears.Allthefurniturewas43withcloth.Itookthesuitcasetothecab,thenreturnedto44thewoman.Shetookmyarmandwewalked45towardthecab.Whenwegotinthecab,shegavemeanaddressandthenasked,“Couldyoudrive46downtown?”shesaid,“I’minnohurry.I’monmywaytoahospice（臨終安養(yǎng)院）.ThedoctorsaysIdon’thavevery47soIwanttokeepthecityinmind.”Forthenexttwohours,wedrovethroughthecity.Sheshowedmethebuildingwhereshehadonce48asanelevatoroperator.Wedrovethroughthe49wheresheandherhusbandhadlived.Asthefirsthintofsunwas50fromthehorizon,wedroveinsilencetotheaddressshehadgivenme—alowbuilding.“HowmuchshouldI51you?”sheasked,reachingintoherpurse.“Nothing,”Isaid.Shekeptthankingmeformykindness.Almostwithoutthinking,Ibentandgavehera52andthenwalkedintothedimmorninglight.Behindme,adoorshut.Itwasthesoundofthe53ofalife.Ididn'tpickupanymorepassengersthatshift.Idrove54,lostinthought:Whatifthatwomanhadgottena(n)55driver?Onaquickreview,Idon'tthinkthatIhavedoneanythingmoreimportantinmylife.41.A.dark B.bright C.modern D.lively42.A.conversation B.shout C.argument D.pause43.A.filled B.covered C.connected D.provided44.A.convince B.encourage C.assist D.remind45.A.firmly B.slowly C.quickly D.gracefully46.A.through B.over C.for D.with47.A.rich B.ill C.long D.young48.A.worked B.expressed C.insisted D.promoted49.A.office B.square C.community D.shelter50.A.wandering B.rising C.setting D.falling51.A.charge B.save C.credit D.pay52.A.smile B.hug C.hand D.greeting53.A.challenge B.beginning C.closing D.decrease54.A.aimlessly B.carefully C.excitedly D.proudly55.A.generous B.enthusiastic C.cautious D.impatient第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。CelebratingtheMinorFestival(小年)The23rdofLaiscelebratedastheMinorFestival,thefestivalmoodof56beginstopickup,from23rdofLaonwards.Therearemoreandmoretraders’standsalongthestreetsfilledwith57varietyofSpringFestivalgoodsthatcatchtheeyes:SpringFestivalcouplets,NewYearpaintings,window58(decoration),papercuts,fireworksetc.Youcanheartraderscallingforbusinessupanddownthestreets.TheMinorFestivalisalsoknown59theKitchenGodDay.Inthepast,KitchenGod,60(place)nextaboveornexttothestove,wasadoredineveryhousehold.Onthisday,KitchenGodwastogoandreporttoJadeEmperor(玉帝)inHeavenwhathe61(witness)onearth.KitchenGodwasbelievedtobeabletodeterminefortunesormisfortunesofthehousehold,tomakeitrichorpoor,62,thehouseholdtookgreatcaretoadoreKitchenGodasbesttheycouldandnottodisrespecthiminanyevent.AmongtheofferingspresentedtoKitchenGod,therewasthe63(stick)sugar.WhenKitchenGodtookit,histeethandlipsgotstuckupandcouldn’treporttoJadeEmperorforanythingthatwouldbeharmfultothehousehold.64theadoringwasover,thepictureofKitchenGod65(burn)andpeoplebelievedhewentuptoHeavenwhilecrackerswerefired.第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）今年是新中國成立70周年。假如你是李華，目睹了近年來你所在城市的變化。請寫一篇有關(guān)城市變化及所帶來的思考的短文寄給某英語報社。短文包括城市的變化，出現(xiàn)的問題和和你的建議。要點如下：過去：滿街小商鋪，小賣攤點，擁擠，垃圾遍地；現(xiàn)在：街道寬敞，沿街種植了綠樹和鮮花，新建了公園和高樓。問題：一些歷史性建筑被破壞，城市失去了特色。建議：在建設(shè)和發(fā)展的同時，還應(yīng)加強文物和古跡保護(hù)，以傳承文化。注意：1.詞數(shù)：100~120；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫3.參考詞匯：攤點：stalls歷史文物historicalrelicsDearEditor,Thisyearisthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofnewChina!Ourcityhaschangedgreatlyoverthelastfewyears.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Asthemotherofaneleven-year-oldgirl,Ihavereadseveralbooksthattellparentshowtobringupagirltobebeautiful,elegant,confident,andrich.However,Ihavealwaysbelievedthatgirlsneedtobebraveaboveallelse,butthisiseasiersaidthandone.IstillrememberIcouldn’tseethescreendirectlywhenmydaughterswitchedtotheanimalchannel,whichwasbroadcastingashowaboutsnakes.IstoodasfarawayfromtheTVaspossible,tooscaredtoopenmyeyes.However,mylittleangelwasnotscaredofthesnakes.Infact,shewatchedtheshowwithakeeninterest.Iwasrelievedthatmydaughterdidn’tgettoomanygeneticphobias（遺傳恐懼癥）.Eventothisday,sheisstillobsessedwith（對…著迷）challengingherselfwithnewthings.Thisyear,IgotachancetostudyinSingaporeforsixmonths.Afterthenoveltyofthefirstfewdayshadgone,Ifoundmyselfmissingmyfamily.Withthesummervacationapproaching,myhusbandagreedtomakegooduseofthefactthatIwasstayinginSingapore.Hebroughtourdaughterouttovisitmeandtoenjoythenewexperienceinanewcountry.Thereuniondayfinallycame.MyhusbandandmydaughterarrivedinthesecondweekofJuly.Iwassolookingforwardtoseeingthem.Ihadmademanypreparationsfortheirvisit.Onthefirstday,IarrangedforustoseeGardensbytheBay.WhenwewalkedoutoftheMRTstation,wewereamazedbythesightoftheSuperTrees.WhenmydaughtersawlotsofpeoplewalkingontheSkyway,shecouldn’thelpshoutingexcitedlythatshewantedtohaveatry.TheSkywayisa22-meter-highsuspensionbridge（吊橋）fromwhichyoucanenjoyabird’seyeview.LasttimeIcameherewithmyfriends,Ifirmlyrejectedtheirrepeatedattemptstochallengemetogoupthere.Itwaslikethedaywiththesnakesalloveragain.