高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省三門峽市2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期5月期末英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的Ａ、B、Ｃ和Ｄ四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AFortravelersnewtoCarlow,decidingwheretodinecanbequiteachallenge.Everyonecravesadeliciouslocalmealduringtheirjourney,asitenrichesthetravelexperience.Butwithoutpriorconsiderationorresearch,youmighteitherpayforadisappointingmealorendupatagenericfast-foodplace,missingoutonthearea’suniquediningoptions.Fortunately,therearehandytricks.Beforeyourtrip,utilizewebsiteslikeTripadvisororYelp.Bycheckingstar-ratingsandreadingcustomerreviews,youcanassessarestaurant’squalityandservice.However,siteslikeJusteat.iemainlyfeaturetake-awayjoints,overlookingmanygreatsit-downrestaurants.WhenexploringCarlowonfoot,venturebeyondthemainstreetsandshoppingareas.Hiddenculinarytreasuresoftenlurk(潛藏)inthesurroundinglanes,awayfromthehustleoffast-foodoutlets.Don’thesitatetoaskthelocals,suchashotelstafforthoseatthefarmersmarket.Theirinsightscangguideyoutothebestlocalspots.Theinternetalsoofferslocalfoodblogsandindividualrestaurantwebsitesformenuandgalleryviewing.Bespontaneouswithsmartphoneapps,anddon’tforgettoseekadvicefromfriendswho’vevisitedbefore.Justbecautiousof‘positivespiralling’onreviewsites.Withthesesteps,you’llbewell-preparedtoenjoyCarlow’sgastronomicdelights.1.FortravelersnewtoCarlow,whyisitdifficulttochoosearestaurant?A.Therearetoomanyexpensiverestaurants.B.Theyareunfamiliarwiththeareaandlackresearch.C.Thelocalpeoplearenotfriendlyenoughtogiveadvice.D.Thefoodqualityofallrestaurantsissimilar.2.Whichwebsitemightnothelpyoufindgoodsit-downrestaurants?A.Tripadvisor. B.Yelp. C.Justeat.ie. D.Localblogs.3.Whatshouldyoubecarefulaboutwhenlookingforlocalfoodplaces?A.Thelocalfoodblogs. B.Theadvicefromhotelstaff.C.Theindividualrestaurantwebsites. D.The‘positivespiralling’onreviewsites.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章針對(duì)初到卡洛的游客不知如何選擇餐廳的問題，給出了利用網(wǎng)站、詢問當(dāng)?shù)厝说忍暨x餐廳的建議?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“FortravelersnewtoCarlow,decidingwheretodinecanbequiteachallenge.Everyonecravesadeliciouslocalmealduringtheirjourney,asitenrichesthetravelexperience.Butwithoutpriorconsiderationorresearch,youmighteitherpayforadisappointingmealorendupatagenericfastfoodplace,missingoutonthearea’suniquediningoptions.(對(duì)于初到卡洛的游客來說，決定在哪里用餐可能是個(gè)不小的挑戰(zhàn)。每個(gè)人都希望在旅途中品嘗到美味的當(dāng)?shù)孛朗?，因?yàn)檫@能豐富旅行體驗(yàn)。但如果沒有事先考慮或做研究，你可能會(huì)花錢吃一頓令人失望的飯，或者最終去了一家普通的快餐店，錯(cuò)過該地區(qū)獨(dú)特的用餐選擇。)”可知，初到卡洛的游客難以選擇餐廳是因?yàn)樗麄儾皇煜み@個(gè)地區(qū)且缺乏研究。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“However,siteslikeJusteat.iemainlyfeaturetakeawayjoints,overlookingmanygreatsitdownrestaurants.(然而，像Justeat.ie這樣的網(wǎng)站主要推薦外賣店，忽略了許多很棒的堂食餐廳。)”可知，Justeat.ie可能無法幫助你找到好的堂食餐廳。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Justbecautiousof‘positivespiralling’onreviewsites.(只要留意評(píng)論網(wǎng)站上的‘正向螺旋’現(xiàn)象就行。)”可知，在尋找當(dāng)?shù)孛朗硤?chǎng)所時(shí)，你應(yīng)該小心評(píng)論網(wǎng)站上的“正向螺旋”現(xiàn)象。故選D項(xiàng)。BTwelve-year-oldAlyssaFaithFallorinaDeanofPrestatynhasspentthepastyearcollectingdiscardedchip(薯?xiàng)l)bagswhichshethentransformsintofoilwarmingblankets.Shedonatesthem,alongwithtoiletries(洗漱用品)andotheressentials,toorganizationsthatsupportpeoplewhoarehomelessthroughoutWalesandasfarasUkraine.Sofar,she’sturnedover10,000chipsbagsinto200+blankets!AlyssatoldtheBBC.“Youwouldn’tthinkyoucouldturnacrisppacketintosomethingsohelpful,buthomelesspeopleliketheblanketsbecausethey’rereallylightweightandwaterproof.”Asabuddingenvironmentalist,Alyssathinksthere’sanaddedbonustousingchipbags.“Crisppacketsarereallyhardtorecycle,sothisisanewwaytostopthemgoinginthebin,”shesaid.Alyssa’smomhelpedherwithherinitialchipbaggleaning,butnowthatherstory’sout,she’sgettingdonationsfromfarandwide.Foreachbag,shestartsbyopeningthepacketandwashingit(herleastfavoritepart),thensheplacesfourpacketsonapieceofparchmentpaper(羊皮紙)andironsthemsotheyfusetogether.Thelaststepisplacingthepacketsbetweenstripsofclearplasticandironingthemtosealitalltogether.Inadditiontoherenvironmentalandsocialcharity,Alyssaisinvolvedwithscholarshipandbeautypageants(選美比賽).ShewasrecentlycrownedMissRoyalUKPre-Teenfor2022/2023andhasexcitingplanstoattendtheRoyalInternationalPageantsinFloridainJuly2023.Herfamilyisproudofherachievementsandcontinuestoencourageherinallherattempts.Thisyounggirlistrulymakingadifference,andherstoryisaninspirationtomany.4.WhatisanadditionalbenefitofusingchipbagstomakeblanketsaccordingtoAlyssa?A.Itisanewwaytorecyclechipbags. B.Itcanmakehomelesspeoplehappy.C.Ithelpshertowinbeautypageants. D.Itmakesherpopularonsocialmedia.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gleaning”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Debt. B.Collection. C.Quality. D.Trouble.6.WhatcanweinferformAlyssa’sfamily?A.Itsupportshercharitableactivities.B.Itonlyhelpsherbecausetheywanthertobefamous.C.Itisnotsupportiveofherparticipationinbeautypageants.D.Itdiscouragesherfrommakingblanketsbecauseittakestoomuchtime.7.Whatisthemainideaofthistext?A.Tointroduceanewwayofrecyclingchipbags.B.Todescribetheprocessofmakingblanketsfromchipbags.C.Toencouragemorepeopletodonatetohomelesspeople.D.TointroduceAlyssa’sgooddeedsandachievements.【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了12歲女孩Alyssa收集薯?xiàng)l袋制作保暖毯捐贈(zèng)給無家可歸者，還介紹了她的其他成就，其家人為她感到驕傲并給予鼓勵(lì)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Asabuddingenvironmentalist,Alyssathinksthere’sanaddedbonustousingchipbags.‘Crisppacketsarereallyhardtorecycle,sothisisanewwaytostopthemgoinginthebin,’shesaid.(作為一名初露頭角的環(huán)保主義者，Alyssa認(rèn)為使用薯?xiàng)l袋還有一個(gè)額外的好處。她說：‘薯片包裝袋很難回收，所以這是一種防止它們被扔進(jìn)垃圾桶的新方法?！?”可知，用薯?xiàng)l袋制作毯子的一個(gè)額外好處是這是一種回收薯?xiàng)l袋的新方法。故選A項(xiàng)。【5題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中“TwelveyearoldAlyssaFaithFallorinaDeanofPrestatynhasspentthepastyearcollectingdiscardedchip(薯?xiàng)l)bagswhichshethentransformsintofoilwarmingblankets.(普雷斯塔廷12歲的AlyssaFaithFallorinaDean在過去一年里一直在收集丟棄的薯?xiàng)l袋，然后將它們變成鋁箔保暖毯)”和劃線詞所在句“Alyssa’smomhelpedherwithherinitialchipbaggleaning,butnowthatherstory’sout,she’sgettingdonationsfromfarandwide.(Alyssa的媽媽最初幫助她gleaning薯?xiàng)l袋，但現(xiàn)在她的故事傳開了，她收到了來自四面八方的捐贈(zèng))”可推知，媽媽一直在幫助Alyssa做的事情是收集薯?xiàng)l袋，故事傳開后就不用再收集了，因?yàn)榈玫搅巳藗兊木栀?zèng)。劃線詞“gleaning”意思是“收集”，與B項(xiàng)“Collection”同義。故選B項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Herfamilyisproudofherachievementsandcontinuestoencourageherinallherattempts.(她的家人為她的成就感到驕傲，并繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)她的所有嘗試)”可知，Alyssa的家人為她的成就感到驕傲，并繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)她的所有嘗試，說明他們支持她的慈善活動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段“TwelveyearoldAlyssaFaithFallorinaDeanofPrestatynhasspentthepastyearcollectingdiscardedchip(薯?xiàng)l)bagswhichshethentransformsintofoilwarmingblankets.Shedonatesthem,alongwithtoiletries(洗漱用品)andotheressentials,toorganizationsthatsupportpeoplewhoarehomelessthroughoutWalesandasfarasUkraine.(普雷斯塔廷12歲的AlyssaFaithFallorinaDean在過去一年里一直在收集丟棄的薯?xiàng)l袋，然后將它們變成鋁箔保暖毯。她將這些毯子連同洗漱用品和其他必需品捐贈(zèng)給支持威爾士乃至烏克蘭無家可歸者的組織)”和最后一段“Inadditiontoherenvironmentalandsocialcharity,Alyssaisinvolvedwithscholarshipandbeautypageants(選美比賽).ShewasrecentlycrownedMissRoyalUKPreTeenfor2022/2023andhasexcitingplanstoattendtheRoyalInternationalPageantsinFloridainJuly2023.(除了她的環(huán)保和社會(huì)慈善事業(yè)外，Alyssa還參加了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金項(xiàng)目和選美比賽。她最近被加冕為2022/2023年度英國(guó)皇家少女小姐，并計(jì)劃于2023年7月參加在佛羅里達(dá)舉行的皇家國(guó)際選美比賽)”可知，本文主要介紹了Alyssa的善舉和成就。故選D項(xiàng)。CArtificialintelligenceisbringingrevolutionarychangestotheChinesefilmindustry,thoroughlytransformingthemovie-makingprocessfromtheinitialconcepttothefinalpost-productionstage.AprimeexampleisveterandirectorYuBaimei’sshortfilm.Itgivesamodernmakeovertothewell-knownChinesefolkloreheroZhongKui,whoistraditionallypicturedasacrimson-robedwarriorbattlingevil.Yu,49,said,“I’vealwaysbeencaptivatedbyZhongKui’shumorous,heroictraitsthataresofamiliartous.Buthe’sneverbeenpresentedonscreeninasatisfyingway.”WithAIassistance,Yucraftedatwo-minuteshort,“BaiGuiWuRao”.Init,ZhongKuistridesthroughamoonlit,mistyforest,swordinhand,facingoffagainstsupernaturalfoeslikeamenacing,red-eyedrabbit.Then,thesceneswitchestoamodernbedroomwhereayoungmansleeps,phonenotificationsflickering.Theforestfightturnsouttobehisdream,withZhongKuiashisdigital“guardianspirit”,andawittymessagehighlightstheneedfordigitaldowntime.Thisandeightotherdirectors’AIshortspremieredinDecember2024attheChinaNationalFilmMuseumandwereuptothepermanentcollection,signifyingamilestoneforChinesecinema.ThismirrorsthewidertrendofAI’sgrowingfootprintinfilmmaking.RenowneddirectorZhangYimou,whileadapting“TheThree-BodyProblem”,setupanAIteam,seeingitasalearningcurve.BigstudiosandplatformslikeBonaFilmGroupandYangshipinarealsoexploitingAIforcreativeworks.However,there’songoingdiscussion.FrenchfilmmakerLucBessoncalledAIa“valuabletool”withlimits.ChinesefilmmakersconcurthathumancreativityisirreplaceableyetstresstheneedtoquicklymasterAI.Hollywood,too,isonasimilarpath,withLionsgatepartneringwithanAIstartupandJamesCameronjoininganAIboard.Accordingtoa2024report,16.4%ofChinesewereusinggenerativeAIproductsbyJune.“AIwillsoonbepartofdailylife,”saidYu.Thesedirectorshavesetaprecedent,suggestingthatfuturefilmmakingcouldbemoreaccessible,notjustforprofessionals.8.WhatdidYuBaimeithinkaboutthepreviousportrayalsofZhongKuionscreen?A.Theyweretoohumorous. B.Theydidn’tdoZhongKuijustice.C.Theywereveryinnovative. D.Theyfocusedtoomuchonhisheroictraits.9.ThefactthatZhangYimousetupanAIteamwhileadapting“TheThree-BodyProblem”implies_______.A.hedidn’ttrusthisowncreativeability.B.hewasforcedtodosobythefilmstudio.C.herecognizedthepotentialofAIinfilmproduction.D.hewantedtorelycompletelyonAIfortheadaptation.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.ThetrendofusingAIinfilmmakingisspreadingglobally.B.HollywoodismoreadvancedinusingAIinfilmmaking.C.HollywoodisjustfollowingChina’sleadinAIfilmmaking.D.OnlybignamesinHollywoodareinterestedinAIfilmmaking.11.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofAIintheChinesefilmindustry?A.Indifferent. B.Pessimistic. C.Skeptical. D.Optimistic.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章以人工智能（AI）對(duì)中國(guó)電影行業(yè)的影響為核心，通過導(dǎo)演余白眉的AI短片案例、張藝謀等行業(yè)人士的實(shí)踐，以及全球范圍內(nèi)的AI應(yīng)用趨勢(shì)，客觀闡述了AI在電影制作中的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、具體應(yīng)用及未來潛力，旨在說明AI給電影行業(yè)帶來的革命性變化。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Yu,49,said,‘I’vealwaysbeencaptivatedbyZhongKui’shumorous,heroictraitsthataresofamiliartous.Buthe’sneverbeenpresentedonscreeninasatisfyingway.’(49歲的余說：“我一直被我們熟知的鐘馗幽默、英雄的特質(zhì)所吸引，但他從未在銀幕上得到令人滿意的呈現(xiàn)?！?”可知，余白眉認(rèn)為此前銀幕上的鐘馗形象未能充分展現(xiàn)其魅力，即“未公正對(duì)待他”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“RenowneddirectorZhangYimou,whileadapting‘TheThree-BodyProblem’,setupanAIteam,seeingitasalearningcurve.(著名導(dǎo)演張藝謀在改編《三體》時(shí)成立了AI團(tuán)隊(duì)，將其視為一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)過程。)”可知，張藝謀組建AI團(tuán)隊(duì)，表明他認(rèn)可AI在電影制作中的潛力。故選C項(xiàng)。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段提到“FrenchfilmmakerLucBessoncalledAIa‘valuabletool’withlimits.(法國(guó)電影制作人呂克·貝松稱人工智能是一種有局限性的“有價(jià)值的工具”。)”和“ChinesefilmmakersconcurthathumancreativityisirreplaceableyetstresstheneedtoquicklymasterAI.Hollywood,too,isonasimilarpath,withLionsgatepartneringwithanAIstartupandJamesCameronjoininganAIboard.(中國(guó)電影制作人一致認(rèn)為，人類的創(chuàng)造力是不可替代的，但他們強(qiáng)調(diào)需要快速掌握人工智能。好萊塢也走上了類似的道路，獅門影業(yè)與一家人工智能初創(chuàng)公司合作，詹姆斯·卡梅隆加入了人工智能董事會(huì)。)”可推斷，全球范圍內(nèi)電影制作中使用AI的趨勢(shì)正在蔓延。故選A項(xiàng)。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，全文以余白眉的AI短片為例，強(qiáng)調(diào)AI對(duì)中國(guó)電影行業(yè)的革命性改變，并提到AI短片被國(guó)家電影博物館永久收藏、張藝謀等導(dǎo)演積極探索AI應(yīng)用，最后一段引用報(bào)告數(shù)據(jù)及導(dǎo)演觀點(diǎn)，指出“AI將很快成為日常生活的一部分”和“未來電影制作可能更普及”。作者始終以積極視角描述AI在電影中的發(fā)展，故態(tài)度為樂觀的。故選D項(xiàng)。DIntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging(包裝)itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart-forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive(動(dòng)機(jī))forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?Governments’incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap(氣泡墊)thatencasedyourtelevision?Fromthegovernments’pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.12.What’sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.toshowthewastefulnessofAmericans.B.todrawattentiontothee-wasteproblem.C.tohighlighttheimportanceofrecyclingcell-phones.D.tocomparetheamountofe-wastewiththatoftraditionalgarbage.13.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Poorcountriesshouldstoprecyclinge-waste.B.Recyclinge-wasteiscompletelyharmlesstotheenvironment.C.Thecurrentrecyclingmethodsofe-wasteneedtobeimproved.D.E-wasteisnotworthrecyclingbecauseofitsharmfulsubstances.14.Theconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityismainlytomakeproducers.A.paymoretaxestothegovernmentB.reducetheproductionofelectronicproductsC.producemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyproductsD.takemoreresponsibilityforwastemanagement15.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thevarioustypesofe-waste. B.Theimportanceofrecyclinge-waste.C.Theproblemsandsolutionsofe-waste. D.Theprocessofproducinge-waste.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章指出電子垃圾問題日益嚴(yán)重，闡述了其危害，也介紹了如讓生產(chǎn)者承擔(dān)更多責(zé)任等解決辦法?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncellphonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cellphonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.(僅在美國(guó)，每年就有超過1億部手機(jī)被扔掉。手機(jī)是像電腦和個(gè)人數(shù)字助理等日益增多的電子垃圾的一部分。整個(gè)電子垃圾的增長(zhǎng)速度是傳統(tǒng)垃圾的三倍)”和后文內(nèi)容可知，第一段通過列舉美國(guó)手機(jī)丟棄數(shù)量以及電子垃圾增長(zhǎng)速度等數(shù)據(jù)，目的是引起人們對(duì)電子垃圾問題的關(guān)注，進(jìn)而引出下文對(duì)于電子垃圾問題的討論。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.(即使機(jī)器被回收并去除了有害金屬，回收過程通常在貧窮國(guó)家進(jìn)行，而且?guī)缀跏遣皇芸刂频?，這使得許多有毒物質(zhì)排放到環(huán)境中)”可知，當(dāng)前電子垃圾的回收方式存在讓有毒物質(zhì)進(jìn)入環(huán)境的問題，由此可推斷，目前電子垃圾的回收方法需要改進(jìn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Fromthegovernments’pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtaxpayersbacktotheproducers.(從政府的角度來看，要求生產(chǎn)者承擔(dān)更多責(zé)任的法律的一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)是將廢物管理的成本和實(shí)際責(zé)任從政府和納稅人轉(zhuǎn)移回生產(chǎn)者)”可知，生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸概念主要是讓生產(chǎn)者對(duì)廢物管理承擔(dān)更多責(zé)任。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第三段中“Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.(電子垃圾還含有許多有毒金屬)”、第五段中“Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestartforinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.(個(gè)人可以從一開始就減少產(chǎn)生的垃圾，比如購(gòu)買可重復(fù)使用的產(chǎn)品和進(jìn)行回收利用，來減少對(duì)環(huán)境的影響)”和第六段中“Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive(動(dòng)機(jī))forreducingwaste.(在許多國(guó)家，擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任的概念正在考慮或已付諸實(shí)施，作為減少?gòu)U物的一種激勵(lì)措施)”等內(nèi)容可知，文章既提到了電子垃圾帶來的問題，也給出了一些解決辦法。所以本文主要討論了電子垃圾的問題和解決辦法。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TipstoLimitPhoneUseDuringtheHolidaysHolidaysareatimetocometogetherandmakememories.____16____“Screenscanbeabarriertotrueconnectionduringtheholidays,”saysHansaBhargava,MD,anAtlanta-basedpediatricianandspokespersonfortheCenterforExcellenceinMediaandMentalHealthattheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics.Tohelpfamiliesstayinthepresentthisholidayseason,Bhargavasharedhertopfourtipsforsettinghealthierboundariesforscreenuse.____17____Bhargavarecommendedkickingofftheholidaysbysittingdownwithyourfamilytodiscusstheimportanceofspendingtimetogetherwithoutscreens.Asimpleconversationaboutwhythismatterscansetthetonefortheseason,shesaid.AgreeonrulesandconsequencesSetclearexpectationsaroundwhenandwherephonesshouldbeputaway,suchasduringmeals,familywalks,orgift-opening.____18____.Establishingtheserulesbeforetheholidayscanmakeiteasiertoenforcethemlater.TailorguidelinesbyageYoungerchildrenmayneedstricterboundaries,likehandingovertheirdevicesduringspecifictimes.____19____.Makingthempartofthedecision-makingprocesshelpspreventpowerstruggles.PlanengagingfamilyactivitiesReplacescreentimewithplannedactivitieslikemovienights,bakingcookies,orplayingboardgames.Onerecentstudyfoundthatpreteenswhounplugforevenafewdaysimprovetheirabilitytoreademotionalcuesbyover30%.____20____A.BearolemodelB.StartwithafamilyconversationC.Childrenoftenmirrortheirparents’behaviorD.Forteensandtweens,expectsomenegotiationE.KeepingeveryoneengagedhelpsmakescreenslesstemptingF.AgreeonconsequencesaheadoftimesotherearenosurprisesG.Buttoooften,phonestakeoverandstealthemomentsthatmattermost【答案】16.G17.B18.F19.D20.E【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。本文圍繞假期期間如何限制手機(jī)使用展開，給出了相關(guān)建議，旨在讓家庭在假期更好地相聚交流。【16題詳析】前文“Holidaysareatimetocometogetherandmakememories.(假期是相聚并創(chuàng)造回憶的時(shí)刻)”闡述假期的意義，空處應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)折說明實(shí)際情況，G選項(xiàng)“但很多時(shí)候，手機(jī)會(huì)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)，偷走最重要的時(shí)刻”，體現(xiàn)手機(jī)對(duì)假期美好時(shí)刻的影響，與后文提到手機(jī)影響交流銜接，符合語境。故選G?！?7題詳析】下文“Bhargavarecommendedkickingofftheholidaysbysittingdownwithyourfamilytodiscusstheimportanceofspendingtimetogetherwithoutscreens.(Bhargava建議通過和家人坐下來討論不使用電子設(shè)備共度時(shí)光的重要性來開啟假期)”，是在說以和家人交流討論開啟假期的方式，B選項(xiàng)“以家庭交流開啟”能概括這一內(nèi)容，可作該段主旨句，引出下文。故選B?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Agreeonrulesandconsequences(商定規(guī)則和后果)”以及前文“Setclearexpectationsaroundwhenandwherephonesshouldbeputaway,suchasduringmeals,familywalks,orgift-opening.(明確在何時(shí)、何地應(yīng)將手機(jī)收起的要求，比如在用餐時(shí)、家庭散步時(shí)或拆禮物時(shí))”講設(shè)定規(guī)則，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“提前商定好后果，這樣就不會(huì)有意外情況”對(duì)應(yīng)“后果”方面，符合段落圍繞規(guī)則和后果展開的邏輯。故選F?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Tailorguidelinesbyage(按年齡定制規(guī)則)”以及前文“Youngerchildrenmayneedstricterboundaries,likehandingovertheirdevicesduringspecifictimes.(年幼的孩子可能需要更嚴(yán)格的限制，比如在特定時(shí)間交出他們的電子設(shè)備)”講年幼孩子的情況，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于青少年和少年，預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有一些協(xié)商”圍繞青少年群體，與前文按年齡分類對(duì)應(yīng)，符合語境。故選D?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Planengagingfamilyactivities(規(guī)劃有趣的家庭活動(dòng))”以及前文“Replacescreentimewithplannedactivitieslikemovienights,bakingcookies,orplayingboardgames.(用諸如電影之夜、烘焙餅干或玩桌面游戲之類的有規(guī)劃的活動(dòng)來取代屏幕使用時(shí)間)”講用活動(dòng)替代屏幕時(shí)間，E選項(xiàng)“讓每個(gè)人都參與進(jìn)來有助于降低手機(jī)的吸引力”說明這樣做的效果，承接前文，符合邏輯。故選E。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。KaiMcKenziecouldhavegivenup.Noonewouldhave____21____theprofessionalsurferfortossinghisboardaside.Buthedidn’t.Afteran____22____fightwithamonstrous10to15-footshark,Kaihoppedbackintothewaterthreemonthslater.OnJuly23,while____23____atNorthShoreBeachinPortMacquarie,NewSouthWales,Kai____24____the“biggestsharkI’veeverseen.”Kai’srightlegwascutoffabovetheknee.Themomenthereturnedtoshore,agroupofkind-heartedbystandersimmediatelyspranginto____25____.Withcalmandquickhands,they____26____toprovidefirstaidandpackedthefoundleginice,anditwas____27____tothehospitalbyambulancewithKai.Doctorscouldnotreattachthe____28____,buttheystabilizedKaiandgothimontheroadto____29____.Asanamputee(被截肢的人),Kaihadtorelearnallthe_____30_____thingslikebalance.Balancingononelegbecameadailystruggle,butwithsheerdetermination,hemasteredtheuseofthewalkingstickandhis_____31_____legtowalk.Hewasbackinthewaterwhenhegotclearance(批準(zhǔn))toreturntosurfing.Hisfirstshorttripwasreturningtotheplacewheretheshark_____32_____him.Standingonhisboard,withtheoceanbreezeinhishairandaglimmerofnervousnessinhiseyes,headmittedthatfearstilllingered.However,thatfearonly_____33_____hisdesiretoconquerit.Inhis23years,Kaiisnostrangertopushingthe_____34_____.Hisfirstoutingwasabitunsteadyononeleg,butitisonlyamatterof_____35_____beforeKaiMcKenzieisbacktorulingthewaves.Pushon,Kai.21.A.detected B.investigated C.negotiated D.blamed22.A.unfortunate B.additional C.appealing D.annoying23.A.hiking B.surfing C.cycling D.skiing24.A.raninto B.lookedinto C.gotinto D.turnedinto25.A.life B.interest C.action D.fame26.A.rushed B.competed C.hesitated D.monitored27.A.assigned B.transported C.gifted D.recycled28.A.hand B.finger C.knee D.leg29.A.success B.attitude C.recovery D.proposal30.A.simple B.complex C.abstract D.dramatic31.A.thorough B.remaining C.comic D.frozen32.A.killed B.fought C.attacked D.sought33.A.responded B.struggled C.insisted D.fueled34.A.evaluation B.limits C.priority D.boost35.A.courage B.confidence C.time D.power【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.C30.A31.B32.C33.D34.B35.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了職業(yè)沖浪者KaiMcKenzie在遭遇鯊魚襲擊失去右腿后，憑借頑強(qiáng)的意志重新站起來并重返沖浪領(lǐng)域的故事，展現(xiàn)了他勇于挑戰(zhàn)極限、戰(zhàn)勝恐懼的精神?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有人會(huì)責(zé)怪這位職業(yè)沖浪者把沖浪板扔到一邊。A.detected探測(cè)；B.investigated調(diào)查；C.negotiated協(xié)商；D.blamed責(zé)怪。根據(jù)前文“KaiMcKenziecouldhavegivenup.”以及后文“surferfortossinghisboardaside.”可知，在經(jīng)歷鯊魚襲擊這樣的災(zāi)難后，Kai本可以放棄，放棄是情有可原的，因此沒人會(huì)“責(zé)怪”他。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在與一條10到15英尺長(zhǎng)的可怕鯊魚進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)不幸的搏斗后，Kai在三個(gè)月后跳回了水中。A.unfortunate不幸的；B.additional額外的；C.appealing吸引人的；D.annoying煩人的。根據(jù)后文“Kai’srightlegwascutoffabovetheknee.”可知，這場(chǎng)與鯊魚的搏斗導(dǎo)致Kai嚴(yán)重受傷，顯然是一場(chǎng)不幸的遭遇。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：7月23日，在新南威爾士州麥覺理港的北岸海灘沖浪時(shí)，Kai遇到了“我見過的最大的鯊魚”。A.hiking徒步；B.surfing沖浪；C.cycling騎行；D.skiing滑雪。根據(jù)前文“Noonewouldhave_______theprofessionalsurferfortossinghisboardaside.”可知，Kai的職業(yè)是沖浪者，事件發(fā)生在他沖浪時(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：7月23日，在新南威爾士州麥覺理港的北岸海灘沖浪時(shí)，Kai遇到了“我見過的最大的鯊魚”。A.raninto遇到；B.lookedinto調(diào)查；C.gotinto陷入；D.turnedinto變成。根據(jù)前文的“OnJuly23,while_______atNorthShoreBeachinPortMacquarie,NewSouthWales,Kai_______the“biggestsharkI’veeverseen.”可知，Kai在日常沖浪時(shí)遇到了鯊魚，raninto意為遇到，符合語義。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他一回到岸邊，一群善良的旁觀者立即行動(dòng)起來。A.life生命；B.interest興趣；C.action行動(dòng)；D.fame名聲。根據(jù)后文“Withcalmandquickhands,they_______toprovidefirstaidandpackedthefoundleginice”可知，旁觀者立刻開始實(shí)施急救，springintoaction為固定短語，意為立即行動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們冷靜而迅速地沖過去提供急救，并將找到的腿用冰包裝好，然后和Kai一起用救護(hù)車運(yùn)送到醫(yī)院。A.rushed沖；B.competed競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；C.hesitated猶豫；D.monitored監(jiān)控。根據(jù)后文“providefirstaidandpackedthefoundleginice,anditwas_______tothehospitalbyambulancewithKai.”可知，情況緊急，旁觀者應(yīng)沖過去進(jìn)行急救，體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的緊迫性。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們冷靜而迅速地沖過去提供急救，并將找到的腿用冰包裝好，然后和Kai一起用救護(hù)車運(yùn)送到醫(yī)院。A.assigned分配；B.transported運(yùn)輸；C.gifted贈(zèng)送；D.recycled回收。根據(jù)前文的“they_______toprovidefirstaidandpackedthefoundleginice,anditwas_______tothehospitalbyambulancewithKai.”可知，斷腿通過救護(hù)車運(yùn)送至醫(yī)院，transported符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生無法重新接上斷腿，但他們穩(wěn)定了Kai的狀況，讓他走上了康復(fù)之路。A.hand手；B.finger手指；C.knee膝蓋；D.leg腿。根據(jù)前文“they_______toprovidefirstaidandpackedthefoundleginice,”可知，Kai失去的是右腿，醫(yī)生無法再接上腿。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生無法重新接上斷腿，但他們穩(wěn)定了Kai的狀況，讓他走上了康復(fù)之路。A.success成功；B.attitude態(tài)度；C.recovery康復(fù)；D.proposal提議。根據(jù)前文的“Doctorscouldnotreattachthe______,buttheystabilizedKaiandgothimontheroad”可知，醫(yī)生穩(wěn)定了他的病情，接下來是康復(fù)過程。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名截肢者，Kai不得不重新學(xué)習(xí)所有簡(jiǎn)單的事情，比如平衡。A.simple簡(jiǎn)單的；B.complex復(fù)雜的；C.abstract抽象的；D.dramatic戲劇性的。根據(jù)后文“Balancingononelegbecameadailystruggle,butwithsheerdetermination”可知，平衡是日常生活中簡(jiǎn)單的基本技能，但對(duì)截肢者來說需要重新學(xué)習(xí)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：?jiǎn)瓮绕胶獬闪巳粘５奶魬?zhàn)，但憑借堅(jiān)定的決心，他掌握了用拐杖和剩下的腿走路的方法。A.thorough徹底的；B.remaining剩下的；C.comic滑稽的；D.frozen冷凍的。根據(jù)前文“Kai’srightlegwascutoffabovetheknee.”可知Kai失去了右腿，因此用剩下的左腿配合拐杖行走。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他的第一次短途旅行是回到鯊魚襲擊他的地方。A.killed殺死；B.fought戰(zhàn)斗；C.attacked襲擊；D.sought尋找。根據(jù)前文“Afteran______fightwithamonstrous10to15-footshark,Kaihoppedbackintothewaterthreemonthslater.”可知，Kai在沖浪時(shí)被鯊魚攻擊導(dǎo)致截肢，此處指回到被襲擊的地點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。【33題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這種恐懼只會(huì)激發(fā)他征服它的欲望。A.responded回應(yīng)；B.struggled掙扎；C.insisted堅(jiān)持；D.fueled激發(fā)。根據(jù)前文的“However”以及后文“Inhis23years,Kaiisnostrangertopushingthe_______.”可知，恐懼沒有讓Kai退縮，反而激發(fā)了他的斗志。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在23年的人生中，Kai對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)極限并不陌生。A.evaluation評(píng)估；B.limits極限；C.priority優(yōu)先；D.boost推動(dòng)。根據(jù)前文“Afteran______fightwithamonstrous10to15-footshark,Kaihoppedbackintothewaterthreemonthslater.”Kai克服困難重返沖浪可知，他習(xí)慣于挑戰(zhàn)極限，pushthelimits為固定搭配，意為“挑戰(zhàn)極限”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他第一次外出時(shí)單腿有點(diǎn)不穩(wěn)，但KaiMcKenzie重返浪尖只是時(shí)間問題。A.courage勇氣；B.confidence信心；C.time時(shí)間；D.power力量。根據(jù)語境以及前文的“Hisfirstoutingwasabitunsteadyononeleg”可知，雖然初次嘗試不穩(wěn)，但Kai最終會(huì)成功，這只是時(shí)間問題。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinahasapprovedthe____36____(construct)ofwhatwillbetheworld’slargesthydropowerdam.Thedam,____37____(locate)inthelowerreachesoftheYarlungZangboRiver,isexpectedtoproduce300billion