PAGE1專題10形式主語it的用法內(nèi)容早知道?第一層鞏固提升練考點(diǎn)一it作形式主語，真正的主語是從句的用法考點(diǎn)二it作形式主語，真正的主語是不定式的用法?第二層能力培優(yōu)練?第三層拓展突破練?第四層高考真題練當(dāng)主語部分較長時(shí)，為了不出現(xiàn)“頭重腳輕”的問題。在英語中，我們常常將真正的主語部分后置，而使用it做形式主語。其中真正的主語主要有不定式、動(dòng)名詞和從句。本章節(jié)重點(diǎn)講解it作形式主語，真正的主語是從句和不定式。it作形式主語，真正的主語是從句的用法【知識積累·練前熱身】【知識積累·練前熱身】1.課本經(jīng)典句式It’samazingthattherearemorethan8,000

statues,andnooneinmoderntimesknewaboutthemuntilthe1970s.(人教版2019必修一Unit2)那里有8000多座俑像，直到20世紀(jì)70年代才為人所知，想想這一切，真是非常神奇。2.常見的結(jié)構(gòu)（1）It+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞(possible/natural/certain/strange/necessary/important…)+that從句。Itisobviousthatwehavetowalkhome.很明顯我們不得不走回家。注意：當(dāng)形容詞是important/natural/necessary/strange/essential/surprising等時(shí)，從句的謂語常用should+動(dòng)詞原形，并且should還可以省略。Itisnecessarythatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.我們學(xué)好英語是必要的。（2）It+be動(dòng)詞+名詞（apity/honour/problem/shame/surprise/fact/nowonder/goodnews…）+that從句。Itisapitythatwemissedtheflight.很遺憾我們錯(cuò)過了航班。Itisapitythatwemissedtheflight.很遺憾我們錯(cuò)過了航班。ItisanhonourthatIcangivethisspeechhere.很榮幸我能在這里演講。（3）It+過去分詞（known/said/reported/believed/announced/accepted/found/claimed/declared/thought/hoped/suggested/estimated/demanded/required/recommended）+that從句。Itissaidthatthewarwillendthisyear.據(jù)說戰(zhàn)爭今年會結(jié)束。注意：過去分詞是suggested/demanded/required/commanded/recommended/ordered等時(shí)，從句的謂語常用should+動(dòng)詞原形，并且should還可以省略。Itisrecommendedthatwe(should)stayinthemountainintheday.根據(jù)推薦我們白天應(yīng)該待在山里。（4）It+其他動(dòng)詞（turnout/happen/appear/occurtosb/hitsb/strikesb）+that從句。Itturnedoutthathefailedtofindhiswifethere.結(jié)果是他沒能在哪里找到他的妻子。1.__________seemsthatmosthouseshavebeendestroyedbythestorm.【答案】It【詳解】句意：暴風(fēng)雨似乎摧毀了大多數(shù)房屋?？疾閕t作形式主語。分析句子可知，此處用it作形式主語，“mosthouseshavebeendestroyedbythestorm”作真正的主語，且首字母大寫。故填I(lǐng)t。2.Itisestimated________upto60%ofthelocalpopulationisbeingreachedthroughtheseradiobroadcasts.【答案】that【詳解】句意：據(jù)估計(jì)，多達(dá)60%的當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谡ㄟ^這些無線電廣播得到廣播?？疾橹髡Z從句。分析句子，句中it為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作成分，只起到引導(dǎo)作用。故填that。3._______suddenlyhithimthathecouldjointhecharitytohelpthehomeless.【答案】It【詳解】句意：他突然想到他可以加入慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助無家可歸者。考查固定句型。ithit(s)sbthat…“某人突然想起某事”是固定句型，it用作形式主語，真正的主語是that從句。句首字母大寫，故填I(lǐng)t。4.Youcouldnottakebackabooktothelibraryonthesamedayyou’dtakenitout;________madenodifferencetoherthatyou’dreadeverywordinitandneededanothertostart.【答案】it【詳解】句意：你不能在借出一本書的當(dāng)天就把它還給圖書館：你讀了書里面的每一個(gè)字和需要另一本書來讀，這對她來說都沒有影響。考查it作形式主語。分析句子可知，空后的分句中，空處it為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。故填it。5.________issuggestedthatonnooccasionshouldyoutellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.【答案】It【詳解】句意：建議你在任何情況下都不要告訴別人你的電子郵件帳戶的密碼。考查it做形式主語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，thatonnooccasionshouldyoutellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount是主語從句做真正的主語，所以要用it做形式主語。故填I(lǐng)t。6.________neveroccurredtomethathewouldfailintheexam.【答案】It【詳解】句意：我從來沒想過他考試失敗?？疾楣潭ň湫?。Itoccurredtosb.that…是固定句型，表示“某人突然想到……”，it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句作真正的主語，故填I(lǐng)t。7.Itisagreatpity________youcouldn'tvisittheForbiddenCitywhenyouwereinBeijing.【答案】that【詳解】句意:你在北京時(shí)沒能參觀故宮真是太遺憾了。考查主語從句。結(jié)合句意表示“……太遺憾”可知句型為Itisagreatpitythat...,it為形式主語,that引導(dǎo)主語從句。故填that。8.Itisreported_______thegovernmentisgoingtoclosethefactory.【答案】that【詳解】句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，政府要關(guān)閉這家工廠。考查主語從句。Itis/wasreportedthat...，表示“據(jù)報(bào)道”，本結(jié)構(gòu)中it為形式主語，真正的主語為that從句。根據(jù)題意，所以設(shè)空處填that。故填that。9.It________(acknowledge)thatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality.【答案】isacknowledged

【詳解】句意：普遍認(rèn)為應(yīng)該從綜合素質(zhì)方面去評價(jià)學(xué)生。考查謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句式可知，考查固定句型Itis+said/reported/suggested…that…表示“據(jù)說、認(rèn)為”，故此處填寫Itisacknowledgedthat…意思是“據(jù)認(rèn)為”。故填isacknowledged。10.It

worried

her

a

bit

_____

her

hair

was

turning

grey.【答案】that【詳解】句意：她的頭發(fā)變得灰白，這讓她有點(diǎn)焦急。考查主語從句。這里句首的it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的her

hair

was

turning

grey，that只起連接作用，沒實(shí)際意義。故填that。it作形式主語，真正的主語是不定式的用法【知識積累·練前熱身】【知識積累·練前熱身】1.課本經(jīng)典句式（1）Itisnotunusualfor

teenagers

ofyour

generation

tobe

attracted

tocomputergamesandtheonlineworld.Butspendingtoomuchtimeonline

isunhealthyandmakesitverydifficultto

focus

onotherthingsinlife.(人教版2019必修一Unit1)對于你們這一代的青少年來說，被電腦游戲和網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界所吸引并不罕見。但是花太多的時(shí)間在網(wǎng)上是不健康的，讓你很難集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。（2）Therecomesatimewhentheoldmustgivewayto

thenew,anditisnotpossibletopreserve

everythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.(人教版2019必修二Unit1)新舊更替的時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來，在走向未來的過程中，我們不可能將過去的一切都保存下來。（3）Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathto

thefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast,buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.(人教版2019必修二Unit1)這些國家不僅找到了一條不以犧牲古跡為代價(jià)的未來發(fā)展之路，而且明白了多個(gè)國家合作創(chuàng)造美好未來的可能性。（4）Isitrighttomakeanimalshomelesssothathumanscanhavemorepaper?(人教版2019必修二Unit2)為了讓人類有更多的紙張，就讓動(dòng)物無家可歸，這樣做對嗎？2.常見的結(jié)構(gòu)（1）It＋be＋形容詞（difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/necessary…）＋forsb＋todo【形容詞側(cè)重描述不定式動(dòng)作的特性、特點(diǎn)】Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.（2）It＋be＋形容詞（careless/clever/foolish/silly/kind/lazy/honest/stupid/wise/rude/polite…）＋ofsb＋todo【形容詞側(cè)重評價(jià)人物的特性、特征、品質(zhì)】Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.（3）It＋be＋名詞（apity/fact/shame/question/pleasure,anhonor,one’sduty）＋todo【名詞多為抽象名詞】It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.（4）Ittakessb+time/money/patience

/

courage

/skill/imagination…to

doHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?（5）Itseems(appears)＋形容詞＋todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.1.AsmalltowninEnglandisteachingtheworldthatitisimportant________(grow)yourownfood.【答案】togrow【詳解】句意：英國的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)正在告訴全世界，種植自己的食物很重要?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式作主語。分析句子可知，此處為固定句型itis+形容詞+todo，表示“做某事是怎樣的”，其中it作形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式todo作真正的主語。故填togrow。2.Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake

(get)there.【答案】toget【詳解】句意：在去那所房子的路上，雨下得如此之大以至于我們?nèi)滩蛔∠胫肋€要多久才能到那里。考查動(dòng)詞不定式作主語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在“Ittakessometimetodosth.”句型中，it

作形式主語，time作賓語，動(dòng)詞不定式作真正主語。句中在用howlong對對賓語時(shí)間提問，不影響不定式的使用，故答案為toget。故填toget。3.Itistheirresponsibility________(ensure)thattherulesareenforced.【答案】toensure【詳解】句意：他們有責(zé)任確保制度的執(zhí)行。考查動(dòng)詞不定式作主語。本句中It是形式主語，空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞不定式，作真正的主語。故填toensure。4.Itisverykindyoutogivemeahandintime.【答案】of【詳解】句意：你及時(shí)幫了我一把，真是太好了。考查介詞。本句包含It＋be＋形容詞＋ofsb＋todo句式。Kind是描述you，側(cè)重評價(jià)人物的特性、特征、品質(zhì)，故填介詞of。5.Itiscrucial________(step)upinternationalcooperationtominimizetheCOVID-19’simpactoneconomicgrowth.【答案】tostep【詳解】句意：加強(qiáng)國際合作，減少新冠肺炎疫情對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響是至關(guān)重要的。考查動(dòng)詞不定式作主語。分析句子可知，此處用了Itisadj.todosth.的固定句型，It作形式主語，真正的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式，空處應(yīng)用tostep。故填tostep。6.Ittakesmealongtime________(finish)toprojectsothatIfeeltootiredtowalkanyfurther.【答案】tofinish【詳解】句意：我花了很長時(shí)間才完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，以至于我累得走不動(dòng)了?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式?！癷ttakessbsometimetodosth”為固定句型，意為“花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間去做某事”，it是形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式是真正的主語，故填tofinish。7.Theposterwarnspeoplethatit’sillegal________(hunt)endangeredanimalsinthereserve.【答案】tohunt【詳解】句意：海報(bào)警告人們在保護(hù)區(qū)捕獵瀕危動(dòng)物是非法的。考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：Itis+形容詞+todosth.做某事，it作形式主語，真正的主語為不定式。根據(jù)句意，故填tohunt。8.It’spossible_________(give)withoutloving,butitisnotpossibletolovewithoutgiving.【答案】togive【詳解】句意：可以付出而不愛，但不可能只愛而不付出?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式作主語。分析句子可知，空處是固定句型itispossibletodosth.“有可能做……”，it在句中作形式主語，不定式作真正的主語。故填togive。9.It'snotmyjob(lock)up!Sopleasedon'tmakemedoit.【答案】tolock【詳解】句意：上鎖不是我的事兒!所以請不要讓我做這件事情?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式作主語。分析題干可知，本題考查“Itbe+one'sjob+todosth.”，故答案為tolock。10.Itispossible

(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.【答案】【詳解】句意：可以步行或騎自行車走14公里?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式作主語。分析句子可知，此處考查句型“It+be+adj.+todosth.”，it作形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式作真正主語。故答案填towalk。一、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的A、B、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Asdesperateparentsofadaughterbornwithcerebralpalsy(腦癱),wewerequicktotryanysuggestionthatwebelievedcouldhelpher.Oneday,weweretravellingtoavillagefor

1

whenwehada(n)

2

.So,therewewere—afamilyofthree—stranded.3

,therewereseveralrestaurantswhereIsoughthelp.I

4

amiddle-agedMuslimmaninplainpyjamaspassingbyandexplainedmy

5

tohim.Hesaidheknewofa

6

centrecloseby,andthengentlyadded,“Askyourfamilytowaithere.Theroadsarenotsafe.”Myanxiety

7

,butwehadnochoice.Henoticedthatour9-year-olddaughtercouldn’twalk,andcalledawomanfromafoodstalltohelp.Sensingmyfearatleavingthemalone,hequickly8

,“Icangoandgettheflattyrefixed.”Itriedtopayhimforthe

9

butheonlysaid,“Wecanfigureitoutlater.”Afterwaitingforwhatfeltlikehours,Iwonderedifhewould10

return.Whatifitwasallatrick?Thewomanwhohelpedearlier

11

us,“Don’tworry.He’llbebacksoon.”Butherwordswereoflittle

12

.Twohourslater,withmidnightapproaching,wefinallyheardthesoundofabike.“Theshopis

13

fifteenkilometresaway.Wedidn’ttellyou,becausethatwouldhaveincreasedyour

14

,”saidtheman.Hethenputthewheel

15

.Itookouta500-rupeenotetopayhimforhispains,butherefused.“Thankyou,brother,”wasallIcouldsay.Chokedwithgratitude,Ididn’tevenremembertoaskhisname.1.A.safety B.work C.treatment D.charity2.A.plan B.flat C.crash D.emergency3.A.Obviously B.Hopefully C.Eventually D.Fortunately4.A.cameacross B.pickedup C.fellfor D.tookon5.A.consideration B.situation C.hesitation D.motivation6.A.repair B.medical C.shopping D.research7.A.worsened B.decreased C.occurred D.faded8.A.joked B.whispered C.screamed D.volunteered9.A.trouble B.expense C.assignment D.deal10.A.yet B.just C.ever D.only11.A.warned B.persuaded C.interrupted D.assured12.A.comfort B.value C.importance D.guidance13.A.actually B.unbelievably C.unexpectedly D.absolutely14.A.awkwardnessB.hesitation C.worry D.puzzle15.A.instore B.inpower C.inorder D.inplace【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.A7.A8.D9.B10.C

11.D12.A

13.A

14.C

15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在帶女兒看病的路上車輛發(fā)生故障，得到當(dāng)?shù)厝苏塘x幫助的故事。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，我們?nèi)ヒ粋€(gè)村莊治療時(shí)，我們的自行車輪胎癟了。A.safety安全；B.work工作；C.treatment治療；D.charity慈善。分析前文句意可知，前文提到女兒患有腦癱，夫妻尋找一切方法來幫助，可見前往小鎮(zhèn)也是為了治療。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，我們?nèi)ヒ粋€(gè)村莊治療時(shí)，我們的自行車輪胎癟了。A.plan計(jì)劃；B.flat平的，癟了；C.crash崩潰；D.emergency緊急。分析后文句子“Icangoandgettheflattyrefixed.”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)指的是癟了的輪胎。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，這兒有幾家餐館我可以尋求幫助。A.Obviously明顯地；B.Hopefully希望地；C.Eventually最終；D.Fortunately幸運(yùn)的是。根據(jù)前文“So,therewewere—afamilyofthree—stranded.(就這樣，我們一家三口陷入困境之中)”及下文“therewereseveralrestaurantswhereIsoughthelp.(這兒有幾家餐館我可以尋求幫助)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填幸運(yùn)的是。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我遇到一位穿著樸素睡衣的中年穆斯林男子經(jīng)過，我向他解釋了我的情況。A.cameacross遇到；B.pickedup撿起；C.fellfor愛上；D.tookon呈現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，這里的意思是我們在當(dāng)?shù)赜龅搅艘粋€(gè)人。故選A項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我遇到一位穿著樸素睡衣的中年穆斯林男子經(jīng)過，我向他解釋了我的情況。A.consideration考慮；B.situation情況；C.hesitation猶豫；D.motivation動(dòng)機(jī)。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，這里的意思是我們向我們所遇到的這位男子解釋我們的情況。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他說他知道附近有一家維修中心，然后又溫和地補(bǔ)充說：“讓你的家人在這里等著。道路不安全。”A.repair修理；B.medical醫(yī)療；C.shopping購物；D.research研究。分析后文“Icangoandgettheflattyrefixed.(我可以去把車胎修好)”可知，這位男子知道附近有一家修理中心。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的焦慮加劇了，但我們別無選擇。A.worsened惡化，加??；B.decreased減少；C.occurred發(fā)生；D.faded褪色。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，作者他們陷入了困境，而求助的這位男子還告訴他們路上不安全，所以作者焦慮的心情更加加劇了。設(shè)空處應(yīng)填加劇。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：察覺到我離開他們時(shí)的恐懼，他趕緊主動(dòng)說:“我可以去把車胎修好。”。A.joked開玩笑說；B.whispered低聲說；C.screamed尖叫；D.volunteered自愿。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Henoticedthatour9-year-olddaughtercouldn’twalk,andcalledawomanfromafoodstalltohelp.(他注意到我們9歲的女兒不能走路，就從食品攤上叫了一個(gè)女人來幫忙)”及下文內(nèi)容這名男子去幫作者把輪胎修好了?？芍O(shè)空處應(yīng)填自愿。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想給他付這筆費(fèi)用，但他只說：“我們以后再解決這個(gè)問題?！盇.trouble麻煩；B.expense費(fèi)用；C.assignment賦值；D.deal交易。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者相向這名男子支付修理自行車的費(fèi)用。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我好像等了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，不知道他究竟還會不會回來。A.yet還；B.just只是；C.ever究竟；D.only只。根據(jù)下文“Don’tworry.He’llbebacksoon.”可知，這里表達(dá)作者的擔(dān)心，所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)填究竟。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：之前幫忙的那位女士向我們保證說：“別擔(dān)心。他很快就回來。”A.warned警告；B.persuaded說服；C.interrupted中斷；D.assured保證。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，幫助我們的那位女士看出了作者的擔(dān)心，她想打消作者的疑慮，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填保證。故選D項(xiàng)。【12題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但她的話并沒有給人帶來多少安慰。A.comfort舒適，安慰；B.value價(jià)值；C.importance重要性；D.guidance指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上句“Don’tworry.He’llbebacksoon.(別擔(dān)心。他很快就回來)”可知，那位女士是在安慰作者。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“這家商店實(shí)際上有十五公里遠(yuǎn)。我們沒有告訴你，因?yàn)槟菚黾幽愕膽n慮?！边@位男士說。A.actually實(shí)際上；B.unbelievably難以置信地；C.unexpectedly意外；D.absolutely絕對地。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，設(shè)空處表達(dá)的是修理商店事實(shí)上離這里有15公里遠(yuǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“這家商店實(shí)際上有十五公里遠(yuǎn)。我們沒有告訴你，因?yàn)槟菚黾幽愕膽n慮。”這位男士說。A.awkwardness尷尬；B.hesitation猶豫；C.worry擔(dān)心，憂慮；D.puzzle謎。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，設(shè)空處表達(dá)的是這位男子沒有告訴作者實(shí)情，因?yàn)槟菚黾幼髡叩膽n慮。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：然后他把輪子放回原位。A.instore在商店；B.inpower掌權(quán)；C.inorder整齊，井然有序；D.inplace在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?。根?jù)上下文語境及常識可知，設(shè)空處表達(dá)的是這位男子將修好的輪胎安裝到原位。故選D項(xiàng)。二、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Operaisanartformthatcelebratesthehumanvoice.Nootherartformcreatesexcitementandmovestheheartinthewaythatoperadoes,especiallywhenperformedbyagreatsinger.OperaisanimportantpartoftheWesternclassicalmusictradition.Itusesmusic,words,andactionstobringadramaticstorytolife.OperastartedinItalyattheendofthe16thcenturyandlaterbecamepopularthroughoutEurope.Overtheyears,ithasrespondedtovariousmusicals.Inrecentdecades,muchwideraudienceshavebeenintroducedtooperathroughmodernrecordingtechnology.Somesingershavebecomecelebritiesthankstoperformingonradio,onTV,andinthecinema.However,inrecentyears,operahasbeenfacingseriouschallenges.Onecurrentchallengetooperaiseconomic.Theshortageofmoneyraisesthebroaderquestionofhowmuchshouldbepaidtosupportoperasingersandotherartists.Societyseemstoacceptthelargesalariespaidtobusinessmanagersandthemulti-million-dollarcontractsgiventosportsathletes.Butwhataboutoperasingers?Somehow,peoplehavetheideathatartistscanbecreativeonlyiftheysufferinpoverty,butthisisunrealistic.Ifartists,includingoperasingers,lackthesupporttheyneed,valuabletalentiswasted.Notonlytheshortageofmoney,butalsothewaymoneyismanagedintheoperaworldhasledtohardships.Principal(主要的)singersaregenerallypaidperformancefeesoncetheycompleteashow.Theytypicallyreceivenothingduringthemanyweeksofrehearsal(排練)beforeashowstarts.Anotherproblemfacedbyoperaishowtomeetthedemandsofaudienceswhoareinfluencedbypopularentertainment.Popsingersareoftenjudgedasmuchonthebasisofhowtheylookashowtheysound.Thesedemandsmaybeunrealisticandpossiblyharmful.Operasingerssimplycannotmakeasoundbigenoughtofillalargetheaterorconcerthallwithoutamicrophoneiftheirbodyweightistoolow.Emphasizingphysicalappearanceoversingingabilitymaycauseaudiencestomissoutonthehumanvoiceatitsbest.Therearenoeasysolutionstoopera'sproblemsandtherearemanydifferentopinionsaboutthevalueofopera.However,everyyearmanyyoungpeopleregisterformusiccourseswithhopesanddreamsofdevelopingtheirtalentsinthisspecialartform.Thefactthatoperahassurvivedmanyobstaclesandcontinuestoattracttherisinggenerationshowsthatitremainsarespectedartformfullofvalue.1.WhichofthestatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Operasingers'lifestoriesaredramatic.B.OperawillsoonappearonTVandinfilmsC.Operafansthankcelebritiesforperforming.D.Operadevelopsbyadaptingtonewconditions.2.WhatcanweknowfromParagraphs2and3?A.Operasingersarefinanciallyinsecure.B.Operasingerswastetheirvaluabletalent.C.Operasingersgetpaidbeforetheshow.D.Operasingersperformbetteriftheyarepoor.3.WhatdoestheauthortrytosayinParagraph4?A.Popularculturehashadapositiveinfluenceonopera.B.Audiencesknowbesthowoperashouldbeperformed.C.Microphonesshouldbeusedtomakeoperamoreenjoyable.D.Operasingers'voicesshouldbevaluedmorethantheirlooks.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheEconomicChallengetoOpera

B.OperaFacedwiththeDifficultiesC.OperaasPartofPopularCulture

D.TheHistoricalContextofOpera【答案】1.D

2.A

3.D

4.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。近年來，歌劇面臨著很多嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，但歌劇依然有著頑強(qiáng)的生命力。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一段第五句到第七句“OperastartedinItalyattheendofthe16thcenturyandlaterbecamepopularthroughoutEurope.Overtheyears,ithasrespondedtovariousmusicals.Inrecentdecades,muchwideraudienceshavebeenintroducedtooperathroughmodernrecordingtechnology.”（歌劇起源于16世紀(jì)末的意大利，后來風(fēng)靡整個(gè)歐洲。多年來，它對各種音樂劇做出了回應(yīng)。近幾十年來，通過現(xiàn)代錄音技術(shù)，歌劇吸引了更多的觀眾。）可知，歌劇是在適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境中發(fā)展起來的。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Notonlytheshortageofmoney,butalsothewaymoneyismanagedintheoperaworldhasledtohardships.Principal(主要的)singersaregenerallypaidperformancefeesoncetheycompleteashow.Theytypicallyreceivenothingduringthemanyweeksofrehearsal(排練)beforeashowstarts.”（不僅是資金短缺，而且在歌劇界的資金管理方式也導(dǎo)致了困難。首席歌手通常會在演出結(jié)束后獲得演出費(fèi)用。在演出開始前的幾個(gè)星期里，他們通常什么也得不到。）可知，歌劇演員在經(jīng)濟(jì)上沒有保障。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Emphasizingphysicalappearanceoversingingabilitymaycauseaudiencestomissoutonthehumanvoiceatitsbest.”（強(qiáng)調(diào)外表而不是歌唱能力可能會導(dǎo)致觀眾錯(cuò)過人聲的最佳狀態(tài)。）可知，作者在第四段中想表達(dá)的是歌劇演唱者的聲音應(yīng)該比他們的外表更受重視。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“However,inrecentyears,operahasbeenfacingseriouschallenges.”（然而，近年來，歌劇面臨著嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。），第三段第一句“Notonlytheshortageofmoney,butalsothewaymoneyismanagedintheoperaworldhasledtohardships.”（不僅是資金短缺，而且在歌劇界的資金管理方式也導(dǎo)致了困難。）和第四段第一句“Anotherproblemfacedbyoperaishowtomeetthedemandsofaudienceswhoareinfluencedbypopularentertainment.”（歌劇面臨的另一個(gè)問題是如何滿足受大眾娛樂影響的觀眾的需求。）可知，文章主要是講歌劇面臨著很多嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。故選B。三、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。Areportl(show)that38%ofstudentsoftenusetheInternet.Mostofthemget2(use)informationontheInternetandusetheInternettohelpwiththeirstudies.Butmanystudentsdon'tuseit3agoodway.Someplaygamestoomuch,andsomevisitwebsiteswhicharenot4(intend)forthem.SobadthingsmayhappenifstudentsspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.5isimportantforstudentstousetheInternet6(proper).Nowwehaveatextbook,7usesmanyexamplestoteachstudentssomegoodwaystousetheInternet.Itgivesusefuladvice.SomestudentsalsomakefriendsontheInternet.Butifyouwanttohaveaface-to-face8(communicate)withyouronlinefriends,letyourparentsknowandmeetinaproperplace.Inorder9(protect)theyoungergenerationfrombeinginfluencedbythebadfactorsoftheInternet,weneed10(determine)andcouragetodealwithit.【答案】1.shows2.useful3.in4.intended5.it6.properly7.which8.commmunication9.toprotect10.determination【解析】【導(dǎo)語】互聯(lián)網(wǎng)融入了很多年輕人的生活方式，如果要見網(wǎng)友，要告知家人?！?題詳解】考查謂語。報(bào)告“表明”……，該空應(yīng)填謂語。根據(jù)語境，文章是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語是Areport，故此處應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填shows?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞information，故填useful。【3題詳解】考查介詞。“以一種好的方式”,與“way"搭配的是“in”，故填in?！?題詳解】考查非謂語。固定搭配"beintendedfor”專供……使用的，故填intended?！?題詳解】考查代詞。句子包含了itis+adj+forsbtodosth。此處it作形式主語，指代后面的“tousetheInternetproper”，故填it?！?題詳解】考查副詞。應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞“use”，故填properly?！?題詳解】考查連詞。此處是非限制性定語從句。which指代物“textbook”，在定語從句中作主語，故填which?！?題詳解】考查名詞?！懊鎸γ娴慕涣鳌?“face-to-face"形容詞修飾名詞，故填communication?！?題詳解】考查非謂語。“inordertodosth."為了做某事，不定式作目的狀語，故填toprotect。【10題詳解】考查名詞。根據(jù)句意，“我們需要決心和勇氣”。故填determination。一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Eachyear,thewomenofOlneyandLiberalcompeteinanunusualfootrace.Dressedinaprons(圍裙)andheadscarves,theywaitatbothtowns’startinglines.Eachwomanholdsafryingpanwithonepancakeinside.Atthesignal,thewomenflip(輕拋)pancakesandthey’reoff!This“pancakeracing”traditionissaidtohavestartedonShroveTuesday,1445,inOlney.ShroveTuesdayisthedaybeforetheChristianseasonofLent(大齋戒)begins.DuringLent,manypeopledecidetogiveupsugaryorfattyfoods.Legendsaysthatin1445,anOlneywomanwasmakingpancakestouseupsomeofhersugarandcookingfatsbeforeLent.Shelosttrackoftimeandsuddenlyheardthechurchbellsring,signalingthebeginningoftheShroveTuesdayservice.Realizingthatshewasgoingtobelateforchurch,sheracedoutthedoorstillwearingherapronandheadscarfandholdingherfryingpanwithapancakeinit.Inthefollowingyears,thewoman’sneighborsimitatedherdashtochurch,andpancakeracingwasborn.Therulesaresimple.Racersmustwearthetraditionalheadscarfandapron.Theymustfliptheirpancakestwice-oncebeforestartingandonceaftercrossingthefinishline.Aftertherace,thereareShroveTuesdaychurch

services.ThenLiberalandOlneyconnectthroughavideocalltocompareracetimesanddeclareawinner.Inbothtowns,theraceshavegrownintolargerfestivals.Olney’sfestivalisanall-dayeventstartingwithabigpancakebreakfast.Liberal’sfestivallastsfourdaysandincludesaparade,atalentshow,andconteststhatfeatureeatingandflippingpancakes.Althoughthewomen’sraceisstillthemainevent,bothtownsnowholdadditionalracesforboysandgirlsofallages.1.Howdidpancakeracingstart?A.AwomaninOlneycreatedit.B.WomenmadepancakesbeforeLent.C.Awomandashedtochurchwithapancake.D.Peoplefollowedthesuitofaninterestingincident.2.Whatshouldracersobeyduringtherace?A.Theycanwearfashionableheadscarvesandaprons.B.Theymustfliptheirpancakesonceintherace.C.Theymustfliptheirpancakesatthebeginningoftherace.D.Theycanfliptheirpancakesinthemiddleoftherace.3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheracefromthelastparagraph?A.PeoplecanshowtheirtalentinOlneyfestival.B.Peoplecanenjoyaone-dayholidayinLiberal.C.Theraceisnotonlyintendedforwomennow.D.Peoplecanhaveabigpancakebreakfastinbothtowns.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theoriginofpancakeracing.B.Thehistoryofpancakeracing.C.Thedevelopmentofpancakeracing.D.Theintroductiontopancakeracing.【答案】1.D

2.C

3.C

4.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了Olney和Liberal鎮(zhèn)上別開生面的比賽——煎餅賽跑?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Dressedinaprons(圍裙)andheadscarves,theywaitatbothtowns’startinglines.Eachwomanholdsafryingpanwithonepancakeinside.Atthesignal,thewomenflip(輕拋)pancakesandthey’reoff!(她們穿著圍裙，帶著頭巾，在兩個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的起跑線上等待。每個(gè)女人都拿著一個(gè)煎鍋，里面有一個(gè)煎餅。信號一響，女人們就翻煎餅，出發(fā)了！)”可知，人們跟著一件有趣的事情開始煎餅賽跑。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Atthesignal,thewomenflip(輕拋)pancakesandthey’reoff!(信號一響，女人們就翻煎餅，出發(fā)了！)”可知，她們必須在比賽開始時(shí)翻轉(zhuǎn)她們的煎餅。故選C。【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Althoughthewomen’sraceisstillthemainevent,bothtownsnowholdadditionalracesforboysandgirlsofallages.(雖然女子比賽仍是主要賽事，但兩個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)現(xiàn)在都為各個(gè)年齡段的男孩和女孩舉行額外的比賽)”可知，這場比賽現(xiàn)在不僅僅是為女性準(zhǔn)備的。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Eachyear,thewomenofOlneyandLiberalcompeteinanunusualfootrace.Dressedinaprons(圍裙)andheadscarves,theywaitatbothtowns’startinglines.Eachwomanholdsafryingpanwithonepancakeinside.Atthesignal,thewomenflip(輕拋)pancakesandthey’reoff!(每年，Olney和Liberal鎮(zhèn)的婦女都要參加一項(xiàng)不同尋常的賽跑。他們穿著圍裙，帶著頭巾，在兩個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的起跑線上等待。每個(gè)女人都拿著一個(gè)煎鍋，里面有一個(gè)煎餅。信號一響，女人們就翻煎餅，出發(fā)了！)”及對于這一傳統(tǒng)賽事的介紹可知，文章主要介紹了Olney和Liberal鎮(zhèn)上別開生面的比賽——煎餅賽跑。故選D。二、七選五閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenyoufindawaytoenjoywhatyou’restudying,you’llbemoremotivated(激發(fā))todowellinschool—andmightevenhavefundoingit!

1

Ifyoucanfindthethingsyoulikelearningabout,thiscanhelpyoubecomemoreinterestedinschoolingeneral.Thinkaboutwhichclassesyoupaythemostattentionto.Thiscanhelpyouknowwhichsubjectsyouarenaturallyinterestedin.Thinkaboutclassesyoudon’tlikeinanobjective(客觀的)way.

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.Trythinkingaboutthepurposeoftheclassesyouaretakingandthinkaboutclassesassteppingstones.Forexample,ifyouwanttogotocollege,thenyouknowyouneedtodowellinyourhighschoolclasses,andthiscanencourageyoutobecomeinterestedinthem.Reducestress(減輕壓力).Whileacademicdifficultiesinacertainsubjectmightcauseyoutoloseinterestinschool,othercommonstressfactors(因素)candothesame.

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.Ifyouarehavingproblemsinanarealikeoneofthese,talktoaparent,teacher,orfriendyoutrustaboutgettinghelp.Ifyoucanreduceyourstress,youaremorelikelytobeinterestedinyourstudies.Don’tbeoverlycompetitive.Somefriendlycompetitioncanbefun.

4

.Focusondoingwellforyourselfandachievingyourgoals.Trytobecompetitiveonlywhenitisfunandmakesyouinterestedinschool.

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.Setrealisticgoals,anddon’tworrytoomuchaboutwhatothersaredoing.A．Knowwhatinterestsyounaturally.B．Youdon’thavetobethebestateverything.C．Trytoformastudygrouptogetschoolworkdone.D．However,toomuchcompetitionproducesanxiety.E．You’llfeelgoodabouttheprogressyoumakeeachday.F．Thesemayincludeworryingaboutyourappearance,relationships,etc.G．Ifyoutry,youmaybecomeinterestedinasubjectyoudon’tthinkyouenjoy.【答案】1．A2．G3．F4．D5．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了如何讓自己在學(xué)校感興趣?！?題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Ifyoucanfindthethingsyoulikelearningabout,thiscanhelpyoubecomemoreinterestedinschoolingeneral.Thinkaboutwhichclassesyoupaythemostattentionto.Thiscanhelpyouknowwhichsubjectsyouarenaturallyinterestedin.(如果你能找到你喜歡學(xué)習(xí)的東西，這可以幫助你對學(xué)校更感興趣。想想你最關(guān)注哪些課程。這可以幫助你知道你天生對哪些科目感興趣。)”可知，這里主要講找到自己感興趣的東西然后學(xué)習(xí)。而A項(xiàng)Knowwhatinterestsyounaturally.(自然知道你感興趣的是什么。)符合語境，有啟下作用，其中interest與下文對應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thinkaboutclassesyoudon’tlikeinanobjective(客觀的)way(客觀地想想你不喜歡的課程)”可知，此處講想想自己不喜歡的課程，G項(xiàng)Ifyoutry,youmaybecomeinterestedinasubjectyoudon’tthinkyouenjoy.(如果你嘗試，你可能會對一個(gè)你認(rèn)為自己不喜歡的主題感興趣。)承接上文，建議嘗試可能會改變，符合語境，其中asubjectyoudon’tthinkyouenjoy與上文classesyoudon’tlike對應(yīng)，有承上作用。故選G項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whileacademicdifficultiesinacertainsubjectmightcauseyoutoloseinterestinschool,othercommonstressfactors(因素)candothesame.(雖然某一學(xué)科的學(xué)業(yè)困難可能會導(dǎo)致你對學(xué)校失去興趣，但其他常見的壓力因素也會造成同樣的影響。)”可知，此處講其他因素也會讓你對學(xué)校失去興趣，而F項(xiàng)Thesemayincludeworryingaboutyourappearance,relationships,etc.(這些可能包括擔(dān)心你的外表、人際關(guān)系等。)是其他因素，符合語境，其中These指代上文othercommonstressfactors，有承上作用。故選F項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Somefriendlycompetitioncanbefun.(一些友好的競爭可以很有趣。)”可知，這里講合理競爭會帶來樂趣，而D項(xiàng)However,toomuchcompetitionproducesanxiety.(然而，過多的競爭會產(chǎn)生焦慮。)符合語境，其中competition與上文對應(yīng)，However形成轉(zhuǎn)折。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】由下文“Setrealisticgoals,anddon’tworrytoomuchaboutwhatothersaredoing.(設(shè)定現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)，不要太擔(dān)心別人在做什么。)”可知，這里指要定下實(shí)際的目標(biāo)，不要受別人影響。而B項(xiàng)Youdon’thavetobethebestateverything.(你不必在所有事情上都做到最好。)符合語境，引出下文要根據(jù)自己實(shí)際情況制定計(jì)劃，所以有啟下作用。故選B項(xiàng)。三、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在