第14講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+連詞專題【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)】Ⅰ.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、概論情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種特殊的助動(dòng)詞，具有下列特征：1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞具有一定的詞義，能表達(dá)某種看法；如：can能，may可以，must必須，need需要，等等；2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的原形一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)；如：Youcanstayherebefore5:00o’clock.你可以在這呆到五點(diǎn)鐘。Wemusthaveatalkrightnow.我們現(xiàn)在就必須談?wù)劇?.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱變化，即任何事物做主語(yǔ)對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞來講都無變化。但是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)變化。時(shí)態(tài)變化會(huì)在以后分單詞講解，此處僅以can為例，看看人稱對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否無影響：如：Icandanceverywell.我舞跳得很好。Hecanplaybasketballprettywell.他籃球打得很好。Iknowyoucanplaythepianofairlywell.我知道你鋼琴?gòu)椀煤馨?。Theyallcanswimquitewell.他們游泳游得相當(dāng)好。常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/can’t,能夠/不能①表示"能、會(huì)",指腦力或體力方面的"能力"。例如:

Jim

can

swim

but

I

can't.吉姆會(huì)游泳,但我不會(huì)。

②表示"可能",常用于否定句或疑問句中,指某種可能性。例如:

Han

Mei

can't

be

in

the

classroom.韓梅不可能在教室里。

Can

he

e

here

today,

please?請(qǐng)問他今天能到這里來嗎？

③表示"可以",常用于口語(yǔ)中,指許可或請(qǐng)求做某事。例如:

Can

I

have

a

cup

of

tea,

please?請(qǐng)問我可以喝一杯茶嗎？

You

can

go

out.你可以出去了？④否定句型為:主語(yǔ)+can

not(can't/cannot)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。表示"某人不能(不會(huì)、不可能)做……"。其中can't是can

not的縮略式,英國(guó)多寫成cannot。例如:

You

cannot

pass

the

ball

like

this.你不能像這樣傳球。

I

can't

ride

a

motorbike.我不會(huì)騎摩托車。must/mustn’t,必須/禁止①表示“必須”，此時(shí)可用于肯定句或疑問句。例如：YoumustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeIeback.②用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must提問，肯定回答用must；否定回答用needn’t。例如：MustIreturnthebooktoday?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t③用于否定句時(shí)，mustn’t的意思是“一定不要、不能”，而不表示“不必”例如：Youmustn’twalkyourdogonthegrass.你不能在草坪上遛狗。should/shouldn’t,應(yīng)該/不應(yīng)該should表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任時(shí)意為“應(yīng)該”：

例如：We

should

learn

from

each

other.

我們應(yīng)該互相幫助。

We

should

help

the

aged.

我們應(yīng)該幫助老人。should

表示建議或勸告時(shí)意為“應(yīng)該”：

例如：You

should

give

up

smoking.

你應(yīng)該戒煙。

【注】有時(shí)語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，含有命令的意味：

You

should

leave

at

once.

你應(yīng)該馬上離開

。should的否定形式：shouldn’t不應(yīng)該Students

shouldn’t

spend

too

much

time

playing

puter

games.

學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲?！锴閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)使用，必須與其后的動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。如：Youcan’twalkyourdoghere.(can’t+walk)Youmustfinishyourhomeworktoday.(must+finish)三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞分類1.表示義務(wù)——mustmust表示“必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀，用于現(xiàn)在、將來時(shí)態(tài)，否定式needn’t?！捐b別haveto】haveto表示“不得不”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀，用于現(xiàn)在，將來和過去時(shí)態(tài)。否定式為don’t/didn’t/doesn’twon’thaveto。2.表示猜測(cè)——must/may/might75%把握的猜測(cè)：must，否定can’t，句中通常有證據(jù)。50%把握的猜測(cè)：may，否定maynot，句中通常有notsure。25%把握的猜測(cè)：might，否定mightnot，句中通常有notsure。must猜測(cè)的不同時(shí)態(tài)：mustbeagoodstudent.musthaveeatentoomuchlastnight.3.表示請(qǐng)求——might/may/could/canmightcould比較生硬。【注意】：couldcan/can’t；maycan/may/can’t/mustn’t。4.表示能力——can/beableto表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼哪芰r(shí)，用can或beableto；表示過去的能力時(shí)，could表示過去的本領(lǐng)；was/wereableto表示過去特定環(huán)境一次性的能力。5.情態(tài)實(shí)義雙胞胎——need/dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，need和dare無三單變化；否定直接加not；后面加動(dòng)詞原形；eed和areodesddotoodingsh；6.hadbetter/wouldrather肯定句：hadbetter/wouldratherdosth.否定句：hadbetter/wouldrathernotdosth.疑問句：Hadsb.betterdosth.?/Wouldsb.ratherdosth.?7.祈使句回答——willIwillIwon’t例：Pleasecleanyourchimneynextyear.Ok,Iwill.Don’teattoomuchnextyeat.Ok,Iwon’t.8.表示指責(zé)——can’t/shouldn’t/oughtnotto/mustn’t溫柔建議：can’t;shouldn’t;oughtnotto;強(qiáng)烈禁止：mustn’t，表示危險(xiǎn)情形時(shí)，必須用mustn’t。Ⅱ.連詞定義連詞是一種虛詞，不能擔(dān)任一個(gè)句子成分。它主要是包括并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞：連詞在句中主要起連接詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)及句子和句子的作用。即，連接兩個(gè)平行的成分或句子。并列連詞and意思是“和”，表示并列和對(duì)稱。IcanspeakEnglishandChinese.我會(huì)講英語(yǔ)和中文。Ilikeapples,bananasandgrapes.我喜歡蘋果、香蕉和葡萄。2.both…and…的意思是“兩者都……”，表示并列。BothyouandIarepupils.你和我都是小學(xué)生。IcanspeakbothEnglishandFrench.我既會(huì)講英語(yǔ)又會(huì)講法語(yǔ)。3.or意思是“或者”，“還是”，表示選擇。Isyourfriendisaboyoragirl?你的朋友是男孩還是女孩？DoyoulearnEnglishorFrench?你學(xué)英語(yǔ)還是法語(yǔ)？【注意】（誤）Idon’tlikecoffeeandtea.（正）Idon’tlikecoffeeortea.我不喜歡喝咖啡和茶。（正）Ilikecoffeeandtea.我喜歡喝咖啡和茶。4.but意思是“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。Ihaveacold,butIdon’ttakemedicine.我感冒了，但我沒吃藥。Theskirtisnice,butit’stooexpensive.這條裙子很漂亮，但太貴了。5.so意思是“因此”，“所以”。It’sdark,soImustgonow.天黑了，所以我得走了。Yougotuptoolate,soyoumissedthebus.你起床晚了，所以錯(cuò)過了公共汽車。6.because意思是“因?yàn)椤?，表示原因。Sheisunhappybecauseshelostthegame.她不高興，因?yàn)樗斄吮荣?。【注意】在英語(yǔ)里，because和so不能夠同時(shí)在一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)，和漢語(yǔ)有一定的區(qū)別。（誤）BecauseMomboughtmeanewbook,soIwasveryhappy.（正）Momboughtmeanewbook,soIwasveryhappy.（正）IwasveryhappybecauseMomboughtmeanewbook.【辨析】notonly…butalso…意思是“不但……而且……”，表示并列。NotonlyyoubutalsoJimeslate.不光是你，吉姆也遲到了。Icanplaynotonlytheguitarbutalsothepiano.我有僅會(huì)彈吉他，還會(huì)彈鋼琴。neither…nor…意思是“既不……也不……”，表示并列關(guān)系。Neitheryounorheisright.你和他都不對(duì)。HecanspeakneitherEnglishnorFrench.他既不會(huì)講英語(yǔ)，也不會(huì)講法語(yǔ)。【注意】當(dāng)notonly…butonly…和neither…nor…連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)的變化隨接近謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)而變化。Neitheryounorheisfat.你和他都不胖。NeitherhenorIamright.他和我都不對(duì)?！菊骖}演練】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Itwasrainyyesterday,________wehadtostayathomeallday.A．a(chǎn)nd B．so C．but D．if2．—Canyousing_________dance?—Icansing.A．a(chǎn)nd B．or C．because D．but3．—Doyoulikeplayingtennis________basketball—Iliketennis.A．a(chǎn)nd B．so C．but D．or4．Mikecan_________verywell.A．swim B．swims C．toswim D．swimming5．—MustIfinishtheworknow—No,________.A．youmustn’t B．youneedn’t C．Imustn’t D．Ineedn’t6．HanMeiiskindandhelpful,________wealllikeher.A．so B．a(chǎn)nd C．because D．but7．David’smotherlikeschocolate,__________shedoesn’toftenbuyit.A．so B．a(chǎn)nd C．or D．but8．Tom,you'reallwet.Takeofftheclothes,________youwillcatchacold.A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．so D．or9．Susanisill,________sheisnotatschooltoday.A．though B．but C．or D．so10．Thelittlegirlsisafraidofmakingmistakesinfrontofstrangers,________sheseldomspeaksinpublic.A．for B．or C．so D．but11．Thepatienthadtohavetheoperation,________shewoulddie.A．or B．a(chǎn)nd C．so D．but12．Bill

is

a

good

student.

He

studies

hard________he

also

likes

to

help

others.A．a(chǎn)nd B．so C．but D．or13．Myarmisstillpainful,_________Iwanttoseeadoctor.A．so B．for C．but D．or14．—IsTomheavy_______thin?—Heisn’theavy_______thin.He’sofmediumbuild.A．or;or B．a(chǎn)nd;and C．or;and D．a(chǎn)nd;or15．—YuanLongpingoncesaid,humanbeingislikeseed(種子).One________trytobeagoodseed.—Yes.Healsosaidhislifelongpursuitwastokeepallthepeopleawayfromthehunger.A．should B．must C．can D．will16．—Chris,you________swimalone.It’sdangerous.—Oh,Iwon’tdothatagain.A．should B．shouldn’t C．hadbetter D．must17．Ifyoucansingordance,youcan_________ourschoolmusicfestival.A．a(chǎn)rein B．a(chǎn)reon C．bein D．beat18．Juliahaswonprizesforherresearch.She________bereallytalentedandhardworking.A．can B．need C．should D．must19．She________beslow,butatleastshedoesn’tmakestupidmistakes.A．needn’t B．can’t C．may D．shall20．—Timmy,you________drinkcoldwaterbecauseyouhaveacold.—Sorry,Mom.A．need B．needn’t C．should D．shouldn’t【過關(guān)檢測(cè)】1.默寫單元單詞和詞組。2.復(fù)習(xí)本節(jié)課所學(xué)的重點(diǎn)筆記內(nèi)容。21．—Canyouetomypartytomorrowafternoon?—Sorry,Ican’t.I________studyforanexam.A．can B．may C．must D．need22．Paulhasto________hisbedaftergettingupinthemorning.A．makes B．make C．tomake D．making23．—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.—Well,you__________.You’renotaloneinthisworld.A．can B．may C．should D．will24．DoesKangkangoftenestoschoolbybus________onfoot?A．or B．a(chǎn)nd C．/ D．with25．Wehavetosaygoodbyenow,________ourfriendshipwilllastforever.A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or D．so26．Sharksareatthetopofthefoodchain,________iftheirnumbersdrop,theocean’secosystemwillbeindanger.A．when B．a(chǎn)lthough C．so D．but27．Don’tgiveupworkinghard,_______youwillneverachieveanythinginyourlife.A．so B．or C．but D．a(chǎn)nd28．—Intheshoppingcentersofmostforeigncountries,wecanseemanyproductsmadeinChina.—Whatweneedis________“MadeinChina”________“CreatedinChina”.Thereisstillalongwaytogo.A．either;or B．neither;nor C．notonly;butalso D．between;and29．—Doyoulikemath_________science?—Ilikescience.It’smyfavoritesubject.A．so B．a(chǎn)nd C．or D．but30．You______playwithfire.It’sdangerous.A．mightnot B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．maynot31．—Lookattherulesathishome,whendoeshe________arrivehomeintheevening?—Hehastogethomebefore8o’clock.A．must B．haveto C．hasto D．be32．Thebabyelephant’s________isabout100kilos,butanadultelephantmay________about5,000kilos.A．weight;weigh B．weight;weight C．weigh;weigh D．weigh;weight33．—Hurryup,Mark!Let’scrosstheroadasquicklyaspossible.—No,you________.Don’tyouseethelightisstillred?A．could