《工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)導(dǎo)論》AnIntroductiontoIndustrialInternetLecturer：ZhouHaifei定位技術(shù)4.4定位技術(shù)定位技術(shù)，采用聲光、無線電等方式對目標當前位置信息獲取的技術(shù)手段。企業(yè)獲取工廠內(nèi)外的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)要素的實時位置信息，就需要通過定位技術(shù)來進行管理，使追蹤物體所在位置信息更加精準。PositioningTechnology4.4PositioningtechnologyPositioningtechnologyisatechnicalmethodthatgenerallyusessound,light,radio,etc.toobtainthecurrentlocationinformationofthetarget.Formanufacturingcompanies,itisveryimportanttoobtainreal-timelocationinformationofindustrialproductionfactorsinsideandoutsidethefactory.Itneedstobemanagedbypositioningtechnologytomakethelocationinformationoftrackedobjectsmoreaccurate.AGV自動搬運倉儲4.4定位技術(shù)AGVautomaticguidedvehicles4.4Positioningtechnology室內(nèi)/室外定位4.4定位技術(shù)按照工廠對生產(chǎn)要素的定位應(yīng)用范圍，大體可分為室外定位技術(shù)與室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)。Outdoor/indoorpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyAccordingtothefactory’spositioningapplicationrangeofproductionelements,wecandivideitintooutdoorandindoorpositioningtechnology.室外定位系統(tǒng)4.4定位技術(shù)室外定位系統(tǒng)，以全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)GNSS最為成熟。主要有美國的GPS系統(tǒng)、中國的北斗BDS系統(tǒng)、俄羅斯的GLONASS系統(tǒng)、歐盟的Galileo系統(tǒng)。outdoorpositioningtechnology4.4PositioningtechnologyForoutdoorpositioningtechnology,theglobalnavigationsatellitesystemGNSSisthebest,mainlyincludingthe

GPSsystemoftheUnitedStates,the

BeidouBDSsystemofChina,the

GLONASSsystemofRussia,andtheGalileosystemoftheEuropeanUnion.GPS系統(tǒng)4.4定位技術(shù)GPS系統(tǒng)，由美國國防部研制建立的一種具有全方位、全天候、全時段、高精度的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，為用戶提供低成本、高精度的三維位置、速度和精確定時等導(dǎo)航信息，是衛(wèi)星通信技術(shù)在導(dǎo)航領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用典范。GPS

system4.4PositioningtechnologyGPSsystem,developedbytheU.S.DepartmentofDefense,isanall-directional,all-weather,all-time,high-precisionsatellitenavigationsystem,whichprovidesuserswithlow-cost,high-precisionthree-dimensionalposition,speedandprecisetimingnavigationinformation.Itisamodelofsatellitecommunicationtechnologyinthefieldofnavigationapplication.BDS系統(tǒng)4.4定位技術(shù)BDS系統(tǒng)，中國自主建設(shè)運行的全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，為用戶提供全天候、全天時、高精度的定位、導(dǎo)航和授時服務(wù)的國家重要時空基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。BDSsystem4.4PositioningtechnologyBDSsystemisaglobalsatellitenavigationsystemindependentlydevelopedandoperatedbyChina.Itprovidesuserswithanimportantnationalspace-timeinfrastructurewithall-weather,all-time,high-precisionpositioning,navigationandtimingservices.GLONASS系統(tǒng)4.4定位技術(shù)GLONASS系統(tǒng)，最早開發(fā)于蘇聯(lián)時期，后由俄羅斯繼續(xù)該計劃，與美國的GPS相似。該系統(tǒng)可為全球海陸空以及近地空間的各種軍、民用戶全天候、連續(xù)地提供高精度的三維位置、三維速度和時間信息。GLONASS

system4.4PositioningtechnologyGLONASSsystemwasfirstdevelopedduringtheSovietera,andlatercontinuedbyRussia,whichissimilartotheGPSoftheUnitedStates.Thesystemcancontinuouslyprovidehigh-precisionthree-dimensionalposition,three-dimensionalspeedandtimeinformationforallkindsofmilitaryandcivilianusersinsea,land,airandnear-Earthspacearoundtheworld.Galileo系統(tǒng)4.4定位技術(shù)Galileo系統(tǒng)，歐洲自主、獨立的全球多模式衛(wèi)星定位導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，提供高精度，高可靠性的定位服務(wù)，實現(xiàn)完全非軍方控制、管理，可以進行覆蓋全球的導(dǎo)航和定位功能。Galileo

system4.4PositioningtechnologyGalileosystemisaglobalmulti-modesatellitepositioningandnavigationsystemindependentlydevelopedbyEurope.Itachievescompletenon-militarycontrolandmanagementbyprovidinghigh-precisionandhigh-reliabilitypositioningservices.Ithasglobalnavigationandpositioningfunctions.技術(shù)小檔案4.4定位技術(shù)GPS定位基本原理，是根據(jù)高速運動衛(wèi)星的瞬間位置作為已知的起算數(shù)據(jù)，采用空間距離后方交會的方法，確定待測點的位置。思考：室外定位技術(shù)有哪些受影響因素？Technicalfile4.4PositioningtechnologyThebasicprincipleofGPSistousetheinstantaneouspositionofthehigh-speedmovingsatelliteastheknownstartingdataandthemethodofresectioninthespacedistancetodeterminethepositionofthepointtobemeasured.Question:Whatfactorsaffectoutdoorpositioningtechnology?常見室內(nèi)定位4.4定位技術(shù)Commonindoorpositioningtechnology4.4Positioningtechnology藍牙定位4.4定位技術(shù)藍牙定位，以藍牙局域網(wǎng)接入點為微網(wǎng)絡(luò)主設(shè)備，隨時接入定位對象，通過測量定位對象信號強度，獲得用戶位置信息。Bluetoothpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyBluetoothpositioningusestheBluetoothLANaccesspointasthemicronetworkmaindevicetoaccessthepositioningobjectatanytime,andobtainuserlocationinformationbymeasuringthesignalstrengthofthepositioningobject.Wi-Fi定位4.4定位技術(shù)Wi-Fi定位，借助Wi-Fi網(wǎng)絡(luò)，掃描和收集周圍的無線AP信號，位置服務(wù)器結(jié)合設(shè)備信號計算其位置信息。Wi-Fipositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyWi-Fipositioning.WiththehelpofWi-Finetworks,byscanningandcollectingsurroundingwirelessAPsignals,thelocationservercombinesthedevicesignalstocalculateitslocationinformation.UWB定位4.4定位技術(shù)UWB定位，利用UWB脈沖信號發(fā)射位置數(shù)據(jù)，定位基站接收并計算出定位標簽信號到達不同定位基站的時間差，獲得被定位對象的位置。UWBpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyUWBpositioningusesUWBpulsesignaltotransmitpositiondata,thepositioningbasestationreceivesandcalculatesthetimedifferenceofthepositioningtagsignaltodifferentpositioningbasestations,soastoobtainthepositionofthepositionedobject.ZigBee定位4.4定位技術(shù)ZigBee定位，以ZigBee模塊作為定位盲節(jié)點，利用已知位置參考節(jié)點與網(wǎng)關(guān)之間形成組網(wǎng)，參考節(jié)點和盲節(jié)點之間相互協(xié)調(diào)通信以實現(xiàn)全部定位。ZigBeepositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyZigBeepositioningtakestheZigBeemoduleasthepositioningblindnode.Itusestheknownpositionofthereferencenodeandtheblindnodetobedeterminedtoformanetworkwiththegateway,andthereferencenodeandtheblindnodearecoordinatedtorealizeallpositioning.紅外線定位4.4定位技術(shù)紅外線定位，以紅外線電子標簽作為信源，通過室內(nèi)安裝的多個紅外傳感器進測量信號源的距離或角度，從而計算出定位對象所在的位置。infraredpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyInfraredpositioningtakesinfraredelectronictagsastheinformationsource,andmeasuresthedistanceorangleofthesignalsourcethroughmultipleinfraredsensorsinstalledindoors,soastotolocateofthepositioningobject.超聲波定位4.4定位技術(shù)超聲波定位，通過室內(nèi)安裝的多個超聲波揚聲器進行超聲波發(fā)射，定位對象的麥克風檢測不同超聲波到達的時間差，推測出定位對象的位置信息。ultrasonicpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyUltrasonicpositioningtransmitsultrasonicwavesthroughmultipleultrasonicspeakersinstalledindoors,andthemicrophoneofthepositioningobjectdetectsthetimedifferenceofthearrivalofdifferentultrasonicwaves,soastoinferthepositioninformationofthepositioningobject.射頻識別定位4.4定位技術(shù)射頻識別定位，通過室內(nèi)固定天線把無線電信號調(diào)成電磁場，射頻標簽經(jīng)過磁化產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流將數(shù)據(jù)傳送出去，實現(xiàn)多對雙向通信達到識別和三角定位作用。radiofrequencyidentificationpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyRadiofrequencyidentificationpositioningmodulatestheradiosignalintoanelectromagneticfieldthroughanindoorfixedantenna,andtheradiofrequencytaggeneratesaninducedcurrentthroughmagnetizationtotransmitthedataandrealizemultiplepairsoftwo-waycommunicationtoachieveidentificationandtriangulation.射頻