譯林版八上必考語法過去進(jìn)行時(shí)語法講解一、概念過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某一特定時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或過去某一階段內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。其核心是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過去的“持續(xù)性”或“正在進(jìn)行中”，而非動(dòng)作的完成結(jié)果。二、用法1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作p.m.具體時(shí)間狀語，如atthistimeyesterday（昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候）、at8p.m.lastnight（昨晚8點(diǎn)）、when/while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句等，明確動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間背景。例句：Iwasdoinghomeworkwhenthephonerang.（電話響時(shí)，我正在做作業(yè)。）2.表示過去某一階段持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生，未明確終止時(shí)間。例句：Theywerebuildingthebridgealllastwinter.（去年整個(gè)冬天他們都在修橋。）3.表示過去的計(jì)劃或?qū)戆才庞糜赼rrive,e,go,leave等表“移動(dòng)”的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可表示過去計(jì)劃中即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常搭配將來時(shí)間狀語（如nextweek）。例句：ShesaidshewasleavingforParisthenextday.（她說她第二天要去巴黎。）4.表示委婉語氣動(dòng)詞hope,wonder等的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（如washoping,waswondering）可用于提出請(qǐng)求，語氣比一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)更委婉。例句：Iwaswonderingifyoucouldhelpme.（不知您能否幫我個(gè)忙。）5.表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作（含感情色彩）與always,constantly,forever等副詞連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作反復(fù)發(fā)生，常帶有贊揚(yáng)、不滿等情緒。例句：Hewasalwayshelpingotherswhenhewasyoung.（他年輕時(shí)總愛幫助別人。）三、與其他時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別1.與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別維度一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作性質(zhì)表示動(dòng)作已完成（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行（強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，未完成）時(shí)間狀語多為籠統(tǒng)時(shí)間（如yesterday,lastweek）p.m.時(shí)刻或階段（如at3p.m.yesterday）重復(fù)動(dòng)作表示一次性動(dòng)作與always等連用時(shí)表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作例句Shewrotealetter.（信已寫完）Shewaswritingaletter.（信可能沒寫完）2.與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別時(shí)間維度不同：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)聚焦“過去”的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)聚焦“現(xiàn)在”的動(dòng)作。例句：p.m.時(shí)：Iwasreadingat8p.m.lastnight.（昨晚8點(diǎn)我在看書。）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Iamreadingnow.（我現(xiàn)在在看書。）3.與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”（動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前），而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)僅強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行”。例句：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：Whenhearrived,Iwascooking.（他到的時(shí)候，我正在做飯。）過去完成時(shí)：Whenhearrived,Ihadcooked.（他到的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)做好飯了。）四、句式結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）例：Theywereplayingfootballthen.否定句：主語+was/were+not+現(xiàn)在分詞例：Shewasn'tlisteningtomusic.一般疑問句：Was/Were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞？例：WereyouwatchingTVatthattime?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+was/were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞？p.m.atwereyoudoingat9p.m.yesterday?五、常見考點(diǎn)提示語境中時(shí)態(tài)判斷：當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)when（此時(shí)另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生）或while（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行）時(shí)，需結(jié)合動(dòng)作的“持續(xù)性”判斷是否用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。典型錯(cuò)誤：誤將瞬間動(dòng)詞（如die,finish）用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（此類動(dòng)詞通常不表持續(xù)，需用一般過去時(shí)）。p.m.p.m.wasdyingat5p.m.（應(yīng)為Hediedat5p.m.）語法練習(xí)一、選詞填空從方框中選擇合適的單詞，并用其正確形式填空（每詞限用一次）watchwatch run rain cook readsleep talk clean play wait1.WhileTom______TV,hissisterwasdoinghomework.2.It______heavilywhenweleftthelibraryyesterdayafternoon.3.Myparents______dinnerwhenIgothomefromschool.4.Thechildren______intheparkwhenitsuddenlystartedtosnow.5.She______abookinthegardenwhenabirdflewontohershoulder.6.Thebaby______soundlywhenthedoorbellrang.7.They______abouttheirholidayplanswhentheteachercamein.8.Mybrother______hisroomfrom3to4o'clockyesterday.9.We______forthebusatthestopwhenacarstoppedbesideus.10.Theboys______footballontheplaygroundwhenitbegantorain.1.waswatching句意：湯姆看電視時(shí)，他妹妹正在做作業(yè)?？键c(diǎn)：while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，主從句均用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。解析：主語Tom是第三人稱單數(shù)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用was+現(xiàn)在分詞watching。2.wasraining句意：昨天下午我們離開圖書館時(shí)，雨下得很大。考點(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)從句（一般過去時(shí)），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表背景動(dòng)作。解析：主語it為單數(shù)，用wasraining。3.werecooking句意：我放學(xué)回家時(shí)，父母正在做晚飯?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)瞬間動(dòng)作（gothome），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表持續(xù)動(dòng)作。解析：主語myparents是復(fù)數(shù)，用werecooking。4.wereplaying句意：孩子們正在公園玩耍時(shí)，突然開始下雪?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)突發(fā)動(dòng)作（startedtosnow），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。解析：主語thechildren為復(fù)數(shù)，用wereplaying。5.wasreading句意：她正在花園看書時(shí)，一只鳥飛到了她的肩膀上?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（flew），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表持續(xù)狀態(tài)。解析：主語she為單數(shù)，用wasreading。6.wassleeping句意：門鈴響時(shí)，寶寶睡得正香?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)瞬間動(dòng)作（rang），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表持續(xù)動(dòng)作。解析：主語thebaby為單數(shù)，用wassleeping。7.weretalking句意：老師進(jìn)來時(shí)，他們正在討論假期計(jì)劃?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（camein），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。解析：主語they為復(fù)數(shù)，用weretalking。8.wascleaning句意：昨天3點(diǎn)到4點(diǎn)，我弟弟正在打掃房間。考點(diǎn)：具體時(shí)間段（from3to4o'clockyesterday）作狀語，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。解析：主語mybrother為單數(shù)，用wascleaning。9.werewaiting句意：我們正在車站等公交車時(shí)，一輛車停在了我們旁邊?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)突發(fā)動(dòng)作（stopped），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。解析：主語we為復(fù)數(shù)，用werewaiting。10.wereplaying句意：男孩們正在操場(chǎng)踢足球時(shí)，天開始下雨了?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（begantorain），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。解析：主語theboys為復(fù)數(shù)，用wereplaying。二、單項(xiàng)選擇1.I______tomusicwhenmybestfriendcalledme.A.listen B.listened C.waslistening D.amlistening2.Whilemymother______breakfast,I______myteeththismorning.A.made;brushed B.wasmaking;brushed C.made;wasbrushing D.wasmaking;wasbrushing3.What______you______at8lastnight?A.do;do B.did;do C.were;doing D.are;doing4.Thestudents______loudlywhentheheadteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.A.talk B.talked C.aretalking D.weretalking5.Peter______alettertohispenpalwhenhislittlesisterbrokehisdesk.A.writes B.wrote C.waswriting D.iswriting6.______it______whenyouwentoutforawalk?A.Did;rain B.Was;raining C.Does;rain D.Is;raining7.Myfather______thecarwhilemymother______somevegetablesinthemarket.A.washed;bought B.waswashing;bought C.washed;wasbuying D.waswashing;wasbuying8.IsawTomwhenIpassedthepark.He______withhisdog.A.plays B.played C.wasplaying D.isplaying9.ThephonerangwhileI______ashower.A.take B.took C.wastaking D.amtaking10.Whenthestorm______,we______apicnicinthecountryside.A.came;had B.came;werehaving C.wasing;had D.wasing;werehaving1.C.waslistening句意：我最好的朋友打電話時(shí)，我正在聽音樂?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)從句（called，一般過去時(shí)），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)“打電話時(shí)正在聽音樂”，用waslistening。2.D.wasmaking;wasbrushing句意：今天早上媽媽做早餐時(shí)，我正在刷牙。考點(diǎn)：while引導(dǎo)并列的持續(xù)動(dòng)作，主從句均用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。解析：兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，均用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。3.C.were;doing句意：昨晚8點(diǎn)你在做什么？考點(diǎn)：具體時(shí)刻（at8lastnight）作狀語，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)特殊疑問句。解析：結(jié)構(gòu)為“疑問詞+were+主語+doing”，故選C。4.D.weretalking句意：校長(zhǎng)走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，學(xué)生們正在大聲說話。考點(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（walked），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)“走進(jìn)時(shí)正在說話”，用weretalking。5.C.waswriting句意：彼得正在給筆友寫信時(shí)，他的妹妹弄壞了他的書桌?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)突發(fā)動(dòng)作（broke），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。解析：持續(xù)動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C。6.B.Was;raining句意：你出去散步時(shí)，天在下雨嗎？考點(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)從句（went，一般過去時(shí)），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表持續(xù)狀態(tài)。解析：一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為“Was+主語+raining”，故選B。7.D.waswashing;wasbuying句意：爸爸洗車時(shí)，媽媽正在市場(chǎng)買蔬菜?？键c(diǎn)：while引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的持續(xù)動(dòng)作，均用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。解析：兩個(gè)動(dòng)作平行發(fā)生，故選D。8.C.wasplaying句意：我經(jīng)過公園時(shí)看到了湯姆，他正在和狗玩耍?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（passed），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表當(dāng)時(shí)狀態(tài)。解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)“看到時(shí)正在玩?！保脀asplaying。9.C.wastaking句意：我正在洗澡時(shí)，電話響了。考點(diǎn)：while引導(dǎo)持續(xù)動(dòng)作（過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），主句用一般過去時(shí)。解析：takeashower是持續(xù)動(dòng)作，用wastaking。10.B.came;werehaving句意：暴風(fēng)雨來臨時(shí)，我們正在鄉(xiāng)下野餐?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（came），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（werehaving）。解析：突發(fā)動(dòng)作與持續(xù)動(dòng)作的搭配，故選B。三、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Mysister______(draw)apicturewhenthelightswentout.2.They______(notwatch)TVat9lastnight.Theywerereadingbooks.3.WhileLily______(dance)attheparty,hernecklacebroke.4.______(be)yourbrother______(do)hishomeworkat7yesterdayevening?5.I______(walk)alongthestreetwhenImetmyprimaryschoolteacher.6.Theworkers______(build)thebridgefromJanuarytoMarchlastyear.7.What______yourparents______(do)whenyoucamebackhome?8.She______(alwayslose)herkeyswhenshelivedalone.9.Thelittlegirl______(cry)becauseshecouldn'tfindhermother.10.We______(have)ameetingwhenthefirealarmrang.11.He______(notplay)basketballatthistimeyesterday.Hewasswimming.12.Whilethecat______(sleep)onthesofa,themouseranacrossthefloor.13.Theteacher______(explain)theproblemwhenthebellrang.14.They______(plan)atriptothemountainswhenIvisitedthem.15.______you______(wait)formeatthestationat5o'clockyesterday?1.wasdrawing句意：燈滅時(shí)，我妹妹正在畫畫?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（wentout），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2.weren'twatching句意：昨晚9點(diǎn)他們沒在看電視，他們?cè)诳磿??？键c(diǎn)：具體時(shí)刻作狀語，否定形式為was/werenot+doing。3.wasdancing句意：莉莉在派對(duì)上跳舞時(shí)，她的項(xiàng)鏈斷了?？键c(diǎn)：while引導(dǎo)持續(xù)動(dòng)作（過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）。4.Was;doing句意：昨晚7點(diǎn)你弟弟在做作業(yè)嗎？考點(diǎn)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般疑問句，主語為單數(shù)用Was。5.waswalking句意：我在街上散步時(shí)，遇到了小學(xué)老師。考點(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（met），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。6.werebuilding句意：工人們?nèi)ツ?月到3月一直在建橋?？键c(diǎn)：時(shí)間段作狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)動(dòng)作。7.were;doing句意：你回家時(shí)，父母在做什么？考點(diǎn)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)特殊疑問句，主語為復(fù)數(shù)用were。8.wasalwayslosing句意：她獨(dú)居時(shí)總是丟鑰匙。考點(diǎn)：與always連用，表過去重復(fù)動(dòng)作（含不滿情緒）。9.wascrying句意：小女孩因?yàn)檎也坏綃寢尪奁??？键c(diǎn)：過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。10.werehaving句意：火警響時(shí)，我們正在開會(huì)。考點(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（rang），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。11.wasn'tplaying句意：昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他沒在打籃球，他在游泳。考點(diǎn)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)否定形式，主語為單數(shù)用wasn't。12.wassleeping句意：貓?jiān)谏嘲l(fā)上睡覺時(shí)，老鼠跑過了地板。考點(diǎn)：while引導(dǎo)持續(xù)動(dòng)作（過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）。13.wasexplaining句意：老師正在講解問題時(shí)，鈴響了?？键c(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（rang），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。14.wereplanning句意：我拜訪他們時(shí)，他們正在計(jì)劃去山里旅行。考點(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（visited），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。15.Were;waiting句意：昨天5點(diǎn)你在車站等我嗎？考點(diǎn)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般疑問句，主語為you用Were。四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Tomwasreadinganewspaperat10lastSunday.（改為一般疑問句）______Tom______anewspaperat10lastSunday?2.Theywereplayingfootballontheplayground.（改為否定句）They____________footballontheplayground.3.MymotherwascookingdinnerwhenIgothome.（對(duì)畫線部分提問）______wasyourmother______whenyougothome?4.Lisawaslisteningtomusicwhileherbrotherwasplayinggames.（改為同義句）Lisawaslisteningtomusic______herbrother____________games.5.a.m.studentswerehavingaclassat9a.m.yesterday.（改為否定句）a.m.students____________aclassat9a.m.yesterday.6.Wewerewatchingamoviewhenthestormcame.（對(duì)畫線部分提問）____________you______whenthestormcame?7.Wasyourfatherworkinginthegardenatthistimeyesterday?（作肯定回答）______,he______.8.Theyweretalkingaboutthenewteacherintheoffice.（改為一般疑問句）______they______aboutthenewteacherintheoffice?9.Thedogwasbarkingloudlybecauseastrangercamenear.（對(duì)畫線部分提問）____________thedog______loudly?10.IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemysisterwaswatchingTV.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句，保持句意不變）Iwasdoingmyhomework,and________________________,mysisterwaswatchingTV.1.Was;reading解析：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般疑問句，將was提到主語前。2.weren'tplaying解析：否定句在were后加not，縮寫為weren't。3.What;doing解析：對(duì)動(dòng)作提問用what，結(jié)構(gòu)為“What+was+主語+doing”。4.when;wasplaying解析：while可替換為when（此時(shí)從句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）。5.weren'thaving解析：否定句在were后加not，縮寫為weren't。6.Whatwere;doing解析：對(duì)動(dòng)作提問用what，特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為“What+were+主語+doing”。7.Yes;was解析：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般疑問句肯定回答為“Yes,主語+was”。8.Were;talking解析：一般疑問句將were提到主語前。9.Whywas;barking解析：對(duì)原因提問用why，結(jié)構(gòu)為“Why+was+主語+doing”。10.atthesametime解析：while可替換為“atthesametime”表“同時(shí)”。五、完成句子1.昨天下午三點(diǎn)，我們正在參觀博物館。p.m.___________themuseumat3p.m.yesterday.2.當(dāng)我看到他時(shí)，他正在和一位老人交談。He____________toanoldmanwhenIsawhim.3.昨晚八點(diǎn)到十點(diǎn)，他們一直在聽音樂會(huì)。They____________totheconcertfrom8to10lastnight.4.雨下得很大，而孩子們還在外面玩耍。It____________heavilywhilethechildren____________outside.5.媽媽正在做飯時(shí)，爸爸突然回來了。Mother____________whenfathercamebacksuddenly.6.你打電話時(shí)，我正在洗澡。I____________ashowerwhenyoucalled.7.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，他們正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。They____________fortheexamatthistimeyesterday.8.當(dāng)暴風(fēng)雨來臨時(shí)，鳥兒們正在樹上唱歌。Thebirds____________inthetreeswhenthestormcame.9.他昨天一整天都在修理他的自行車。He____________hisbikethewholedayyesterday.10.我妹妹正在畫畫，而我在看書。Mysister____________whileI____________abook.1.werevisitingp.m.體時(shí)刻（at3p.m.yesterday）作狀語，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2.wastalking考點(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（saw），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。3.werelistening考點(diǎn)：時(shí)間段（from8to10lastnight）作狀語，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。4.wasraining;wereplaying考點(diǎn)：while引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，均用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。5.wascooking考點(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（cameback），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。6.wastaking考點(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（called），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。7.werepreparing考點(diǎn)：具體時(shí)刻（atthistimeyesterday）作狀語，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。8.weresinging考點(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作（came），主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。9.wasrepairing考點(diǎn)：時(shí)間段（thewholedayyesterday）作狀語，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。10.wasdrawing;wasreading考點(diǎn)：while連接兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，均用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。六、語法選擇a.m.Sunday,Lindaandherfamilydecidedtohaveapicnicinthepark.Whenthey1______thereat10a.m.,manypeople2______already.Some3______kites,andothers4______onthegrass.Linda'sfather5______tosetupthetentwhilehermother6______thefoodoutofthebasket.Lindaandherbrother7______toplayfrisbeewhensuddenlyit8______torain.Everyone9______tofindaplacetohide.Luckily,they10______abigtreeandstayedunderituntiltherainstopped.1.A.arrive B.arrived C.werearriving D.arearriving2.A.are B.were C.was D.is3.A.fly B.flew C.wereflying D.areflying4.A.sit B.sat C.weresitting D.aresitting5.A.tried B.wastrying C.tries D.istrying6.A.take B.took C.wastaking D.takes7.A.start B.started C.werestarting D.arestarting8.A.begin B.began C.wasbeginning D.begins9.A.run B.ran C.wererunning D.runs10.A.find B.found C.werefinding D.finds1.B.arrived解析：when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，描述過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般過去時(shí)。2.B.were解析：主語manypeople為復(fù)數(shù)，描述過去狀態(tài)，用were。3.C.wereflying解析：與前文時(shí)態(tài)一致，描述過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。4.C.weresi