2025年考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀理解快速閱讀技巧試卷高效學(xué)習(xí)考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀理解directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomers,industriesfromtransportationtofreelancewritinghaveseenasurgeinshort-term,project-basedwork.Whileproponentsarguethatgigworkoffersflexibilityandautonomy,criticsraiseconcernsaboutjobsecurity,benefits,andthepotentialforexploitation.Thisdichotomyreflectsbroadersocietaldebatesaboutthefutureofworkinanincreasinglydigitalanddecentralizedworld.Proponentsofgigworkhighlightseveraladvantages.Forworkers,itprovidestheopportunitytochoosetheirprojects,settheirownhours,andoftenworkremotely.Thisflexibilityisparticularlyappealingtothoseseekingabetterwork-lifebalanceoradditionalincomestreams.Forbusinesses,gigworkersofferscalability,allowingcompaniestoquicklyadjusttheirworkforceupordownbasedondemandwithouttheoverheadcostsassociatedwithtraditionalemployees.Thismodelisseenasanaturalevolutionofwork,mirroringtheriseofthegigeconomyinothersectors.However,criticspointtoseveralpotentialdownsides.Thelackoftraditionaljobsecurityisamajorconcern.Gigworkerstypicallydonotreceivebenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,orretirementplans,placingagreaterburdenonthemfortheseessentials.Furthermore,incomecanbeunpredictableandfluctuatesignificantlyfromweektoweek,makingfinancialplanningchallenging.Therearealsoconcernsaboutthepotentialforexploitation,asthepowerdynamicoftenfavorstheplatformorbusiness.Issuesrelatedtodataprivacy,workerclassification,andtheabilitytounionizeremaincontentiouspointsinongoingdiscussions.Thedebatesurroundingthegigeconomytouchesonfundamentalquestionsaboutwork,security,andeconomicstability.Astechnologycontinuestoevolveandreshapeindustries,findingabalancethatmaximizesthebenefitsofflexibilitywhileaddressingthepotentialrisksforworkerswillbecrucial.Policymakers,businesses,andworkersalikemustengageinthisconversationtoshapeafutureofworkthatisbothinnovativeandequitable.Questions:1.Whatisthemaincharacteristicofthegigeconomyaccordingtothepassage?2.Accordingtoproponents,whataretwokeybenefitsofgigworkforworkers?3.Whataretwomainconcernsraisedbycriticsaboutthelackoftraditionaljobsecurityforgigworkers?4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisacriticalchallengeforthefutureofwork?PassageTwoTheconceptof"mindfulness"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyears,oftenpromotedasakeytoreducingstressandimprovingoverallwell-being.Rootedinancientmeditationpractices,mindfulnessinvolvespayingdeliberateattentiontothepresentmoment,observingthoughtsandsensationswithoutjudgment.Whileitsapplicationintherapeuticsettingshasbeenwell-documented,itsrelevanceextendsfarbeyondclinicalenvironmentsintoeverydaylife.Intheworkplace,forinstance,mindfulnesscanhelpemployeesmanagethepressuresofafast-pacedenvironment.Byfocusingonthetaskathandandreducingdistractions,individualsmayfindtheyaremoreproductiveandmakefewererrors.Mindfulnesspractices,suchasbriefbreathingexercisesormindfulbreaks,canserveaseffectivetoolsforregainingcomposureduringhigh-stressperiods.Additionally,cultivatingmindfulnesscanenhanceinterpersonalskillsbyfosteringgreaterempathyandactivelistening,leadingtoimprovedcommunicationandcollaborationwithinteams.Educationisanotherareawheremindfulnessismakinganimpact.Schoolsimplementingmindfulnessprogramsreportimprovementsinstudents'focus,emotionalregulation,andevenacademicperformance.Forteachers,practicingmindfulnesscanmitigatethestressassociatedwiththeirdemandingroles,potentiallyleadingtoamorepositiveandsupportivelearningenvironment.Theideaisthatbyteachingchildrentobemindful,theydevelopvaluablelifeskillsthatcanhelpthemnavigatechallengesbothinsideandoutsidetheclassroom.Despitethegrowingbodyofevidencesupportingmindfulness,itsimplementationfaceschallenges.Findingthetimeandresourcestointegratemindfulnesspracticesintoalreadycrowdedschedulescanbedifficult.Moreover,theeffectivenessofmindfulnesscanvarydependingonindividualcircumstancesandthequalityoftheinstruction.Asresearchcontinuesandmorepracticalapplicationsemerge,thepotentialformindfulnesstocontributepositivelytovariousaspectsofliferemainspromising.Questions:5.Whatisthefundamentalpracticeinvolvedinmindfulness,asdescribedinthepassage?6.Accordingtothepassage,whataretwopotentialbenefitsofmindfulnessinaworkplacesetting?7.Howmightmindfulnesspracticesbenefitteachers,accordingtothepassage?8.Whataretwochallengesmentionedinthepassageregardingtheimplementationofmindfulness?PassageThreeTheincreasingintegrationofartificialintelligence(AI)intovariousaspectsofsocietyhassparkedintensedebateaboutitspotentialimpactonthejobmarket.WhileAIoffersthepromiseofincreasedefficiency,automation,andthecreationofnewindustries,italsoraiseslegitimateconcernsaboutjobdisplacementandthechangingnatureofwork.UnderstandingthesedynamicsiscrucialfornavigatingthefutureofemploymentintheAIera.Ononehand,AIisprojectedtoautomateroutineandrepetitivetasksacrossnumeroussectors,frommanufacturingtoadministrativeroles.Thisautomationcanleadtoincreasedproductivityandtheabilitytotacklemorecomplexproblemsthatrequirehumancreativityandcriticalthinking.Proponentsarguethatwhilesomejobsmaybeeliminated,AIwillalsocreatenewjobcategoriescenteredarounddeveloping,managing,andoverseeingAIsystems.Additionally,AIcanaugmenthumancapabilities,allowingworkerstoperformtasksmoreeffectivelythroughAI-assistedtools.Ontheotherhand,thepotentialforwidespreadjobdisplacementduetoAIisasignificantconcern.Rolesinvolvingdataanalysis,customerservice,andevencertaintypesofmedicaldiagnosescouldbeincreasinglyhandledbyAIalgorithms.Thisshiftcouldleadtosignificanteconomicdisruption,particularlyforworkersinindustriesmostsusceptibletoautomation.Thetransitionmaynecessitatesubstantialretrainingandreskillingeffortstohelptheworkforceadapttonewdemands.Furthermore,issuesofbiasembeddedinAIsystemsandtheconcentrationofAIdevelopmentpowerinafewlargecompaniescouldexacerbateexistinginequalities.AddressingthechallengesposedbyAIintheworkplacewillrequireamultifacetedapproach.Educationsystemsmayneedtobereformedtoemphasizeskillsthatarelesslikelytobeautomated,suchascomplexproblem-solving,emotionalintelligence,andadaptability.Governmentsandbusinesseswillneedtocollaborateonpoliciesthatsupportworkforcetransitions,includingaccesstotrainingprogramsandsocialsafetynets.Ultimately,thegoalshouldbetoharnessthebenefitsofAIwhilemitigatingitspotentialdownsides,ensuringthatthetransitiontoanAI-poweredeconomyisasequitableandsustainableaspossible.Questions:9.Accordingtothepassage,whataretwopotentialpositiveoutcomesofAIintegrationintothejobmarket?10.WhataretwomajorconcernsraisedaboutthenegativeimpactofAIonemployment?11.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestareessentialformanagingthetransitiontoanAI-poweredeconomy?12.WhataspectofAIdevelopmentismentionedaspotentiallyexacerbatingexistinginequalities?PassageFourInrecentdecades,therehasbeenagrowingglobalawarenessoftheenvironmentalimpactofhumanactivities,leadingtoincreasedcallsforsustainablepracticesacrossvarioussectors.Theconceptofsustainabilityencompassesmeetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisprinciplehasinfluencednotonlyenvironmentalpolicybutalsoconsumerbehavior,corporatestrategy,andculturalvalues.Oneofthemostsignificantareasoffocuswithinsustainabilityisreducingcarbonemissionsandmitigatingclimatechange.Governmentsandorganizationsworldwideareimplementingmeasurestotransitionawayfromfossilfuelstowardsrenewableenergysourcessuchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower.Thisshiftiscriticalnotonlyforcombatingclimatechangebutalsoforimprovingpublichealthbyreducingairpollution.Additionally,sustainabletransportationpractices,includingthepromotionofelectricvehiclesandpublictransitsystems,aregainingtractionasalternativestorelianceonprivateautomobiles.Beyondenergyandtransportation,sustainabilityalsoextendstoresourceconsumptionandwastemanagement.Effortstopromoterecycling,reuse,andthedevelopmentofacirculareconomyaimtominimizewasteandmakemoreefficientuseofresources.Inagriculture,sustainablepracticessuchasorganicfarmingandpermaculturearebeingexploredtoreducetheenvironmentalfootprintoffoodproduction.Waterconservationisanotherkeycomponent,withtechnologiesandpoliciesdesignedtopromotemoreefficientwateruseinbothurbanandruralsettings.Thetransitiontoamoresustainablefutureisnotwithoutchallenges.Itrequiressignificantinvestmentinnewtechnologiesandinfrastructure,aswellaschangesinconsumerbehaviorandcorporatepractices.However,thepotentialbenefits—suchasahealthierplanet,greaterenergysecurity,andneweconomicopportunities—makethepursuitofsustainabilityaworthwhileendeavor.Asawarenessgrowsandinnovativesolutionsemerge,thepathtowardsamoresustainableworldbecomesincreasinglyclear,thoughthejourneywillrequirecollectiveeffortandcommitmentfromallsectorsofsociety.Questions:13.Whatisthefundamentalprincipleofsustainabilityasdescribedinthepassage?14.Accordingtothepassage,whataretwoexamplesofeffortstoreducecarbonemissionsandcombatclimatechange?15.Howdoestheconceptofacirculareconomyrelatetosustainableresourceuse,asmentionedinthepassage?16.Whataretwochallengesmentionedinthepassageregardingthetransitiontoamoresustainablefuture?---試卷答案PassageOne1.A*解析思路：文章首段首句指出，“gigeconomy”是勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)過(guò)去十年最顯著的變革之一，并定義其為通過(guò)數(shù)字平臺(tái)連接服務(wù)提供者和顧客的短期、項(xiàng)目制的工作模式。因此，其主要特征是短期、項(xiàng)目制的靈活工作。2.B,C*解析思路：文章第二段闡述支持者的觀點(diǎn)，提到工人可以“選擇他們的項(xiàng)目”（B）和“設(shè)定自己的工作時(shí)間”（C）。這兩點(diǎn)是針對(duì)工人而言的主要好處。3.A,B*解析思路：文章第三段討論批評(píng)者的擔(dān)憂，指出缺乏“傳統(tǒng)工作保障”是主要問(wèn)題（A），這導(dǎo)致工人需要自行承擔(dān)“健康保險(xiǎn)、帶薪休假或退休計(jì)劃”等基本保障（B），這兩點(diǎn)是關(guān)于缺乏傳統(tǒng)工作保障的主要擔(dān)憂。4.C*解析思路：文章最后一段指出，隨著技術(shù)繼續(xù)重塑行業(yè)，找到一種平衡，既能最大化靈活性帶來(lái)的好處，又能解決工人潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，將是“至關(guān)重要的”。這表明作者認(rèn)為在創(chuàng)新與公平之間找到