2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解專項訓(xùn)練試卷詞匯積累考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensiondirections:Readeachpassagebelow.Choosethebestanswer(A,B,C,orD)foreachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Passage1Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentdecades,drivenbygrowingconcernsaboutenvironmentaldegradationandresourcedepletion.Proponentsarguethatitispossibletobalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection,andevenenhancesocialequityintheprocess.Theypointtovariousinitiatives,suchasrenewableenergyprojectsandgreenbuildingpractices,asevidenceofthisbalance.However,criticscontendthatthepursuitofsustainabilityoftencomesatahigheconomiccost,andthatthebenefitsarenotalwaysdistributedequitably.Theyarguethatcertainindustriesandcommunitiesbearthebruntofthetransition,whileothersreaptherewards.Furthermore,theverydefinitionofsustainabilityiscontested,withdifferentstakeholdersemphasizingdifferentaspects,suchaseconomicviability,environmentalprotection,orsocialjustice.Thiscomplexityunderscorestheneedforanuancedandcontext-specificapproachtoachievingsustainabledevelopment.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?2.Accordingtoproponentsofsustainabledevelopment,whataresomeexamplesofinitiativesthatsupporttheirvision?3.Whatarethemainconcernsofcriticsregardingsustainabledevelopment?4.Whyisthedefinitionofsustainabilitycontested?5.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessaryforachievingsustainabledevelopment?Passage2Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedawaveofexcitementandconcernacrossvarioussectors.Ontheonehand,AIhasthepotentialtorevolutionizeindustries,fromhealthcaretotransportation,byautomatingtasks,improvingefficiency,andenablingnewformsofinnovation.Forinstance,AI-powereddiagnostictoolshavethepotentialtosignificantlyimprovetheaccuracyandspeedofdiseasedetection.Ontheotherhand,therearelegitimateconcernsaboutthepotentialnegativeimpactsofAI,suchasjobdisplacement,biasinalgorithms,andthepotentialformisuse.Additionally,theethicalimplicationsofAIarestillbeingdebated,particularlyregardingissuesofprivacy,autonomy,andthepotentialforAItoperpetuateexistingsocialinequalities.AsAItechnologycontinuestoevolve,itiscrucialthatweengageinthoughtfulandongoingdiscussionsaboutitsdevelopmentanddeployment,andworktomitigateitspotentialrisks.6.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?7.WhataresomepotentialbenefitsofAImentionedinthepassage?8.WhataresomeconcernsmentionedaboutthepotentialnegativeimpactsofAI?9.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeethicalimplicationsofAI?10.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestisimportantasAItechnologycontinuestoevolve?Passage3TheCOVID-19pandemichashadaprofoundimpactonglobaleducationsystems,exposingvulnerabilitiesandhighlightingtheneedforinnovation.Thesuddenshifttoremotelearningforcedmanyschoolsanduniversitiestoadaptquickly,oftenwithlimitedresourcesandinfrastructure.Thisexperiencehasunderscoredtheimportanceofdigitalliteracyandaccesstotechnologyforallstudents.However,ithasalsorevealedsignificantdisparitiesineducationaloutcomes,withstudentsfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsoftenstrugglingtoaccessonlinelearningresourcesandsupport.Thishasexacerbatedexistinginequalitiesandraisedconcernsaboutthelong-termconsequencesforeducationalattainmentandsocialmobility.Movingforward,itwillbecrucialtoinvestineducationsystemsthataremoreresilient,equitable,andadaptabletofuturechallenges.Thismayinvolveexpandingaccesstotechnology,developinginnovativeteachingmethods,andprovidingadditionalsupportforstudentswhoaremostvulnerable.11.WhathastheCOVID-19pandemicrevealedaboutglobaleducationsystems?12.Whatchallengesdidtheshifttoremotelearningposeforschoolsanduniversities?13.Howhasthepandemicexacerbatedexistinginequalitiesineducation?14.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaresomewaystoimproveeducationsystemsinthefuture?15.Whatisthemainconcernregardingthelong-termconsequencesofthepandemiconeducation?PartIIVocabularydirections:Beloweachsentence,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestwordtofillintheblank,andmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.16.Despitethenumerous_________,theteammanagedtocompletetheprojectsuccessfully.A.obstaclesB.opportunitiesC.resourcesD.expectations17.Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasa_________inthehistoryofmedicine,revolutionizingthetreatmentofbacterialinfections.A.milestoneB.controversyC.duplicationD.degradation18.Thepolitician'sspeechwasfilledwith_________,makingitdifficultfortheaudiencetofollowhisargument.A.ambiguityB.clarityC.precisionD.simplicity19.Theoldbuildinghasbeen_________foritshistoricalsignificanceandisnowaprotectedlandmark.A.disregardedB.recognizedC.reconstructedD.demolished20.Thecompany'ssuccesscanbeattributedtoits_________ofinnovationandadaptabilityinarapidlychangingmarket.A.aversionB.resistanceC.reluctanceD.commitment21.Theathlete'sperformancewas_________,leavingthecrowdinaweofhisexceptionalskills.A.mediocreB.outstandingC.inconsistentD.predictable22.Thegovernmentimplementedstrict_________tocontrolthespreadofthevirusduringthepandemic.A.regulationsB.recommendationsC.accommodationsD.incentives23.Thenovel'splotis_________,withmultiplestorylinesthatintersectandcontributetotheoverallnarrative.A.linearB.complexC.simplisticD.straightforward24.Thescientist'sresearchwas_________byhismeticulousattentiontodetailandrigorousmethodology.A.criticizedB.questionedC.validatedD.discredited25.The_________ofthenewpolicywasmetwithmixedreactionsfromthepublic.A.implementationB.oppositionC.cancellationD.modification試卷答案PartIReadingComprehension1.B解析：文章主要討論了可持續(xù)發(fā)展概念的復(fù)雜性，以及支持者和批評者之間的不同觀點。選項B“可持續(xù)發(fā)展是一個復(fù)雜的概念，涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)境和社交等多個方面，并且需要根據(jù)具體情況采取不同的方法”最能概括文章主旨。2.C解析：根據(jù)文章第二段，支持者提到了可再生能源項目和綠色建筑實踐作為支持他們愿景的例子。3.A解析：根據(jù)文章第三段，批評者主要擔(dān)心可持續(xù)發(fā)展帶來的高昂經(jīng)濟(jì)成本，以及其益處并不總是公平分配。4.D解析：根據(jù)文章第四段，不同利益相關(guān)者強(qiáng)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的不同方面，如經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性、環(huán)境保護(hù)或社會正義，導(dǎo)致其定義存在爭議。5.E解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句，作者指出實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展需要一個細(xì)致且根據(jù)具體情況采取不同方法的方法。6.A解析：文章主要討論了人工智能這一主題，包括其潛在的好處和壞處。7.C解析：根據(jù)文章第二段，人工智能有可能通過自動化任務(wù)、提高效率和促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新來改變各個行業(yè)。8.B解析：根據(jù)文章第二段，對人工智能的潛在負(fù)面影響包括工作流失、算法中的偏見以及潛在的濫用。9.D解析：根據(jù)文章第三段，人工智能的道德影響仍然存在爭議，特別是關(guān)于隱私、自主權(quán)以及人工智能可能加劇現(xiàn)有社會不平等的可能性。10.A解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句，隨著人工智能技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，進(jìn)行持續(xù)的關(guān)于其發(fā)展和部署的深思熟慮的討論，并努力減輕其潛在風(fēng)險是非常重要的。11.B解析：根據(jù)文章第一段，COVID-19大流行暴露了全球教育系統(tǒng)的脆弱性，并突出了創(chuàng)新的需要。12.A解析：根據(jù)文章第二段，轉(zhuǎn)向遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)給學(xué)校和教育機(jī)構(gòu)帶來了挑戰(zhàn)，因為他們經(jīng)常缺乏資源和技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施來快速適應(yīng)。13.C解析：根據(jù)文章第三段，大流行加劇了現(xiàn)有的教育不平等，因為來自弱勢背景的學(xué)生往往難以獲得在線學(xué)習(xí)資源和支持。14.B解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句，為了應(yīng)對未來的挑戰(zhàn)，需要投資于更具彈性、更公平和更具適應(yīng)性的教育系統(tǒng)，這包括擴(kuò)大技術(shù)獲取、開發(fā)創(chuàng)新教學(xué)方法以及為最弱勢的學(xué)生提供額外支