2025年城市規(guī)劃師考試城市規(guī)劃與設(shè)計專業(yè)英語專項訓(xùn)練試卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIVocabularyandGrammarChoosethebestwordorphrasetocompleteeachsentence.1.Themasterplanoutlinesthe______distributionoflandusesandtheintegrationoftransportationnetworks.(A)reasonable(B)rational(C)relative(D)relevant2.Sustainableurbandevelopmentrequiresa______approachthatconsidersenvironmental,social,andeconomicimpacts.(A)sectoral(B)holistic(C)fragmented(D)superficial3.Zoningregulationsoftendictatethemaximum______ofbuildingsinaspecificarea.(A)height(B)width(C)depth(D)length4.Thecharacterofthehistoricdistrictshouldbe______throughcarefulplanninganddesignguidelines.(A)preserved(B)destroyed(C)modified(D)ignored5.Publicparticipationis______tothelegitimacyandeffectivenessofurbanplanningprocesses.(A)useless(B)unnecessary(C)essential(D)optional6.Infilldevelopmentreferstotheconstructionofnewbuildingson______landwithinanexistingurbanarea.(A)vacant(B)occupied(C)agricultural(D)industrial7.Compactcitymodelssuggestthathigher______densitiescanreducepercapitainfrastructurecosts.(A)population(B)land(C)fiscal(D)transportation8.The______movementadvocatesforpedestrian-friendlyurbanenvironmentsandthereductionofcardependency.(A)transit-oriented(B)live-work-play(C)newurbanism(D)smartgrowth9.Siteplanninginvolvesthe______arrangementofphysicalelementsonaspecificlot.(A)haphazard(B)random(C)deliberate(D)accidental10.Urbanregenerationaimsto______deterioratedurbanareasbyinvestmentandrevitalization.(A)abandon(B)neglect(C)revitalize(D)demolish11.Choosethebestwordtofillintheblank:Thestudy______thecorrelationbetweengreenspaceavailabilityandresidents'mentalhealth.(A)conducts(B)conducted(C)conducting(D)conduct12.Thezoningordinance______restrictsthetypeofbusinessesthatcanoperateinthecommercialdistrict.(A)recentlyenacted(B)beenactedrecently(C)wasrecentlyenacted(D)hasrecentlyenacted13.Effectiveurbandesign______notonlyaestheticappealbutalsofunctionalefficiencyandsocialequity.(A)provide(B)provides(C)providing(D)provided14.Itiscrucialforplannersto______thepotentialenvironmentalimpactsofproposeddevelopmentprojects.(A)assessing(B)assess(C)assessed(D)toassess15.The______ofaffordablehousingisamajorchallengefacingmanycitiesworldwide.(A)provision(B)provide(C)provided(D)providingPartIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestionsbasedontheinformationprovided.Passage1Urbansprawl,characterizedbylow-density,car-dependentdevelopmentpatternsspreadingoutwardsfromurbancenters,presentssignificantchallengestosustainableurbangrowth.Itleadstoinefficientlanduse,increasedinfrastructurecosts,andheightenedenvironmentaldegradation,includinglossofagriculturallandandincreasedpollution.Proponentsarguethatsprawloffershomeownersmorespaceandprivacy,butcriticscontendthatitslong-termcostsoutweighthesebenefits.Compactcitystrategies,whichadvocateforhigherdensitiesandmixed-usedevelopments,areoftenproposedascountermeasures.Thesestrategiesaimtoreducerelianceonautomobiles,promotepublictransportation,andcreatemorevibrant,walkablecommunities.However,thesuccessfulimplementationofcompactcitymodelsrequirescarefulplanning,investmentinpublicinfrastructure,andashiftinculturalattitudestowardshousingandmobility.16.Whataresomeofthemainnegativeconsequencesofurbansprawlmentionedinthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheargumentsforandagainstsprawlpresentedbyproponentsandcritics?18.Whatarethekeyfeaturesofcompactcitystrategiesasdescribedinthetext?19.Whatconditionsarenecessaryforthesuccessfulimplementationofcompactcitymodels,accordingtothepassage?Passage2Publicspaceisafundamentalcomponentofurbanenvironments,providingareasforsocialinteraction,recreation,andcivicengagement.Thedesignandqualityofpublicspacessignificantlyinfluencethevitalityandcharacterofacity.Well-designedparks,plazas,andstreetscapescanenhancecommunitycohesion,attracttourism,andimproveresidents'qualityoflife.However,manycitiesfacechallengesincreatingandmaintaininghigh-qualitypublicspaces,oftenduetolimitedfunding,neglect,orinappropriatedesign.Issuessuchassafetyconcerns,lackofaccessibility,andinsufficientmaintenancecanrenderevenwell-intentionedpublicspacesunderutilizedorundesirable.Plannersincreasinglyrecognizetheimportanceofparticipatorydesignprocessesthatinvolvelocalcommunitiesinshapingpublicspacestoensuretheymeetdiverseneedsandreflecttheculturalcontextofthearea.20.Whatroledopublicspacesplayinurbanenvironmentsaccordingtothepassage?21.Whatfactorscanhinderthecreationandmaintenanceofhigh-qualitypublicspaces?22.Whatbenefitcanwell-designedpublicspacesbringtoacity?23.Whatapproachismentionedinthepassageforimprovingpublicspacedesign?PartIIITranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.24.城市更新項目需要綜合考慮經(jīng)濟、社會和環(huán)境等多方面因素。25.合理的綠地系統(tǒng)對于改善城市熱島效應(yīng)和提升居民健康至關(guān)重要。26.城市規(guī)劃應(yīng)當(dāng)以促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展為導(dǎo)向，保障全體市民的基本權(quán)利。27.交通規(guī)劃的目標(biāo)是構(gòu)建高效、便捷、綠色的綜合交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)。28.保護歷史文化遺產(chǎn)不僅是法律要求，也是傳承城市文脈的責(zé)任。PartIVWritingYouarerequiredtowriteashortessay(about150words)onthetopic:"TheImportanceofSustainableUrbanPlanningintheContextofClimateChange."Discusswhysustainableplanningapproachesarecrucialformitigatingtheimpactsofclimatechangeonurbanareas.試卷答案PartIVocabularyandGrammar1.(B)rational*解析：rational意為“合理的，理性的”，符合句意“總體規(guī)劃闡述了土地使用的合理分布”。reasonable意為“合理的，公平的”；relative意為“相對的，相關(guān)的”；relevant意為“相關(guān)的，切題的”。2.(B)holistic*解析：holisticapproach意為“整體性方法”，與句意“可持續(xù)發(fā)展要求一種整體性的方法，考慮環(huán)境、社會和經(jīng)濟影響”相符。sectoral意為“部門的”；fragmented意為“碎片化的”；superficial意為“表面的”。3.(A)height*解析：height意為“高度”，符合句意“分區(qū)法規(guī)往往規(guī)定某特定區(qū)域建筑的最大高度”。width意為“寬度”；depth意為“深度”；length意為“長度”。4.(A)preserved*解析：preserve意為“保護，維持”，符合句意“應(yīng)通過仔細規(guī)劃和設(shè)計指南保護歷史街區(qū)的風(fēng)貌”。destroy意為“破壞”；modify意為“修改”；ignore意為“忽視”。5.(C)essential*解析：essentialto意為“對...至關(guān)重要”，符合句意“公眾參與對規(guī)劃過程的合法性和有效性至關(guān)重要”。useless意為“無用的”；unnecessary意為“不必要的”；optional意為“可選的”。6.(A)vacant*解析：vacantland意為“空地”，符合句意“填充式開發(fā)是指在現(xiàn)有城市區(qū)域內(nèi)的空地上建造新建筑”。occupied意為“被占用的”；agricultural意為“農(nóng)業(yè)的”；industrial意為“工業(yè)的”。7.(B)land*解析：landdensities意為“土地密度”，符合句意“緊湊型城市模型表明，較高的土地密度可以降低人均基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施成本”。populationdensities意為“人口密度”；fiscaldensities意為“財政密度”；transportationdensities意為“交通密度”。8.(D)smartgrowth*解析：smartgrowth意為“智慧增長”，與句意“倡導(dǎo)行人友好型城市環(huán)境，減少汽車依賴的運動是智慧增長運動”相符。transit-orienteddevelopment意為“以公共交通為導(dǎo)向的開發(fā)”；live-work-play意為“居住-工作-休閑”；newurbanism意為“新城市主義”。9.(C)deliberate*解析：deliberatearrangement意為“經(jīng)過深思熟慮的安排”，符合句意“場地規(guī)劃涉及對特定地塊上物理元素的刻意安排”。haphazard意為“雜亂無章的”；random意為“隨機的”；accidental意為“偶然的”。10.(C)revitalize*解析：revitalize意為“使復(fù)興，使煥發(fā)生機”，符合句意“城市再生旨在通過投資和振興使衰敗的城市區(qū)域煥發(fā)生機”。abandon意為“拋棄”；neglect意為“忽視”；demolish意為“拆除”。11.(B)conducted*解析：根據(jù)句意和語法結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時，表示“該研究進行了”，conducted符合要求。conducts是第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時；conducting是現(xiàn)在分詞；conduction是名詞。12.(A)recentlyenacted*解析：enacted是過去分詞作定語，修飾zoningordinance，表示“最近通過的”，recently修飾enacted，符合語法。beenactedrecently結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤；wasrecentlyenacted時態(tài)錯誤；hasrecentlyenacted時態(tài)錯誤。13.(B)provides*解析：主語Effectiveurbandesign是單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)形式provides。provide是動詞原形；providing是現(xiàn)在分詞；provided是過去式或過去分詞。14.(B)assess*解析：Itiscrucialforplannerstodosomething結(jié)構(gòu)中，todosomething是固定用法，assess是動詞原形。assessing是動名詞；assessed是過去式或過去分詞；toassess是不定式，但此處應(yīng)用動名詞。15.(A)provision*解析：theprovisionofsomething是固定搭配，意為“...的提供”。provide是動詞；provided是過去式或過去分詞；provided是過去式或過去分詞；providing是現(xiàn)在分詞。PartIIReadingComprehension16.Accordingtothepassage,someofthemainnegativeconsequencesofurbansprawlincludeinefficientlanduse,increasedinfrastructurecosts,andenvironmentaldegradationsuchasthelossofagriculturallandandincreasedpollution.*解析：根據(jù)Passage1第一段，城市蔓延的主要負面影響被列舉為inefficientlanduse,increasedinfrastructurecosts,andenvironmentaldegradation（包括lossofagriculturalland和increasedpollution）。17.Proponentsofsprawlarguethatitoffershomeownersmorespaceandprivacy,whilecriticscontendthatitslong-termcostsoutweighthesebenefits.*解析：根據(jù)Passage1第一段，支持者認為sprawl提供更多空間和隱私（proponentsarguethat...），而批評者認為其長期成本超過這些好處（criticscontendthat...）。18.Thekeyfeaturesofcompactcitystrategies,asdescribedinthetext,arehigherdensitiesandmixed-usedevelopments.*解析：根據(jù)Passage1第一段，緊湊型城市策略的關(guān)鍵特征是higherdensities（更高的密度）和mixed-usedevelopments（混合用途發(fā)展）。19.Accordingtothepassage,thenecessaryconditionsforthesuccessfulimplementationofcompactcitymodelsarecarefulplanning,investmentinpublicinfrastructure,andashiftinculturalattitudestowardshousingandmobility.*解析：根據(jù)Passage1最后一段，成功實施緊湊型城市模型需要仔細規(guī)劃（carefulplanning）、對公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的投資（investmentinpublicinfrastructure）以及對外部住房和交通態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變（ashiftinculturalattitudestowardshousingandmobility）。20.Accordingtothepassage,publicspacesplaytheroleofprovidingareasforsocialinteraction,recreation,andcivicengagementinurbanenvironments.*解析：根據(jù)Passage2第一段，公共空間在urbanenvironments中扮演的角色是提供用于socialinteraction（社會互動）、recreation（娛樂）和civicengagement（公民參與）的場所。21.Factorsthatcanhinderthecreationandmaintenanceofhigh-qualitypublicspacesmentionedinthepassagearelimitedfunding,neglect,andinappropriatedesign,aswellassafetyconcerns,lackofaccessibility,andinsufficientmaintenance.*解析：根據(jù)Passage2第二段，阻礙創(chuàng)建和維護高質(zhì)量公共空間的因素包括limitedfunding（資金有限）、neglect（忽視）、inappropriatedesign（設(shè)計不當(dāng)），以及safetyconcerns（安全問題）、lackofaccessibility（缺乏可進入性）和insufficientmaintenance（維護不足）。22.Whatbenefitcanwell-designedpublicspacesbringtoacity?Well-designedpublicspacescanenhancecommunitycohesion,attracttourism,andimproveresidents'qualityoflife.*解析：根據(jù)Passage2第二段，well-designedpublicspaces（設(shè)計良好的公共空間）可以為城市帶來增強communitycohesion（社區(qū)凝聚力）、attracttourism（吸引旅游業(yè)）和improveresidents'qualityoflife（提高居民生活質(zhì)量）的好處。23.Whatapproachismentionedinthepassageforimprovingpublicspacedesign?Thepassagementionsaparticipatorydesignprocessthatinvolveslocalcommunitiesinshapingpublicspaces.*解析：根據(jù)Passage2最后一段，文中提到改善公共空間設(shè)計的方法是participatorydesignprocess（參與式設(shè)計過程），該過程涉及l(fā)ocalcommunities（當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)）參與塑造publicspaces（公共空間）。PartIIITranslation24.Sustainableurbandevelopmentrequiresaholisticapproachthatconsidersenvironmental,social,andeconomicimpacts.*解析：將中文的“綜合考慮經(jīng)濟、社會和環(huán)境等多方面因素”翻譯為英文時，選擇與語境相符的詞組“considerenvironmental,social,andeconomicimpacts”。同時，結(jié)合句意“可持續(xù)發(fā)展需要一種整體性的方法”，翻譯為"Sustainableurbandevelopmentrequiresaholisticapproachthatconsiders..."。25.Therationalprovisionofgreenspaceiscrucialformitigatingtheurbanheatislandeffectandenhancingresidents'well-being.*解析：將中文的“合理的綠地系統(tǒng)對于改善城市熱島效應(yīng)和提升居民健康至關(guān)重要”翻譯為英文時，“合理的綠地系統(tǒng)”翻譯為"Therationalprovisionofgreenspace"；"改善城市熱島效應(yīng)"翻譯為"mitigatingtheurbanheatislandeffect"；"提升居民健康"翻譯為"enhancingresidents'well-being"。26.Urbanplanningshouldbeguidedbytheprincipleofsustainabledevelopment,ensuringthefundamentalrightsandequitableaccesstoopportunitiesforallcitizens.*解析：將中文的“城市規(guī)劃應(yīng)當(dāng)以促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展為導(dǎo)向，保障全體市民的基本權(quán)利”翻譯為英文時，“以促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展為導(dǎo)向”翻譯為"guidedbytheprincipleofsustainabledevelopment"；"保障全體市民的基本權(quán)利"翻譯為"ensuringthefundamentalrightsandequitableaccesstoopportunitiesforallcitizens"。27.Theobjectiveoftransportationplanningistoestablishanefficient,convenient,andgreenintegratedtransportationnetwork.*解析：將中文的“交通規(guī)劃的目標(biāo)是構(gòu)建高效、便捷、綠色的綜合交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)”翻譯為英文時，“交通規(guī)劃的目標(biāo)”翻譯為"Theobjectiveoftransportationplanning"；"構(gòu)建高效、便捷、綠色的綜合交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)"翻譯為"toestablishanefficient,convenient,andgreenintegratedtransportationnetwork"。28.Theconservationofhistoricalandculturalheritageisnotonlyalegalrequirementbutalsoaresponsibilityforpreservingthecity'sculturallineage.*解析：將中文的“保護歷史文化遺產(chǎn)不僅是法律要求，也是傳承城市文脈的責(zé)任”翻譯為英文時，“保護歷史文化遺產(chǎn)”翻譯為"Theconservationofhistoricaland