高三英語閱讀理解(教育文化)答題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Theterm"crocodiletears"referstoinsinceresadness.Thistermhasanetymologydatingbackseveralcenturies.Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.

Thetermcrocodiletearsbecamewidelypopularafteritwasdocumentedinafifteenth-centurybooktitledTheVoyageandTravelofSirJohnMandeville,Knight.Apassagefromthebookreads:"Thesecrocodileskillmenandtheyeatthemweeping."

Asyoumayalreadyknow,crocodilians(鱷目動物)likelyfeelbadaboutlittle—especiallyfeeding.However,theassumptionofthecrocodile-tearsmetaphormaybetrue.Ina2007paperpublishedinBioSciencetitled"CrocodileTears:Andtheyeatthemweeping",researchersobserved7crocodiliansincagesduringfeedingtimeatareserve(4caimansand3Americanalligators).Theresearchersobservedthecrocodiliansoutsideofwateratfeedingstationstobetterfindoutwhethertearingdeveloped.

Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses(發(fā)出嘶嘶聲)whileiteats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions(鼻淚管分泌物.)

Inhumans,crocodiletearsisamedicalconditionthatcausesapersontotearupwhileeating.Crocodiletearstypicallyoccurbecauseofatemporarylossoffacialcontrolduetodamageofthefacialnerve.Specifically,whenthefacialnervegrowsagain,itdoessoincorrectlythusresultingintearsduringchewingfood.（1）Theunderlinedword"etymology"inParagraph1refersto________.A.areferencebookcontainingarticlesonvarioustopicsB.theoriginandhistoryofaparticulartermC.aprintedsheetofpaperthatarcgivenfreetoadvertiseD.theapplicationandinfluenceofanewtheory（2）Theterm"crocodiletears"________.A.isamedicalconditionthatcausesacrocodiletotearupB.becamewidelypopularasearlyasthefourthcenturyC.referstopretendedsadnessD.provedtobeonlyanassumption（3）Fromthe2007paperpublishedinBioScience,wecanknowthat________.A.crocodiliansespeciallyfeelbadaboutfeedingB.notallthe7crocodiliansdevelopedtearingC.thecrocodilianswerecarefullyobservedinsidewaterD.crocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhissesafteriteats（4）Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.whattherealtruthisaboutcrocodiletearsB.whentheterm"crocodiletears"gotpopularinliteratureC.howresearchersmadetheexperimentoncrocodiliansD.whycrocodiletearstypicallyoccurinhumans【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過引用“鱷魚的眼淚”這一說法的來源、發(fā)展以及相關(guān)實驗來告訴讀者“crocodiletears”的真實含義。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“datingbackseveralcenturies”追溯到幾個世紀(jì)前；以及“Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.”早在公元4世紀(jì)，鱷魚的眼淚在文學(xué)作品中的意思是假慈悲，可推知，etymology和一個詞條的來源和發(fā)展相關(guān)。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.”是指假傷心，假慈悲。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.”7只鱷魚中，有5只在吃食之前，之中和之后流下了眼淚，可知，并非所有的鱷魚在吃食時都會流淚。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses(發(fā)出嘶嘶聲)whileitcats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions”研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)這些鱷魚的眼淚是因為它們在進(jìn)食時發(fā)出的嘶嘶聲，這種聲音迫使空氣通過鼻子背后的空間從眼睛出來，在這個過程中帶出了鼻內(nèi)管分泌物，可知，作者通過對“crocodiletears”這一詞條的來源、發(fā)展以及相關(guān)實驗來告訴讀者有關(guān)“crocodiletears”的真實含義。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Asisknowntoall,nowadaysmanystudentsareinterestedinstudyingabroad.

Attendingschoolsabroadhasmanyadvantages.First,bylookingatourowncountryfromoutside,wecanbestseethestrongpointsandweakpointsofournationandthereforebroadenourminds.Second,whilestudyinginaforeigncountry,wecantravelwidely,visitingfamousscenicspotsandmakingfriendswiththelocalpeople.Third,wecanusetheforeignlanguageinourdailylifesothatourabilityinthatlanguagemaybeimprovedquickly.Butthemostimportantistolearnadvanced(先進(jìn)的)scienceandtechnology.Foralltheseadvantages,itisreallyworthwhiletogoabroadforeducation.

However,aseverythinghastwosides,therearealsosomedisadvantagesinattendingaforeignuniversity.Themostseriousproblemisthelanguagebarrier(障礙).Mostofthestudentswhoarereadytogoabroaddonotpreparethemselveswellforthenewlanguageenvironment.Asaresult,onarrivingthere,theywillfinditdifficulttounderstandwhattheinstructorsaresayinginclass.Besides,fornotknowingaboutthecustomsandwayoflifeofthelocalpeople,theymayrunintotroubleindealingwithvarioussituations.Therefore,misunderstandingsoftenarise.Furthermore,thecostoflivingismuchhigherthanthatinourcountry,somoststudentshavetofindpart-timejobsinordertohelpsupportthemselves.Facedwiththesedifficulties,manystudentsfindthemselvesunabletopayfullattentiontotheirstudiesandsomestudentsmayevenfailintheircoursesandlearnlittle.

Therefore,givenanopportunitytoattendaschoolabroad,onemustconsiderthefactorscarefullybeforemakinguphismind.Ontheonehand,itisagoodthingtogoandstudyabroad.Butontheotherhand,onemustnotneglect(忽視)thedisadvantages.（1）Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingarealladvantagesofstudyingabroadEXCEPT__________.A.

havingmorechancestogetgoodjobs

B.

improvingforeignlanguageabilityquicklyC.

visitingwell-knownplacesofinterest

D.

learningverymodernscienceandtechnology（2）Theunderlinedword"instructors"inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto"__________".A.neighborsB.teachersC.strangersD.classmates（3）Accordingtothepassage,whydosomestudentsfindpart-timejobs?A.Becausetheywanttolearnmoreskillsinadifferentcountry.B.Becausetheywanttomakefulluseoftheirtime.C.Becausetheyarenotinterestedinstudying.D.Becausetheyhavetosupportthemselves.（4）Thepassagemainlytellsusthat__________.A.studyingabroadisagoodwaytolearnmoreB.everythinghastwosidesC.peopleshouldthinktwicebeforegoingabroadD.goingabroadhasmoreadvantagesthandisadvantages【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了出國學(xué)習(xí)的壞處和好處，旨在告誡人們對出國學(xué)習(xí)要慎重考慮，不能盲目跟風(fēng)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"wecantravelwidely，visitingfamousscenicspots"及"ourabilityinthatlanguagemaybeimprovedquickly.Butthemostimportantistolearnadvanced（先進(jìn)的）scienceandtechnology"可知，出國學(xué)習(xí)可以提高我們的外語能力、參觀著名景點和學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，而沒有提及有更多的機(jī)會找到好工作，故選A。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的"sayinginclass"可知，他們很難理解講師在課堂上所說的話，由此可知畫線詞詞義為"老師"，故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"somoststudentshavetofindpart-timejobsinordertohelpsupportthemselves"可知，很多學(xué)生找兼職工作是為了養(yǎng)活他們自己，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，文章主要分析了出國學(xué)習(xí)的利弊，根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，文章旨在說明對出國學(xué)習(xí)要慎重考慮，不能盲目跟風(fēng)，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Theendoftheyearisdrawingnear,andwinterisinfullswing.Theseasonbringsalongwithitstrongwindsandsnow—anenvironmentthat'snevercomfortabletobein.

Thisunpleasantandevenfrighteningaspectofwintercanoftenbeseeninliterature.InShakespeare'sKingLear(1606),thekinghasgivenawayhiskingdomandbeenrejectedbyhistwoungratefuldaughters.Heisoutinthewintercold，sufferingthingsthatareusuallyreservedforthepoorestandmostunfortunatehumanbeings.

ThewinterisbadenoughforLear，butbeingabandonedbyhisfamilyisworse.AsongfromanotherShakespeareplay,AsYouLikeIt(1599),isfittingforthispooroldman'ssituation:"Blow,blow,thouwinterwind/Thouartnotsounkind/Asma'singratitude(忘恩負(fù)義)".Here,winterisusedtobringouttheuglinessofinhumanity(無人性).Therearen'tmanythingsthatareworsethanwinter,accordingtoShakespeare.

Oncewinterbecamelessofathreattohumanbeings,literaryworksfeaturingitbecamemorepositive.SinceCharlesDickens,therepresentationoftheseasoninliteraturehasoftenfeaturedhappyChristmascelebrations.

Thecoldofthewinterweatherprovidesacontrasttothefungoingonindoors.

Dickens'AChristmasCarol(1843)wasthestartofthis,butChristmasisstillacommon,cheeryelement(元素)instoriesthatfeaturewinterscenestoday.ConsiderthejoyfeltbyHarryPotterandhisfriendsinJ.K.Rowling'sHarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStone(1997)astheysitdownfortheirfestivemeal：

"HarryhadneverinallhislifehadsuchaChristmasdinner.Ahundredfat，roastturkeys;mountainsofroastandboiledpotatoes;plattersofchipolatas;tureensofbutteredpeas,silverboatsofthick,richgravyandcranberrysauce".

Itisalmostasmuchapleasuretoreadaboutthemealasitmighthavebeentoeatit.

Althoughwinterstillisn'tthemostcheerfulseasoninnovelsandpoems,it'ssafetosaythatwritershavecertainly"warmedup"sinceShakespeare'sdays.（1）What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?A.Torecommendsomewinterstoriesinliterature.B.Toexplainwhatwinterislikeinliteraryworks.C.Todescribecertaincustomsthatarerelatedtowinter.D.Totelluswhywinterisdescribedasunpleasantinliterature.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromShakespeare'sworks?A.Shakespearedidn'tlikewinterforitsbadweather.B.KingLearwasforcedtogiveupbeingakinginacoldwinter.C.It'sinwinterwhenKingLeardrovehistwodaughtersoff.D.Winteriscomparedwiththeuglysideofhumanity.（3）WhydoestheauthormentionCharlesDickensinthepassage?A.Becausealotofhisworksarerelatedtowinter.B.Becauseheisthemostpopularauthorofwinterstories.C.Becausehestartedanewwayofrepresentingwinter.D.Becausehisworksmakepeoplefeelcheerfulinwinter.（4）TheexampleofHarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStoneisusedmainlytoshow

.A.traditionalChristmasfoodmakesthewintercheeryB.ChristmasisstillasymbolofjoyinmodernstoriesC.it'sapleasuretoreadChristmas-relatedbooksinwinterD.winterhasbecomethehappiestseasoninliteraryworks【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐懼的方面經(jīng)常在文學(xué)作品中看到，但隨著時間的推移，文學(xué)作品中冬天的含義也在發(fā)生變化。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisunpleasantandevenfrighteningaspectofwintercanoftenbeseeninliterature”可知，人們經(jīng)?？梢栽谖膶W(xué)中看到冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐懼的方面。隨后，作者描述了冬天在不同作家的作品中的不同方面?？赏浦?，作者寫本文是為了解釋文學(xué)作品中的冬天是什么樣子的。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Here,winterisusedtobringouttheuglinessofinhumanity(無人性).Therearen'tmanythingsthatareworsethanwinter,accordingtoShakespeare.”可知，在莎士比亞的戲劇《皆大歡喜》中，冬天被用來展現(xiàn)人性的丑陋。莎士比亞認(rèn)為，沒有什么比冬天更糟糕的了。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段可知，自狄更斯以來，在文學(xué)中這個季節(jié)的表現(xiàn)常常是圣誕快樂的慶?；顒印Ｓ纱丝芍?，作者在文中提到查爾斯·狄更斯是因為他開啟了一種描寫冬天的新方式。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段可知，寒冷的冬季天氣與室內(nèi)的樂趣形成了對比。再根據(jù)第六段第二句話可知，在J.K.Rowling的《哈利?波特與魔法石》中，哈利?波特和他的朋友們在享用圣誕大餐時是快樂的。作者通過這個例子說明在現(xiàn)代故事中圣誕節(jié)仍然是快樂的象征。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Inordertolearnaforeignlanguagewell,fourthingsarenecessary.First,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehearitspoken.Secondly,wemustbeabletospeakitourselves,withconfidenceandwithouthesitation(猶豫).Thirdly,wemustdomuchreading.Finally,wemustbeabletowriteit.Wemustbeabletomakesentencesthatarecorrectingrammar.

Therearenoshortcutstosuccessinlanguagelearning.Agoodmemoryisagreathelp,butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizetherulesfromagrammarbook.Itisnotmuchlearningbyheartlonglistsofwordsandtheirmeanings,studyingthedictionaryandsoon.Wemustlearnbyusingthelanguage.

Ifwearepleasedwithafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.Wemust"learnthroughuse."Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.（1）Themostimportantthingstolearnaforeignlanguageare

.A.

understandingandspeaking

B.

Listening,speaking,readingandwritingC.

writingandunderstanding

D.

memorizingandlistening（2）SomeonehearsandwritesEnglishverywell,buthespeaksitverybadly.Thisisbecause

.A.hedoesn'tunderstandthelanguagewhenhehearsitspokenB.hedoesn'thaveagoodmemoryC.healwaysrememberslistsofwordsandtheirmeaningsD.heoftenhesitates(猶豫)topractisespeakingit（3）Onecanneverlearnaforeignlanguagewellby

.A.doingmuchpracticeB.studyingthedictionaryC.learningthroughuseD.usingthelanguage（4）Whichisthemostimportantinlearningaforeignlanguage?A.goodmemory.B.Speaking.C.Practice.D.Writing.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了學(xué)習(xí)一門語言的基本方法和根本方法。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”Inordertoknowaforeignlanguagethoroughly（完全地），fourthingsarenecessary.“為了完全了解一門外語，要做好四個方面的準(zhǔn)備，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的”Secondly，wemustbeabletospeakitourselves，withconfidenceandwithouthesitation.“第二，我們必須要自己會說，帶著自信而且毫不猶豫。推斷有些人說不好，是因為在說這方面，他有猶豫要不要練習(xí)說這門語言，故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的”Agoodmemoryisagreathelp，butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizetherulesfromagrammarbook.“好的記憶力是會很有幫助，但是光從語法書上記憶語法規(guī)則是不夠的；以及第三段中的”Ifwearepleasedwithafewruleswehavememorized，wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.Wemust"learnthroughuse."Practiceisimportant.“如果我們對于記點語法規(guī)則就很滿足，但在并不是真正在學(xué)語言。我們必須通過使用它來學(xué)這門語言。所以選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.“練習(xí)非常重要。我們必須盡可能地練習(xí)說和寫一門語言，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

SomeAfricanschoolsareaddingprogramsthatteachwhatofficialsarecalling"softskills"tostudents.Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers.Officialssaythiskindoftrainingcanhelpstudentssucceedinthejobmarketandinlife.

ThetrainingisbeingofferedattheSt.BernadetteKamonyiSecondarySchoolinKigali,Rwanda.Forweeks,itsstudentshavebeenvisitingneighborhoodbusinesses.Thegoalofthesefieldtripsisfortheyoungpeopletolearnwhatisnecessarytosecureajob.

Forthesecondaryschoolstudents,thisinformationisimportant.Inafewmonths,they'llcompletetheirstudiesandtrytheirbesttofindwork.OneoftheRwandanstudentsis22-year-oldAminadabNiyitegeka.Hesayshewilllookforanyjobavailable.Hehopesthatwhathelearnsinhisworkreadinessclasswillhelp.Traditionally,secondaryschoolsinAfricahavespentmoretimeonsubjectslikemathematicsandscience,largelyignoringareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.Butthatischanging.Schoolsareexploringnewteachingmodelstooffersoftskillsandprofessionaltraining.Itispartofanefforttopreparestudentstobecomebettercommunicators,problemsolversandcitizens(公民).

RwandahasstartedaworkreadinesstrainingprogramcalledAkaziKanozeAccess.Itmeans"workwelldone"inKinyarwanda,theofficiallanguageofRwanda.Theprogramhastrainedmorethan20,000studentstohelpmakethemmoreappealingtoemployers.

EmmanuelNtagungiraisateacherandworksasatrainerforAkaziKanozeAccess,Heoftenvisitsemployerswhohavegivenjobstohighschools.Theemployersareveryhappybecausethegraduatesarereadytowork.Hesayshehopestheprogramwillhelplowerunemployment,whichstandsatover13percentnationwide.Healsoexplainsthatthegraduateshaveahealthymindsetandemployersaresatisfiedwiththejobthey'vebeendoing.（1）Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleof"softskills"?A.Beingcompetentinsoftware.B.Communicatingwithotherswell.C.Makingagoodspeechinpublic.D.Havingagoodsenseofcooperation.（2）InwhatwayhavesecondaryschoolsinAfricachanged?A.Theyfocusonmathematicsandscience.B.Theyignoreareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.C.Theyapplynewteachingmethods.D.Theymakeanefforttoofferstudentssoftskills.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheprogramKaziKanozeAccessaimstoappealtoemployers.B.AminadabNiyitegekawilldefinitelyfindagoodjobaftergraduation.C.Studentswithsoftskillsarelikelytogetalongwellwithothers.D.Studentshavebeenvisitingneighborhoodbusinessestosecureajob.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在非洲一些地區(qū)和學(xué)校實施的“軟技能”項目，即關(guān)注學(xué)生個人品質(zhì)教學(xué)項目的實施情況，這種培訓(xùn)可以幫助學(xué)生在就業(yè)市場和生活中取得成功。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers”可知，軟技能是指人的品質(zhì)，能幫助人與人之間有效交流的品質(zhì)。所以軟件操作不是個人品質(zhì)，就不是軟技能。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Traditionally,secondaryschoolsinAfricahavespentmoretimeonsubjectslikemathematicsandscience,largelyignoringareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.Butthatischanging.Schoolsareexploringnewteachingmodelstooffersoftskillsandprofessionaltraining”可知傳統(tǒng)上，非洲的中學(xué)花時間在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)等科目上，很大程度上會忽略公共演講和團(tuán)隊協(xié)作等領(lǐng)域。但現(xiàn)在這樣的情況正在改變。學(xué)校正在探索新的教學(xué)模式以提供軟技能和專業(yè)訓(xùn)練。所以非洲中級學(xué)校的改變是他們努力教給學(xué)生軟技能。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers.Officialssaythiskindoftrainingcanhelpstudentssucceedinthejobmarketandinlife”可知軟技能是指人的品質(zhì)，能幫助人與人之間有效交流的品質(zhì)。權(quán)威人士說這樣的訓(xùn)練能幫助學(xué)生在找工作和生活中成功。因此軟技能幫學(xué)生跟人和睦相處。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Fordecades,doctorshavewarnedpatientsthattoomuchsaltcanbebadfortheheart.Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.

Saltismadeupoftwoelements:sodiumandchlorine.Dietaryguidelinesrecommendthatadultsandkidsaged9—13shouldn'tconsumemorethanaboutateaspoonofsaltdaily.TheaverageAmericaneatstwicethisamount.Thisworriesdoctorsbecausetoomuchsodiumresultsinthebodyproducingmoreblood.Topumptheextrablood,thehearthastoworkharder.Thiscausesariseinbloodpressureameasurementofhowstressedtheheartis.Highbloodpressureoftenleadstoheartdisease.

Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.Drinkingfewerfizzydrinksmakeskidslesslikelytogainweight,becomeobeseanddevelophighbloodpressure.

Saltcanaffectmorethanjustyourheartandweight.ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.

Cuttingdownonsaltcanbehard,butyoucanretrainyourselftopreferlesssaltyfood.Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(調(diào)味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatthereare1,150mgofsodiuminadoublecheeseburger,andover2,000mginmanyfrozenmeals.（1）Whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A.Childreneattoomuchsaltyfood.B.Manyadultssufferfromheartattack.C.Americansconsumetoomuchsalt.D.Heartattackisnowayouthproblem.（2）Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasthecauseofchildhoodobesity?A.Eatingmoresaltyfood.B.Lackofphysicalexercise.C.Drinkingmanysugarysoftdrinks.D.Eatingthesamefoodastheadults.（3）WhatisanotherdiseasetendingtobeyoungeraccordingtoParagraph4?A.Obesity.B.Kidneystone.C.Blooddisease.D.Heartattack.（4）WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thelawsofhealth.B.Howtocutdownonsalt.C.Healthydiet.D.Theamountofsaltweneed.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了鹽對心臟有影響的原因，以及人們在日常生活中保持低鹽的生活方式。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.”長期以來，心臟病被認(rèn)為是成年人的問題，但一項新的研究表明，鹽開始影響兒童。年輕時吃太多咸的食物會導(dǎo)致以后的健康問題；以及第三段中的“Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.”一個有高血壓的孩子更有可能成為一個有高血壓的成年人，可知，文章作者特別擔(dān)心孩子食用過咸的食物導(dǎo)致心臟病和高血壓。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.”減少鹽可能有助于阻止兒童長胖。英國的研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn)吃鹽少的孩子喝的含糖飲料也更少，可知，作者認(rèn)為吃多鹽食品和喝過多含糖的軟飲料也會使孩子長胖。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.”最近一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越多的美國孩子正在患腎結(jié)石。這種痛苦的病通常只在40歲以上的人才患，現(xiàn)在五歲的孩子也在遭受這種疾病，可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在腎結(jié)石這種病正在變得年輕化。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(調(diào)味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.”減少鈉攝入量的最好方法是逐漸改變。先在晚餐中加入平時一半的食鹽。食用新鮮食品而非罐裝或者瓶裝食品。少放些調(diào)味品。你可能也要閱讀營養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽?？芍径翁峁┝艘恍┛梢詼p少食鹽攝入量的方法。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycoldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.

AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays,"Lighttomoderatealcoholintake,especiallyofwine,maybemorelikelytoprotectagainst,ratherthanpromote,weightgain."TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholResearchreviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusions,particularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.

BostonUniversity'sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms(生物學(xué)機(jī)制)relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.Somestudiessuggestthatevenveryobesepeoplemaybeatlowerriskofdiabetesiftheyaremoderatedrinkers.

Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfat,andthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinks,takingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight.

Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone'sriskofbecomingobese.What'smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol(白藜蘆醇),acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.（1）Thepassageismainlyforthose___________.A.whoproducewineB.whohaveadrinkinghabitC.whogoonadietD.whoareeagertoloseweight（2）Theunderlinedphrase"inmoderation"inthefirstparagraphmeans___________.A.excitedlyB.carefullyC.frequentlyD.properly（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.B.Resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbecomingfat.C.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffect.D.Thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.（4）Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Howtodosomeeasyexperiments.B.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.C.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabove.D.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)酒也可能成為人們飲食的一部分，適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬀撇⒉粫?dǎo)致人們發(fā)胖，并且適量飲酒會防止人們得糖尿病。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycouldformpartofadiet.”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)酒也可能成為人們飲食的一部分，適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬀撇⒉粫?dǎo)致人們發(fā)胖。全文都在敘述與之有關(guān)的研究，所以本文應(yīng)該是寫給那些喝酒的人的。故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.”盡管酗酒的確可以增加體重，但是那些適當(dāng)飲酒的人實際上會減肥。根據(jù)連詞while可知，上下文存在對比關(guān)系，inmoderation指適當(dāng)?shù)模泄?jié)制的，故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.”可知，適量飲酒對于糖尿病有防護(hù)作用，也就是說適量飲酒的人不會患上糖尿病。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“What'smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol,acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.”可知，一項研究說明葡萄和紅酒中存在的resveratrol實際上可以破壞肥胖細(xì)胞，那么接下來就應(yīng)該證明這一理論的正確性，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Itishard,ithurts—andyetmorethantwomillionofusintheUKrunatleastonceaweek.

Ofcourse,somepeopleruntoloseweight,ortogetfit,andthesearegreatreasons.Runningisalsoeasytodo,it'scheap,andyoucandoitwhenyouwant.AllthesefactorscertainlycontributetothefactthatrunningisoneofthemostpopularsportsintheUK.

Butformanyofthosetwomillionrunners,therealreasonweheadouttobeattheroadsuntilourlegshurtismoreintangible(無形的)thanweightlossorfitness.

Manyrunnersbecomeinterestedintimes.Theytrytobreakthe40-minutebarrierforthe10K,orrununderfourhoursforthemarathon.Yet,really,thesetimesarealmostmeaningless.Andassoonastheyareachieved,anothertargetisthrownoutalmostimmediately.

Thetimesareonlythecarrotsweputinfrontof