語法專項(xiàng)提升語法專題七非謂語動(dòng)詞英語2026高中總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)GAOZHONGZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI內(nèi)容索引核心考點(diǎn)?分層突破專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練?鞏固提升核心考點(diǎn)?分層突破高考鏈接1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ,語篇填空)Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays

(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.Incoldweather,thestructurestaysclosedtoprotecttheplants.

togive本句中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了謂語動(dòng)詞open,

因此應(yīng)用give的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。再由句意“這些萼片在溫暖的日子打開是為了給里面的植物陽光和新鮮的空氣?！笨芍?

所填的詞做目的狀語,

所以用動(dòng)詞不定式。2.(2024·新高考Ⅱ,語篇填空)ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternationalvisibility,saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed

(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.

tofindamazed做表語,

接動(dòng)詞不定式做原因狀語,

故填to

find。

3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ,

語篇填空)Shanghaimaybethe

(recognize)homeofthesoupdumpling,butfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringancientcanaltownofNanxiangasxiao

long

bao’sbirthplace.

recognizedrecognize和home存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,

故用動(dòng)詞-ed形式做定語。

4.(2023·新高考Ⅰ,

語篇填空)Nanxiangaside,thebestxiao

long

baohaveafineskin,allowingthem

(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.

to

be

lifted此處是allow

sb/sth

to

do結(jié)構(gòu)。lift和them存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,

所以用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式,

故填to

be

lifted。5.(2023·新高考Ⅰ,

語篇填空)NomatterwhereIbuythem,though,onesteamerbasketisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,andsoIamalwaysleft

(want)morenexttime.

wanting此處為leave

sb

doing

sth的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。I和want是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,

所以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式,

故填wanting。6.(2023·新高考Ⅱ,

語篇填空)Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto

(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.

visiting空格后的Chinese

zookeepers與visit之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,

故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語。7.(2022·新高考Ⅰ,語篇填空)

(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.

Covering句中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了謂語動(dòng)詞will

be,所以此處用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式;句子主語與cover之間為主謂關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式做狀語。故填Covering。8.(2022·全國甲,語篇填空)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep

(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.

to

journey分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,所填的詞做定語修飾名詞step,

所以用動(dòng)詞不定式,故填to

journey。9.(2022·全國乙,語篇填空)Tostrengthentheconnectionwithyoungpeople,

theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,

(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.

inviting分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句中the

event為主語,included為謂語動(dòng)詞,故invite需用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,由于其與邏輯主語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用inviting。10.(2021·浙江,

語篇填空)Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover

(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.

to

plant動(dòng)詞不定式to

plant

flowers

in

the

front

yard用作目的狀語。

11.(2021·新高考Ⅰ,

語篇填空)Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus

(astonish).

astonished這里考查了“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)。astonished表示某人感到驚訝的,

astonishing表示某事物令人感到驚訝的?？键c(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一

非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式做狀語(連詞+)動(dòng)詞-ing形式/動(dòng)詞-ed形式在句中用作時(shí)間狀語時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。動(dòng)詞-ing形式和句子主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,表示主動(dòng)含義。動(dòng)詞-ed形式和句子主語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表示被動(dòng)含義。例:When(youare)crossingtheroads,youmustbecareful.過馬路時(shí),你務(wù)必小心。Evenif(heis)asked100times,hewon’tletoutothers’secret.即使被問100次,他也不會(huì)泄露他人的秘密。注意動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式可在句中做時(shí)間、條件、方式、伴隨、原因、結(jié)果等狀語?！癥oucan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,runningaway.(伴隨狀語)“你抓不到我!”珍妮特喊道,跑開了。Deeplymovedbywhatshesaid,hecouldhardlyholdbackhistears.(原因狀語)由于深深地被她的話打動(dòng),他幾乎控制不住自己的眼淚。Whenaskedhernameandaddress,thelittlegirljustkeptsilent.(時(shí)間狀語)當(dāng)問起她的名字和地址時(shí),這個(gè)小女孩只是保持沉默。Givenanotherchance,Iwouldmakegreaterprogress.(條件狀語)再給我一次機(jī)會(huì),我會(huì)取得更大的進(jìn)步。Hejustdideverythingastold,sohewasnottoblamefortheaccident.(方式狀語)他只是按指示做了一切,所以這項(xiàng)事故不該怪他。Hedevotedmostofhissparetimetoplayingcomputergames,makinghimcutofffromfriends.(結(jié)果狀語)他把大部分業(yè)余時(shí)間都花在玩電腦游戲上,使他與朋友斷絕了聯(lián)系。2.動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語(1)動(dòng)詞不定式做原因狀語時(shí)常用于下面的句型中:主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式(todo),句型中的表語形容詞往往是happy,surprised,excited,pleased,disappointed,sad,sorry,shocked,upset等表示情緒或者心理狀態(tài)的詞,因此動(dòng)詞不定式表示的是“引起某種情緒的原因”。Hefeltdisappointedto

hearthathisproposalwasturneddownagain.聽說他的提議再次遭到拒絕,他很失望。Jackwasexcitedto

have

been

chosencaptainoftheteam.杰克因?yàn)楫?dāng)選為隊(duì)長(zhǎng)而激動(dòng)。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語:Ihavecomehereto

askyouforsomeadvice.我來這兒是為了向您征求點(diǎn)建議。(3)動(dòng)詞不定式做結(jié)果狀語(表示出乎意料的結(jié)果)Heliftedastone,onlyto

dropitonhisownfoot.他搬起一塊石頭,結(jié)果卻砸了自己的腳。Helefthomeonarainynight,neverto

return.他在一個(gè)雨夜離家出走,再也沒有回來。比較Many

highways

have

been

completed,

making

it

easier

to

travel

throughout

China.

(動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示意料之中的結(jié)果)(4)動(dòng)詞不定式做修飾性狀語(主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義)Thissentenceiseasyto

understand.這個(gè)句子很容易理解。3.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)狹義的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)指帶有自己邏輯主語的非謂語動(dòng)詞短語,一般在句中做狀語。Its

top

cut

off,thebottleactsasavasenow.頂部削掉了,這個(gè)瓶子現(xiàn)在當(dāng)花瓶了。Thebossenteredtheconferencehall,several

managers

following

him.老板進(jìn)了會(huì)議廳,后面跟著幾個(gè)經(jīng)理。Ipayyoumostofthesalarythisyear,the

rest

to

follow

next

year.我今年付你大部分工資,其余的明年給你?？键c(diǎn)二

非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語1.動(dòng)詞不定式做定語主要用于以下四種情況:(1)被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞時(shí),后面用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語。Heisalwaysthefirstpersonto

comeandthelastto

leave.他總是第一個(gè)到達(dá)最后一個(gè)離開。(2)被修飾的名詞前有形容詞的最高級(jí)時(shí),后面用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語。Shewastheyoungestgirlto

win

this

prize.她是獲得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的最年輕的女孩。(3)名詞或代詞后面做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生時(shí),用動(dòng)詞不定式。Weareeagertoknowthenewsto

be

announced.我們急于想知道要宣布的消息。(4)某些名詞的同根詞后面接不定式,該名詞后面常用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語。Shehastheabilityto

look

after

herself.她有能力照顧好自己。(beabletodosth)2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式做定語(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語:①表示被修飾名詞和動(dòng)作之間為主謂關(guān)系。Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcoveringthedesert.野花看上去就像覆蓋著沙漠的柔軟的橘黃色毯子。②用來說明名詞的用途或?qū)傩浴hereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.我們學(xué)校有個(gè)游泳池。Theoldmanhastowalkwiththehelpofawalkingstick.這位老人得借助拐杖走路。(2)動(dòng)詞-ed形式做定語表示被修飾的名詞與動(dòng)作之間為動(dòng)賓(或被動(dòng))關(guān)系。Arethesethebooksgivenawaytousbytheoldprofessor?這些書是那位老教授捐贈(zèng)給我們的嗎?提示動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式做定語時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsstudyingChineseintheschool.→Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentswho

were

studyingChineseintheschool.有人告訴我大約有50個(gè)外國學(xué)生在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)漢語。拓展表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的(被動(dòng)的)動(dòng)作用動(dòng)詞-ed形式做定語;

表示正在進(jìn)行的(主動(dòng)的)動(dòng)作,

用動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語。動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式為being

done;

動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式為to

be

done。themeetingbeing

heldatpresent正在舉行的會(huì)議themeetingheldyesterday昨天舉行的會(huì)議themeetingto

be

heldtomorrow明天即將舉行的會(huì)議考點(diǎn)三

非謂語動(dòng)詞做主語1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式做主語:動(dòng)詞-ing形式用作主語時(shí),表示一個(gè)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或者一種客觀情況。Going

to

bed

early

and

getting

up

earlyisagoodhabit.早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。Knowing

your

own

strengths

and

weaknesseswillhelpyousucceed.了解自己的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和弱點(diǎn)將有助于你成功。拓展(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式是not

doing,被動(dòng)式是being

done,完成式是having

done,完成被動(dòng)式是having

been

done。(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):

sb’s(形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格)+doing,

當(dāng)它不在句首時(shí),

也可以用“人稱代詞的賓格形式或名詞的普通格+doing”代替。Being

kept

waitingisanunpleasantexperience.等別人是一種很不愉快的體驗(yàn)。Your

cominglateagainmadethebossupset.你再次遲到讓老板很不舒服。Doyoumindmy/me/Mike’s/Mikeopeningthewindow?您介意我/邁克打開窗子嗎?注意動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式(having

done)一般不用作句子主語。2.動(dòng)詞不定式做句子主語時(shí)一般表示某一次具體或特定的行動(dòng)或者一個(gè)尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Swimmingisagoodformofbuildingupourbody,butto

swimtomorrowisimpossible,sinceI’mnotavailablethen.游泳是鍛煉身體的好方法,但明天游泳是不可能的,因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)我沒空。3.在很多句型中,常用it做形式主語,不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式做真正主語。Itis/wasnogood/notanygood/nouse/uselessarguingwithhim.跟他爭(zhēng)論是沒有好處/用處的。Itisimpossibleforhimtoarriveherewithintwohours.他不可能兩小時(shí)之內(nèi)趕到這兒。Itisagoodhabittogetupearlyinthemorning.早上早起床是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。提示for

sb

to

do

是動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)?？键c(diǎn)四

非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓語1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式可用作介詞或及物動(dòng)詞的賓語。Youshallnotentertheofficewithoutbeing

permitted.未經(jīng)允許你不能進(jìn)入辦公室。Thebirdwasluckyenoughtoescapebeing

caught.那只鳥很幸運(yùn),沒有被抓住。注意下列動(dòng)詞必須接動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語,

不能接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語:

admit,

advise,

avoid,

allow,

appreciate,

advocate,

consider,

deny,

delay,

enjoy,

escape,

excuse,

finish,

fancy,

forbid,

give

up,

imagine,

insist

on,

keep,

keep

on,

miss,

mind,

oppose,

practise,

permit,

postpone,

put

off,

quit,

risk,

recommend,

suggest,

can’t

stand等。(2)有些句型中用it做形式賓語,動(dòng)詞-ing形式做真正賓語。Ifinditnouse/uselessadvisinghimtotryagain.我發(fā)現(xiàn)建議他再試一次沒有用處。(3)want,need,require后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Theseflowersneed/require/wantwatering(=tobewatered).這些花需要澆了。2.動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語Herefusedto

answermysecondquestion.他拒絕回答我的第二個(gè)問題。考點(diǎn)五

非謂語動(dòng)詞做表語1.分詞做表語:一些形容詞化了的動(dòng)詞-ing形式做表語時(shí),表示主語給別人的感覺,意為

“令人……的”;動(dòng)詞-ed形式做表語時(shí),表示主語自身的感覺,意為“感覺……的”。Herspeechisreallyinspiring.他的講話真是鼓舞人心。I’minterestedinplayingchessontheInternet.我對(duì)在網(wǎng)上下棋感興趣。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式做表語:動(dòng)詞-ing形式做表語時(shí)表示的是經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或者抽象的動(dòng)作。Myhobbyiscollectingstampsinmysparetime.我的愛好是在業(yè)余時(shí)間集郵。3.動(dòng)詞不定式做表語:常表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Mydreamisto

becomeanengineerintheITfield.我的夢(mèng)想是成為一名信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的工程師。考點(diǎn)六

非謂語動(dòng)詞做補(bǔ)足語1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間為主謂關(guān)系,表主動(dòng)含義;動(dòng)詞-ed形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表被動(dòng)含義。I’msorryforhavingkeptyouwaitingoutsideforsolong.我很抱歉讓您在外面等了這么久。Hehurriedtohisoffice,leavingthebreakfastuntouched.他急急忙忙地去了辦公室,放著早飯沒動(dòng)。注意已經(jīng)形容詞化了的動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語,

表示賓語給別人的感受,

其動(dòng)詞-ed形式則表示賓語的自身感覺。Ifindthiskindofgamesencouraging.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這類游戲令人振奮。Wetriedtomake/gethiminterestedinthework.我們盡力使他對(duì)這份工作感興趣。2.動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語Wedon’tallowanyoneto

smokeinthearea.我們不允許任何人在這個(gè)區(qū)域抽煙。注意(1)感官動(dòng)詞listen

to,

hear,

look

at,

see,

observe,

notice,

feel

等后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),

表示

“看到/聽到/感覺到正在干某事”;

接動(dòng)詞-ed形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),

表示被動(dòng)含義,

接省去to的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),

表示動(dòng)作的全過程。Ifeltsomeonepattingmeontheshoulder.我感覺有人在拍我的肩膀。Wewouldliketoseetheplancarriedoutnextmonth.我們希望看到計(jì)劃下個(gè)月執(zhí)行。Henoticethestrangerentertheroomandsitdown.他注意到那個(gè)陌生人進(jìn)了房間并坐了下來。(2)使役動(dòng)詞have后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),表示

“讓……一直干某事”或

“允許/容忍某人干某事”;跟動(dòng)詞-ed做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),表示“使……遭受”“請(qǐng)人干某事”或“使某事被完成”;跟省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),表示“吩咐某人干某事”。Hehadthefireburningthewholenight.他讓火燒了一整夜。Iwon’thaveyoubehavingsobadly.我不會(huì)允許你表現(xiàn)如此惡劣。Weshallhavethetaskfulfilledassoonaspossible.我們將盡快完成任務(wù)。Theoldladyhadfreshmilkdeliveredtoherhouseeverymorning.那位老太太叫人每天早晨把新鮮牛奶送到她家。Iwillhavemysecretaryshowyouaroundourcompany.我讓秘書帶你們參觀我們公司。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練?鞏固提升Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.EnesSahinsuggested

(set)asideadayforplantingtrees.

2.Theresponsestothequestionwerevarious,evensomequitefunnyones

(include).

setting動(dòng)詞suggest后面跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語。

includedeven

some

quite

funny

ones

(include)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),

ones與include之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,

用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)含義。

3.Theinnercircleofbluestones,each

(weigh)about4tons,wasbuiltfirst.

weighingeach

(weigh)

about

4

tons為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),

each與weigh之間為主謂關(guān)系,

故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。

4.Stevenhikedthe50-footdistancebetweenhimandthefridgeandwasshocked

(find)thatitwasfilledwithbeers.tofindto

find...做原因狀語,

解釋引發(fā)shocked這一情緒的具體原因。

5.Withthetemperature

(fall)rapidly,theycouldn’tgoonwiththeexperiment.

falling6.Travellerscanbescannedoncameras

(use)facialrecognition.

此處為“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”

結(jié)構(gòu),空格處與the

temperature為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。

using此處用動(dòng)詞-ing形式做方式狀語。

7.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal

(create)specialdesigns.

tocreate此處用動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語。

8.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely

(bring)yourworkhome.

tobringbe

likely

to

do

sth為固定句型,

意為

“可能干……”。

9.Failing

(turn)inyourhomeworkontimewilldirectlyaffectyourgradeforacertaincourse.

toturnfail

to

do...意為

“未能干成某事”。

10.

(separate)fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsnotfoundinanyothercountry.

Separated/HavingbeenseparatedSeparated或Having

been

separated...做原因狀語,

表示被動(dòng)和完成。

11.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest

(follow)inayear.

12.Heglancedoverather,

(note)thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.

tofollowto

follow表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

noting空格處在句中做伴隨狀語,

表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。

13.

(lose)inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.

Lost空格處在句中做時(shí)間狀語,

表示被動(dòng)和完成。故用動(dòng)詞-ed形式。14.Ithinkyou’llgrow

(like)himwhenyouknowhimbetter.

tolikegrow

to

do...意為

“逐漸開始干某事”。

15.Generally

(speak),themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.

speakinggenerally

speaking為固定搭配,意為

“一般來說”。

16.Hegotw