高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧和訓(xùn)練方法及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

ArobotcreatedbyWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU)scientistscouldhelpelderlypeoplewithdementia(癡呆)andotherlimitationsliveindependentlyintheirownhomes.

TheRobotActivitySupportSystemorRAS,usessensorsinstalledinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities.Itnavigates(定位)throughroomsandaroundobstaclestofindpeopleonitsown,providesvideoinstructionsonhowtodosimpletasksandcanevenleaditsownertoobjectsliketheirmedicationorasnackinthekitchen."RAScombinestheconvenienceofamobilerobotwiththeactivitydetectiontechnologyofaWSUsmarthometoprovideassistanceinthemoment,astheneedforhelpisdetected,"saidBryanMinor,apostdoctoralresearcherintheWSUSchoolofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience.

Currently,anestimated50percentofadultsovertheageof85needassistancewitheverydayactivitiessuchaspreparingmealsandtakingmedicationandtheannualcostforthisassistanceintheUSisnearly$2trillion.Withthenumberofadultsover85expectedtotripleby2050,researchershopethattechnologieslikeRASandtheWSUsmarthomewillrelievesomeofthefinancialstrainonthehealthcaresystembymakingiteasierforolderadultstolivealone.

RASisthefirstrobotresearchershavetriedtoincorporateintotheirsmarthomeenvironment.TheyrecentlypublishedastudyinthejournalCognitiveSystemsResearchthatdemonstrateshowRAScouldmakelifeeasierforolderadultsstrugglingtoliveindependently.

"Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising,"Minorsaid."ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performancewithagroupofolderadultstogetabetterideaofwhatprompts,videoremindersandotherpreferencestheyhaveregardingtherobot."（1）HowdoesRASserveelderlypeople?A.

Throughsensors.

B.

Throughobjects.C.

Throughamobilerobot.

D.

Throughtheirdailyactivities.（2）WhatcanweknowaboutRAS?A.

Itisthefirstrobotusedindailylife.

B.

Itsfunctionremainstobetested.C.

Itcanlocatepeopleanddoanytask.

D.

Itcancookforownersonitsown.（3）What'sMinor'sattitudetowardthefutureofRAS?A.

Doubtful.

B.

Negative.

C.

Optimistic.

D.

Uncertain.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.

Elderlypeopleleavethenursinghome.

B.

SmartHomeTestsfirstelder-Carerobot.C.

RAS,thefirstrobottomakehomesmart.

D.

OlderadultshavebenefitedfromRAS.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一款由美國(guó)華盛頓州立大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們研發(fā)的機(jī)器人，可以幫助那些癡呆或有身體缺陷的老年人在家里過上自立的生活。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)章第二段中的“TheRobotActivitySupportSystem,orRAS,usessensors（傳感器）equippedinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities”可知機(jī)器人活動(dòng)支持系統(tǒng)（RAS）使用WSU智能家居中配備的傳感器（傳感器）來確定其居民在哪里，他們?cè)谧鍪裁匆约昂螘r(shí)需要日?；顒?dòng)的幫助，說明傳感器起到了重大的作用，故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance…”可知，這臺(tái)機(jī)器人的表現(xiàn)還要經(jīng)過進(jìn)一步的測(cè)，說明正在測(cè)試階段，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising”可知，Minor對(duì)這款機(jī)器人的未來發(fā)展充滿信心、非常樂觀，故選C。（4）考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了一款由美國(guó)華盛頓州立大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們研發(fā)的機(jī)器人。再根據(jù)最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance”可知，機(jī)器人目前還在華盛頓州立大學(xué)的智能屋里進(jìn)行測(cè)試，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Expertsnotethatanunhealthylifestylecanputyouatgreatriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.Sodoctorsurgeustoeathealthyfoods,getexercise,stopsmokingandlimitouralcoholintake.Butthereissomethingelseyoucando.Anditisfreeandeasy.Smile!

Dr.Chockalingam,aheartdiseasespecialistinColumbia,adviseshispatientstosmile.Hesaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelpyourheart."Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringchanges.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive."Hesayssmilingisthefirststepinfightingphysicalandemotionalstressanditssometimesharmfuleffectsonhumanhealth.ThisisnotjustNewAgeadvice.Severalstudiessupporthisopinion.

Whenyoufeelstressedorunderpressure,yourbodyreleasesmanynaturalhormones(荷爾蒙)includingadrenalineandcortisol.Adrenalineincreasesyourheartrateandbloodpressure.Cortisolisthebody'smainstresshormone.Itincreasessugarinthebloodstream.Ifyouaretrulyindanger,thesehormonescanhelpyou.Theyarepartofwhatwecallourfight-or-flightresponse.

However,whenwearestressedforalongperiod,thesestresshormonesareever-presentinourbodies.Andthat,medicalresearcherswarn,mayleadtohealthproblems.

Researcherssaytheconnectionbetweenstressandheartdiseaseisstillunclear.However,theyclaimthatwhenpeoplearestressedforlongperiodsoftime,theymayhaveanunhealthylifestyle,whichcanleadtohealthproblems.

Dr.Chockalingamsaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelp.Hetellshispatientstosmile20timesanhour.Tosome,thatmightseemlikealotofsmiling.Orsomemightevenfeelfoolish...smilingforseeminglynoreason.Butasmiledoesnotinvolvedrugs.Itisnotinvasivelikeasurgicaloperation.Itisfreeandithasnobadsideeffects.

"Oncepeoplesmile,theyarerelaxing.Thisrelaxationdirectlylowersbloodpressure,improvessugarlevelsintheblood.Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth."Anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone'shearthealth.（1）WhichofthefollowingagreeswithDr.Chockalingam'sopinion?A.Smilehasthesameeffectsaslaughter.B.Smilecanbeusedtotaketheplaceofmedicine.C.Smileisbetterthananyhealthylifestyletohealth.D.Smilecanmakeourbodyproducebeneficialchemicals.（2）Whatcanweknowaboutthementionedstresshormones?A.Theycanlowerourbloodpressure.B.Theywillsurelyleadtoheartdiseases.C.Theycanbenefituswhenweareindanger.D.Theywillmakeusliveanunhealthylifestyle.（3）WhydoesDr.Chockalingamthinksmilingishelpfultoourhealth?A.Itcanmakeusrelax.B.Itincreasessugarlevels.C.Ithaslittlebadsideeffects.D.Itcanhappenfornoreason.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AThoroughAnalysisoftheCausesofHeartDiseasesB.OneThingYouCanDoRightNowtoHelpYourHeartC.OneThingThatIsCloselyConnectedwithStressHormonesD.TheClearConnectionBetweenUnhealthyLifestylesandHeartDiseases【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，哥倫比亞的心臟病專家Chockalingam博士建議多保持微笑，他認(rèn)為微笑可能是幫助心臟的一種方式。同時(shí)說明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人們感到壓力時(shí)的身體反應(yīng)等情況。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringchanges.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive.”當(dāng)我們微笑時(shí)，大腦的線路會(huì)發(fā)生變化。釋放出的化學(xué)物質(zhì)更積極?？芍珻hockalingam博士認(rèn)為微笑能使我們的身體產(chǎn)生有益的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ifyouaretrulyindanger,thesehormonescanhelpyou.”如果你真的有危險(xiǎn)，這些荷爾蒙會(huì)幫助你?？芍?dāng)我們處于危險(xiǎn)中時(shí)，壓力荷爾蒙可以幫助我們。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth.Anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone'shearthealth.”如果我們微笑，我們就打破了壓力和健康之間的聯(lián)系。而且它可能會(huì)為每個(gè)人的心臟健康提供一點(diǎn)額外的保護(hù)?？芍?，Chockalingam博士認(rèn)為微笑可以使我們放松，從而有利于我們的健康。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“Dr.Chockalingam,aheartdiseasespecialistinColumbia,adviseshispatientstosmile.Hesaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelpyourheart.”哥倫比亞的心臟病專家Chockalingam博士建議他的病人保持微笑。他說，微笑可能是幫助心臟的一種方式。以及結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容主要介紹了微笑能夠讓我們放松進(jìn)而有利于我們的健康，所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

AcallcameintoJimmyGilleece'sbar.Anewlymarriedwoman,whohadspenttheafternoonathisbar,couldn'tfindherwallet.Shedidn'tcareaboutherID,creditcards,or150incash-butherweddingringwasinside.

Gilleece,42,didn'tliketheideathatatheftcouldhaveoccurredathisplace.Sohedeterminedtofindthewallet.Hespenthoursonvideosfromsurveillance(監(jiān)控)cameras,watchingthewoman'severystepinthebar.Withinminutes,ayoungmanapproachedthebar,putsomethinginhispocket,andwalkedoff.

Gilleecepostedaclip(視頻片段)onthebar'sFacebookpagetofindoutwhotheyoungmanwas.Withinhours,Gilleecegotatextfrom17-year-oldRiversPrather,whosaidhe'ddoneitbecausehehadn'teatenintwodays.Hesaidhesawtheringbutthoughtitwasfake,sohetookthemoneyandthrewthewalletintotheocean.Thenheboughtasandwich.

Gilleecetoldtheteentomeethimatthedocks(碼頭).TheretheytalkedalotandGilleeceknewthatPratherwasfromapoorfamily.Seeingtheteenager'ssmallbuild,Gilleecethoughthewasmoreofakidthanacriminal.However,becauseofthemissingring,Prathercouldbeputintoprison.

Gilleecedecidedtohelpthekid.Hehiredtwolocaldiverstosearchthewaterswherethewallethadbeenthrown.Morethananhourpassed,withnosignofthering.Gilleecegrewworried.Andthenadiverpoppedup.Inhishandwasthewallet,andinsidewasthering.WhenGilleececalledthewallet'sowner,sheburstintotearsandimmediatelydroppedthechargeagainstPratherforstealingthering.（1）Whatdidthewomanvaluemostinherwallet?A.HerID.B.Hercreditcards.C.Hermoney.D.Herweddingring.（2）WhatdidPratherdoaftergettingthewallet?A.Hekeptthering.B.Hespentthemoneyinit.C.Hethrewitinadustbin.D.Hereturnedittotheowner.（3）WhydidGilleecehelpPrather?A.Toteachthechildalesson.B.Tomeetthecustomer'sdemand.C.Tosavetheforgivablechild.D.Towinbackthereputationofhisbar.（4）WhatwouldhappentoPrathernext?A.Hewouldbesenttoprison.B.Hewouldnotbeaccusedbythewoman.C.HewouldgetajobinGilleece'sbar.D.Hewouldliveabetterlifeeverafter.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，JimmyGilleece的酒吧中一位女士丟失了錢包，錢包里有她最珍視的結(jié)婚戒指。JimmyGilleece找到了撿到錢包的年輕人RiversPrather，但是RiversPrather拿了錢包里的錢將錢包丟進(jìn)了海里。Gilleece覺得Prather只是個(gè)孩子，于是決定幫助他，最終找到了戒指，Prather也被撤銷了指控。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Shedidn'tcareaboutherID,creditcards,or150incash-butherweddingringwasinside.”她不在乎她的身份證、信用卡或150美元現(xiàn)金——但她的結(jié)婚戒指在里面，可知那位婦女最珍視錢包里的結(jié)婚戒指。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hesaidhesawtheringbutthoughtitwasfake,sohetookthemoneyandthrewthewalletintotheocean.”他說他看到了戒指，但認(rèn)為是假的，所以他拿了錢，把錢包扔進(jìn)了大海，可知Prather得到錢包后，他把里面的錢花了。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Seeingtheteenager'ssmallbuild,Gilleecethoughthewasmoreofakidthanacriminal.However,becauseofthemissingring,Prathercouldbeputintoprison.”看到這個(gè)少年的小個(gè)子，Gilleece覺得他更像個(gè)孩子，而不是罪犯。然而，因?yàn)閬G失戒指，Prather可能會(huì)被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄，可知Gilleece幫助Prather是因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為Prather是個(gè)可原諒的孩子。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“WhenGilleececalledthewallet'sowner,sheburstintotearsandimmediatelydroppedthechargeagainstPratherforstealingthering.”當(dāng)Gilleece打電話給錢包的主人時(shí)，她哭了起來，并立即撤銷了對(duì)Prather偷戒指的指控)可知接下來Prather不會(huì)被那個(gè)女人指控。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Sleep,consideredaluxurybymany,isessentialforaperson'swellbeing.Researchershavefoundthatinsufficientsleepincreasesaperson'sriskofdevelopingseveremedicalconditions,suchasobesity,diabetes,andcardiovasculardiseases.Now,anewstudybyBoston'sMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasfoundthatgettingsufficientsleepisalsothekeytoimprovingacademicperformance.

JeffreyGrossman,wholedtheresearch,wasnottryingtofindthelinkbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutFitbitstothe100studentsinhisintroductiontoSolid-StateChemistryclass.Instead,theprofessorofComputationalMaterialsSciencehopedthepopularwrist-worndevicewhich,tracksaperson'sactivity24/7,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenphysicalexerciseandacademicachievement.

However,thestudy,publishedinthejournal“ScienceLearning”onOctober1,2019,discoveredasurprisinginsight.Thenwasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandhis/hergradeonthe11quizzes,threemidterms,andthefinalexamadministeredduringthesemester.

Evenmoreinteresting,itwasalsonotsufficientforstudentstojustheadtobedearlythenightbeforeatest.Instead,it'sthesleepyougetduringthedayswhenlearningishappeningthatmattersmost.

Thetimestudentswenttobedeachnightwassimilarlyimportant.Thosewhowenttobedintheearlyhoursofthemorningperformedpoorly,evenifthetotalsleeptimewasthesameasahigher-performingstudent.“Whenyougotobedmatters.Grossmansays.Ifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.So,quantityisn'teverything.”（1）Whatisthenewfindingaboutsleep?A.It'sessentialforaperson'shealth.B.Sleepinglessmaycauseobesity.C.Sleepingtoomuchisdangerous.D.Amplesleepleadstobettergrades.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"Fitbits"inparagraph2referto?A.Wearabledevices.B.Questionnaires.C.Fitnessequipment.D.Smartphones.（3）Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefinalresultthenewstudy?A.Doubtful.B.Predictable.C.Disappointing.D.Unexpected.（4）Whatwillbenefitstudents'studyaccordingtoGrossman?A.Sleepingfor5hourseachday.B.Headingtobedat3a.meveryday.C.Gettingenoughsleepwhilelearning.D.Goingtobedearlyonlybeforeatest.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項(xiàng)新研究表明，睡眠質(zhì)量不足除了對(duì)身體健康造成不良影響之外，也會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)產(chǎn)生影響。好的睡眠質(zhì)量是提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)的關(guān)鍵。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Now,anewstudybyBoston'sMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasfoundthatgettingsufficientsleepisalsothekeytoimprovingacademicperformance.”現(xiàn)在，波士頓麻省理工學(xué)院的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，充足的睡眠也是提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)的關(guān)鍵，可知關(guān)于睡眠的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是充足的睡眠會(huì)帶來更好的成績(jī)。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“Instead,theprofessorofComputationalMaterialsSciencehopedthepopularwrist-worndevicewhichtracksaperson'sactivity24/7,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenphysicalexerciseandacademicachievement.”可知相反，這位計(jì)算材料科學(xué)的教授希望這個(gè)流行的腕帶設(shè)備能夠顯示出體育鍛煉和學(xué)術(shù)成就之間的聯(lián)系。可知Fitbits指的是一種可以穿戴的設(shè)備。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“However,thestudy,publishedinthejournal“ScienceLearning”onOctober1,2019,discoveredasurprisinginsight.”然而，發(fā)表在2019年10月1日《科學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)》雜志上的這項(xiàng)研究卻有一個(gè)驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)，其中surprising“令人驚奇的”可推知這項(xiàng)新研究的最終結(jié)果是讓人意想不到的。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Instead,it'sthesleepyougetduringthedayswhenlearningishappeningthatmattersmost.”相反，最重要的是你在學(xué)習(xí)期間的睡眠；以及最后一段中的“Whenyougotobedmatters.Grossmansays.Ifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.So,quantityisn'teverything.”什么時(shí)候睡覺很重要。Grossman說。如果你在2點(diǎn)以后睡覺，即使你睡了7個(gè)小時(shí)，你的表現(xiàn)也會(huì)開始下降。所以，數(shù)量并不是一切，可知Grossman認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)睡眠充足將有利于學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。

5．閱讀理解

Eleven-year-oldRubyKateChitseylovesaskingthequestion"Ifyoucouldhaveanythreethings,whatwouldyouwant?"atnursinghomesinHarrison.Evenmoreamazing,shethensetsouttomaketheresidentswholiveinthenursinghomerealizetheirdreams.

LastMay,RubyKatenoticedaresidentnamedPearlstaringoutawindow.Sheseemedsad."Whatareyoulookingat?"RubyKateasked.Pearlsaidherdogwasledawaybyhisnewownerbecauseshecouldn'taffordtoraiseit.RubyKateandhermother,Amanda,askedaroundanddiscoveredthatmanynursinghomeresidentsareunabletoaffordeventhesmallestluxuries.SoRubyKatedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.

Shestartedbyaskingresidentswhatthreethingstheywantedmostintheworld.Amandaworriedthatpeoplewouldaskforcarsandotherthingsan11-year-oldwouldn'tbeabletoprovide.Instead,theyaskedforchocolatebars,McDonaldfries,pantsthatftproperlyandevenjustprayer.Usingheirownmoney,theChitseysgrantedthewishesofabout100peopleinthreemonths.Thentheystartedaskingfordonations.

ThegoodpeopleofHarrisonrespondedenthusiastically,somuchsohatAmandasetupaGoFundMepage,ThreeWishesforRuby'sResidents,hopingtocollect%5,000.Theyhittheirgoalinamonth.AfterGoFundMenamedRubyKateaKidHeroandpromotedherstoryinternationallythispastJanuary,ThreeWishesraised$20,000in24hoursandmorethan$250,000infivemonths.

Earlierthisyear,ThreeWishesforRuby'sResidentsbecameanonprofitandlauncheditsfirstnationwidechapters.RubyKatedoesn'tplantostopthere."Iconsiderkindnesstobemyhobby,"shesays,"andI'mverygoodatit."（1）WhatinspiredRubyKatetohelpresidentsatnursinghomes?A.Pearl'ssadnessformissingherdog.B.Thekindnessofresidentsatnursinghomes.C.Manynursinghomeresidents'lackofluxuries.D.Herexperienceofworkinginanursinghome.（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.ThreeWisheshassetupitsworldwidebranches.B.TheChitseyshelpedsatisfytheresidents'wishes.C.ThenursinghomeintroducedRuby'sstoryaroundtheworld.D.TheChitseysarewealthyenoughtoaffordallresidents'wishes.（3）WhatdothenumberslistedinParagraph4indicate?A.Peopleweresupportive.B.RubyKatewasgenerous.C.Raisingmoneywasquiteeasy.D.Theprogrammewasprofitable.（4）WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRubyKate?A.Proudandenthusiastic.B.Creativeandimaginative.C.Warm-heartedandselfless.D.Ambitiousandmodest.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了魯比?凱特幫助養(yǎng)老院的居民實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的愿望，得到了許多同樣好心的人的支持的故事。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)二段中的“Amanda,askedaroundanddiscoveredthatmanynursinghomeresidentsareunabletoaffordeventhesmallestluxuries.SoRubyKatedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.”可知阿曼達(dá)四處打聽，發(fā)現(xiàn)許多養(yǎng)老院的居民連最小的奢侈品都買不起，于是露比?凱特決定做點(diǎn)什么。即許多療養(yǎng)院居民缺乏奢侈品激發(fā)了魯比?凱特幫助療養(yǎng)院的居民。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Usingheirownmoney,theChitseysgrantedthewishesofabout100peopleinthreemonths.”用他們自己的錢，奇西夫婦在三個(gè)月內(nèi)答應(yīng)了大約100人的愿望?？芍嫖鞣驄D幫助滿足了居民的愿望。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“AfterGoFundMenamedRubyKateaKidHeroandpromotedherstoryinternationallythispastJanuary,ThreeWishesraised﹩20,000in24hoursandmorethan﹩250,000infivemonths.”可知在GoFundMe將魯比?凱特命名為“兒童英雄“之后，今年1月，她在國(guó)際上推廣了她的故事，三個(gè)愿望在24小時(shí)內(nèi)籌集了20000美元，在五個(gè)月內(nèi)籌集了超過250000美元。從這些數(shù)據(jù)可以看出人們都很支持。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Iconsiderkindnesstobemyhobby,’shesays,‘a(chǎn)ndI'mverygoodatit.’”可知我把善良當(dāng)成我的愛好，她說，而且我很在行。由此判斷出魯比?凱特是熱心且無私的。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Yearsago,studentsapplyingtocollegesanduniversitieshadtohavetheirapplicationsandpersonalessaysprintedoutandthen“snail-mailed”.Flashforwardtotoday'sworldofFacebook,InstagramandWeChat,wherephotos,videosandmobilephonesrule.Fortunately,severalnewtoolsaremakingiteasierforcollegeapplicantstousetechnologytoshowofftheirpersonalities,skillsandcreativity.

ZEEMEE

OneofthemorepopularinnovationsincollegeapplicationsisZeeMee,afreemobileappthatallowsstudentstouploadpersonalprofilesandvideostocreatevisualresumes.Morethan220collegesanduniversitiesofferaZeeMeeoptionaspartoftheapplicationprocess.Thevideocanshowtheuniquecreativeaspectsoftheapplicants.THECOALITIONLOCKER

AnotherrelativelynewtoolcomesfromtheCoalitionforAccess,AffordabilityandSuccess,nowusedbymorethan110membercollegesanduniversities.Amongthegroup'sstatedgoalsaregettingstudentsengagedincollegeprepearlyandusingtechnologytocreateasupportiveapplicationprocessthatencouragesreflectionandself-discovery.

Studentswhosignupforthefreeplatformgetaccesstoadigital“l(fā)ocker”,whichtheycanuseallthroughhighschooltosaveclasspapers,artwork,newspaperstories,videosandphotostosharewithcollegeswhentheyeventuallyapply.

VIDEO—CHATINTERVIEWS

Atsomeschools,aninterviewwithanadmissionofficerisanimportantpartoftheapplicationprocess.Tomakeiteasier,severalvirtualinterviewingtoolshavepoppedup,suchasavideo-basedplatformfromKira.Morethan140universitiesworldwideuseKira'svideoassessmenttooltoconductreal-timeinterviewswithprospectivestudents.Duringtheinterview,candidatesareshownthequestionsprerecordedbytheparticularschoolandmustrespondinrealtimebytalkingintothecameraontheirlaptoporphone.Inadditiontoshowingtheirability,tospeakfluentlyinEnglishandthinkontheirfeet,ithelpsadmissionofficersdeterminethe“motivation,commitmentanddrive”ofapplicants.

UNIQUESCHOOLTOOLS

Someuniversitieshavecomeupwiththeirownwaystoallowstudentstoshowtheirskillsandpersonalities.Forexample,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,encouragesapplicantstodisplaytheirtechnicalabilitiesandcreativitybysubmittinga“MakerPortfolio”—awrittenorvideotapeddescriptionofaprojectthatshowscreativeandproblem-solvingskills.Whileanewappwouldfitthebill,theprojectcouldbeanythingfromanorigamidesigntoapotatocannon.（1）Whichoftheappsgivestudentsmoreguidancefromtheirhighschool?A.

ZEEMEE.

B.

THECOALITIONLOCKER.C.

VIDEO—CHATINTERVIEWS.

D.

UNIQUESCHOOLTOOLS.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefourthpartofthepassagereferto?A.

Thevideointerview.

B.

Thedescription.

C.

Theapplication.

D.

Thestudent'sability.（3）Whatisthecommonfeaturerequiredbycollegesanduniversitiesaccordingtothepassage?A.

Creativity.

B.

Braveness.

C.

Willingnesstoshare.

D.

Technicalability.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，在今天的Facebook、Instagram和微信的世界里，照片、視頻和手機(jī)盛行的同時(shí)，一些新工具讓大學(xué)申請(qǐng)者更容易使用技術(shù)來展示他們的個(gè)性、技能和創(chuàng)造力。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)THECOALITIONLOCKER部分中的“Studentswhosignupforthefreeplatformgetaccesstoadigital‘locker’,whichtheycanuseallthroughhighschooltosaveclasspapers,artwork,newspaperstories,videosandphotostosharewithcollegeswhentheyeventuallyapply.”可知，THECOALITIONLOCKER.能讓學(xué)生從高中獲得更多的指導(dǎo)。故選B。(2)考查代詞指代。根據(jù)VIDEO—CHATINTERVIEWS部分中的“Atsomeschools,aninterviewwithanadmissionofficerisanimportantpartoftheapplicationprocess.”在一些學(xué)校，對(duì)招生人員的面試是申請(qǐng)過程的重要組成部分；以及“Inadditiontoshowingtheirability,tospeakfluentlyinEnglishandthinkontheirfeet,ithelpsadmissionofficersdeterminethe‘motivation,commitmentanddrive’ofapplicants.“除了展示他們的能力，為了流利地說英語(yǔ)和快速反應(yīng)，它還能幫助招生人員決定申請(qǐng)者的“動(dòng)機(jī)、承諾和動(dòng)力”。由此可知it指的是“theapplication”，故選C。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Fortunately,severalnewtoolsaremakingiteasierforcollegeapplicantstousetechnologytoshowofftheirpersonalities,skillsandcreativity.”可知，根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，創(chuàng)造力是學(xué)院和大學(xué)的共同特征。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和代詞指代兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

YoumaythinkthatthestoryofPygmalion(《賣花女》,1913)inwhichpeoplearejudgedbythewaytheytalkissomethingthatonlyexistedinthedaysofBritishhighsociety.Butthankstoetiquette(禮儀)expertandauthorWilliamHanson,werealizethatlittlehaschangedduringthepast100years.

InaBBCradioprogram,HansonreleasedalistofcommonwordsusedinBritishEnglishthatcouldrevealwhetherapersonis"common"or"fashionable".

Andyetherecomestheinterestingpart:Whilesomeofusmightgothroughlifeusingfancywords,dressinginwaysthatmakeusappearmorewell-offthanwereallyare,therearewealthypeopleintheworldwhotrytohidetheirrichesbecausetheywanttobeseenas"normal"insteadof"showy".

Beatrice,forexample,isaNewYorkerwhoinherited(繼承)millionsofdollars.ShetoldTheNewYorkTimesthatshehasahabitofremovingthepricetags(價(jià)簽)fromherclothessoherhousestaffdon'tseethemandfeeluncomfortable.

"Wedon'twantthat'Wow'."saidScott,alsoaNewYorker,whohadjustinheritedover$50million."We'rejustnotthetypeofpeoplewhowearitonoursleeve."（1）WhatdoesWilliamHansonfind?A.

Peoplefailedtojudgeothers'manner.

B.

Peoplejudgeothersbytheirwayoftalking.C.

Peopletendtousemorepolitewords.

D.

Peoplemeetimpolitepersonsfrequently.（2）Whatdorichpeopleprefertodo?A.

Tohidetheirriches.

B.

Toearnmoremoney.C.

Tothinkhighlyoftheirwealth.

D.

Tojudgeothersbytheirwealth.（3）WhydidBeatriceremovethepricetagsonherclothes?A.

Toshowoffherfashionsense.

B.

Tochangepeople'sattitudetorichpeople.C.

Topretendtobenormal.

D.

Toavoidmakingpeoplearoundheruncomfortable.（4）Whatdoes"it"inthelastsentencemean?A.

Thepricetag.

B.

Thebrandlabel.C.

Theinheritancecontract.

D.

TheTimesmagazine.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，揭示如今人們依然會(huì)從你的說話用詞上來判斷你是“普通的”還是“時(shí)髦的”。（1考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butthankstoetiquette(禮儀)expertandauthorWilliamHanson,werealizethatlittlehaschangedduringthepast100years.”可知，WilliamHanson認(rèn)為我們現(xiàn)在仍舊如同以前一樣通過人們講話的方式來判斷一個(gè)人。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“…therearewealthypeopleintheworldwhotrytohidetheirrichesbecausetheywanttobeseenas'normal'insteadof'showy'”可知，富人更喜歡隱藏起他們的財(cái)富。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ShetoldTheNewYorkTimesthatshehasahabitofremovingthepricetags(價(jià)簽)fromherclothessoherhousestaffdon'tseethemandfeeluncomfortable.”可知，Beatrice除掉衣服上的價(jià)格標(biāo)簽是為了避免讓她周圍的人感到不舒服。故選D。（4）考查代詞指代。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，Beatrice除掉衣服上的價(jià)格標(biāo)簽是為了避免讓她周圍的人感到不舒服。因此推斷Scott說：我們不想要那些“Wow”，我們不是那種袖子上戴著商標(biāo)的人。此處的“we”指的是Beatrice和Scott，故it指的是價(jià)格標(biāo)簽。故案選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和代詞指代兩個(gè)題型的考查，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

BikeShareTorontoisthecity'sofficialbikeshareprogram,designedtogivelocalsandvisitorsafun,affordableandconvenientalternativetowalking,taxis,busesandthesubway.Thereare200BikeShareTorontostationsand2,000bikesacrossthecity,makingBikeSharethemostaccessiblewaytogetaroundandexplore.

Howitworks

BecomeanAnnualMemberorbuyadayPasstoaccessthesystem.

Findanavailablebikenearby,andgetaridecodeoruseyourmemberkeytounlockit.

Takeasmanyshortridesasyouwantwhileyourpassormembershipisactive.

Returnyourbiketoanystation,andwaitforthegreenlightonthedock(?？奎c(diǎn))tomakesureit'slocked.

Chooseaplan

Forvisitors

DayPass:$7.Unlimited30-minuteridesina24-hourperiod.

3-DayPass:$