2025年托福閱讀理解高分策略與模擬試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷Passage1Therelationshipbetweenhumansocietiesandtheirenvironmentshasbeenacentralconcernofgeographersforcenturies.Earlyexplorersandsettlersoftenfocusedonunderstandingthephysicallandscapeanditssuitabilityforagriculture,settlement,andresourceextraction.Ashumanpopulationsgrewandindustrialized,thefocusshiftedtowardshowhumanactivitiescouldmodifytheenvironmenttobettersuittheirneeds.Thisperiodsawsignificantchangesinlanduse,asforestswereclearedforfarmlandandcitiesexpandedrapidly,oftenwithlittleregardforenvironmentalconsequences.The20thcenturybroughtagrowingawarenessofthelimitationsoftheenvironmentandthepotentialforhumanactivitiestocausesignificantharm.Issuessuchaspollution,deforestation,andclimatechangebecamemajortopicsofdiscussion,leadingtothedevelopmentofenvironmentalscienceandtheconceptofsustainabledevelopment.Today,geographerscontinuetostudythecomplexinteractionsbetweenhumansocietiesandtheirenvironments,seekingwaystocreatemoreharmoniousandsustainablerelationships.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatwastheprimaryfocusofearlyexplorersandsettlersregardingtheenvironment?3.Whatsignificantchangeinlanduseoccurredduringtheperiodofindustrialization?4.Whatmajorenvironmentalissuesemergedasaconcernduringthe20thcentury?5.Whatdogeographershopetoachievebystudyingtherelationshipbetweenhumansocietiesandtheirenvironments?Passage2Thehumanbrainisaremarkablycomplexorgan,responsibleforcontrollingvirtuallyeveryfunctionofthebodyandenablingcognitiveprocessessuchasthought,memory,andemotion.Neurons,thebasicfunctionalunitsofthebrain,communicatewitheachotherthroughspecializedjunctionscalledsynapses.Whenanelectricalsignal,oractionpotential,travelsdownaneuron,ittriggersthereleaseofchemicalmessengersknownasneurotransmitters.Theseneurotransmitterscrossthesynapticgapandbindtoreceptorsonthereceivingneuron,potentiallyinitiatinganewelectricalsignal.Thebrainisdividedintoseveralmajorregions,eachwithspecificfunctions.Thecerebrum,thelargestpart,isresponsibleforhigher-levelfunctionssuchasreasoning,language,andsensoryprocessing.Thecerebellum,locatedbelowthecerebrum,coordinatesmovementandbalance.Thebrainstem,atthebaseofthebrain,controlsbasiclifefunctionslikebreathingandheartrate.Despitedecadesofresearch,muchaboutthebrainremainsmysterious,andscientistscontinuetoexploreitsintricateworkingstobetterunderstandneurologicaldisordersandenhancehumanpotential.6.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofneuronsinthebrain?7.Howdoneuronscommunicatewitheachother?8.Whatarethemainfunctionsofthecerebrum?9.Whatroledoesthecerebellumplayinbrainfunction?10.Accordingtothepassage,whatremainsamysteryaboutthebrain?Passage3Biodiversity,thevarietyoflifeonEarth,isessentialforthehealthandfunctioningofecosystems.Itincludesthediversityofspecies,geneticdiversitywithinspecies,andthevarietyofecosystemsthemselves.Highbiodiversitygenerallyleadstomorestableandresilientecosystems,asitallowsforgreateradaptationtoenvironmentalchangesandreducestheriskofspeciescollapse.Humanactivities,however,poseasignificantthreattoglobalbiodiversity.Habitatdestruction,primarilythroughdeforestationandurbanization,istheleadingcauseofspeciesextinction.Climatechange,drivenbyhuman-generatedgreenhousegasemissions,isalteringhabitatsanddisruptingthetimingofbiologicalevents,suchasmigrationandflowering.Invasivespecies,oftenintroducedbyhumanactivity,canoutcompetenativespeciesanddamageecosystembalance.Conservationeffortsarecriticaltomitigatingthesethreats.Theseeffortsincludeestablishingprotectedareas,implementingsustainableland-usepractices,controllinginvasivespecies,andaddressingtherootcausesofclimatechange.Protectingbiodiversityisnotonlyanenvironmentalimperativebutalsocrucialforhumanwell-being,asmanyhumansocietiesrelyonecosystemsforfood,medicine,andotheressentialresources.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarythreattoglobalbiodiversity?13.Whatimpactdoesclimatechangehaveonecosystems?14.Howcaninvasivespeciesdamageecosystembalance?15.Whataresomekeyconservationeffortsmentionedinthepassage?Passage4Thedevelopmentofagriculturewasoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinhumanhistory,markingthetransitionfromnomadichuntingandgatheringsocietiestosettledcommunities.Thisshift,knownastheNeolithicRevolution,beganapproximately10,000yearsagoinseveralregionsaroundtheworld.Theexactreasonsforthedevelopmentofagriculturearecomplexandlikelyinvolveacombinationofenvironmentalchanges,suchastheendofthelastIceAge,andhumandecisionstocultivateplantsanddomesticateanimals.Agricultureallowedfortheproductionofsurplusfood,whichsupportedlargerpopulationsandthedevelopmentofnewsocialstructures.Italsoledtotheriseofcities,trade,andeventually,civilizations.However,agriculturealsohadsignificantenvironmentalconsequences.Deforestationforfarmlandandtheintensivecultivationoflandledtosoildepletionanderosion.Thedomesticationofanimalsrequiredextensivegrazinglands,furtherimpactingthelandscape.Whileagriculturehasbeencrucialforhumanprogress,itisimportanttoconsideritsenvironmentalimpactsandstriveformoresustainableagriculturalpractices.16.WhatwastheNeolithicRevolution?17.Whataresomepossiblereasonsforthedevelopmentofagriculture?18.Whatweresomeofthesocialconsequencesofthedevelopmentofagriculture?19.Whatenvironmentalconsequencesdidagriculturehave?20.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeyconsiderationformodernagriculture?試卷答案1.Thepassagediscussesthechangingrelationshipbetweenhumansocietiesandtheirenvironmentsthroughouthistoryandtheongoingefforttocreatemoresustainableinteractions.2.Earlyexplorersandsettlersprimarilyfocusedonunderstandingthephysicallandscapeforitssuitabilityforagriculture,settlement,andresourceextraction.3.Duringtheperiodofindustrialization,significantlandusechangesincludedclearingforestsforfarmlandandrapidexpansionofcities.4.Majorenvironmentalissuesthatemergedduringthe20thcenturyincludedpollution,deforestation,andclimatechange.5.Geographershopetoachieveamoreharmoniousandsustainablerelationshipbetweenhumansocietiesandtheirenvironmentsbystudyingtheircomplexinteractions.6.Theprimaryfunctionofneuronsinthebrainistocommunicatewitheachothertocontrolbodyfunctionsandenablecognitiveprocesses.7.Neuronscommunicatewitheachotherthroughsynapsesbyreleasingneurotransmittersthatcrossthesynapticgapandbindtoreceptorsonthereceivingneuron.8.Themainfunctionsofthecerebrumincludereasoning,language,andsensoryprocessing.9.Thecerebellumcoordinatesmovementandbalanceinbrainfunction.10.Accordingtothepassage,muchaboutthebrainremainsmysterious,andscientistscontinuetoexploreitsintricateworkings.11.Thepassagediscussestheimportanceofbiodiversityforecosystemhealthandthesignificantthreatstobiodiversityposedbyhumanactivities.12.Accordingtothepassage,theprimarythreattoglobalbiodiversityishabitatdestruction,primarilythroughdeforestationandurbanization.13.Climatechangealtershabitatsanddisruptsthetimingofbiologicalevents,suchasmigrationandflowering.14.Invasivespeciescanoutcompetenativespeciesanddamageecosystembalancebydisruptingthenaturalinteractionswithintheecosystem.15.Somekeyconservationeffortsmentionedinthepassageincludeestablishingprotectedareas,implementingsustainableland-usepracti