PAGE1銜接點09動名詞（初高銜接點及差異）初中階段高中階段掌握動名詞可以作為句子的主語或賓語。掌握一些動詞跟動名詞作為賓語的固定搭配。高中階段的不僅能夠正確使用動名詞，還需掌握動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、動名詞的被動形式及完成形式。銜接指引初中階段考查形式：側(cè)重于語法知識的識記和簡單運用，多以單句填空、選擇題等基礎(chǔ)形式考查語法知識。高中階段考查形式：注重語法知識的靈活運用和理解，更多地在語篇語法填空中綜合運用語法知識?！境踔袆用~考點聚焦】形式：動詞不定式基本形式“doing”構(gòu)成。功能：掌握動名詞可以作為句子的主語或賓語及固定搭配。1．Topreventmyopia(近視),youshouldavoid________toomuchtimelookingatscreens.A．spend B．spends C．spent D．spending【答案】D【詳解】句意：為了預(yù)防近視，你應(yīng)該避免花太多時間盯著屏幕看。考查非謂語動詞。avoiddoingsth.“避免做某事”，動名詞作賓語。故選D。2．LiPingislookingforwardto________hisgrandparentsthiswinterholidayA．visit B．visits C．visiting D．visited【答案】C【詳解】句意：李平期待著這個寒假去看望他的祖父母。考查非謂語動詞?！發(fā)ookforwardto”是固定搭配，意為“期待”，其中“to”是介詞，其后要接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。所以這里要用“visiting”。故選C。3．Ican’timagine________inacitywithoutpublictransportation.A．live B．lived C．tolive D．living【答案】D【詳解】句意：我無法想象在沒有公共交通的城市生活?？疾榉侵^語動詞。imaginedoingsth“想象做某事”，空處用動名詞形式。故選D。4．________byhisteachermadehimextremelyoverjoyed.A．Praised B．Beingpraised C．Bepraised D．Praising【答案】B【詳解】句意：被老師表揚讓他非常開心?？疾閯釉~非謂語形式。Praised過去分詞；Beingpraised動名詞被動形式；Bepraised被動形式；Praising動名詞主動形式。根據(jù)句意可知，此處“praise”與“he”之間是被動關(guān)系，故用動名詞的被動語態(tài)做主語故使用Beingpraised。故選B。5．________canprovidearelaxingfeelingforbothbodyandmind,especiallyforthepeoplewholiveinthecities.A．Fish B．Fishes C．Fished D．Fishing【答案】D【詳解】句意：釣魚能為身心帶來一種放松的感覺，尤其對于生活在城市中的人們來說。考查動名詞用法。Fish釣魚，動詞原形；Fishes釣魚，動詞三單形式；Fished釣魚，動詞過去式；Fishing釣魚，動名詞。根據(jù)“providearelaxingfeelingforbothbodyandmind”可知是指釣魚這個活動能為人帶來放松的感覺，選項D的“Fishing”是動名詞，可以表示“釣魚”這個活動。故選D。6．Whynot_______ourpoemclubtopractise_______poem?A．join;reading B．tojoin;readingC．takepartin;toread D．tojoin;toread【答案】A【詳解】句意：為什么不加入我們的詩歌俱樂部練習(xí)讀詩歌呢？本題考查非謂語動詞。join加入某種組織，takepartin參加活動，reading是動名詞；toread是動詞不定式。Whynotdosth?“為什么不做某事呢？”因此第一空用動詞原形，表示加入俱樂部，用join。practisedoingsth“練習(xí)做某事”，因此第二空用動名詞reading。故選A。7．Canyoumakea______listforthethingsyouaregoingtobuy?A．shop B．shopped C．shopping【答案】C【詳解】句意：你能為你要買的東西列一個購物清單嗎？考查非謂語動詞?？仗幮枰獎用~作定語，shoppinglist“購物清單”，故選C。8．Mybrotherwantstotakepartina________competition.A．speak B．spoke C．spoken D．speaking【答案】D【詳解】句意：我弟弟想?yún)⒓右淮窝葜v比賽?？疾榉侵^語動詞。speak說，講，動詞原形；spoke過去式；spoken過去分詞；speaking現(xiàn)在分詞，動名詞。speakingcompetition意為“演講比賽”，符合句意。故選D。9．—HowIregret_______whenmyfathertoldmenottoplaycomputergames.—Youshouldsaysorrytohim.A．talkedback B．talkingback C．totalkback D．totalkingback【答案】B【詳解】句意：——當(dāng)我的父親告訴我不要玩電腦游戲時，我很后悔我頂嘴了！——你應(yīng)該跟他道歉。考查非謂語動詞。regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事（事情已做）；regrettodosth.后悔要做某事（事情未做）。根據(jù)“…whenmyfathertoldmenottoplaycomputergames.”可知，和父親頂嘴吵架的事已經(jīng)做過了，regret后跟動名詞作賓語，故選B。10．Tom’ssecondjobwas________thecows.A．milk B．milking C．milks D．tomilk【答案】B【詳解】句意：Tom的第二份工作是擠牛奶。考查非謂語動詞。milk作動詞，意為“擠奶”，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，系動詞was后作表語，表示Tom的工作是什么，應(yīng)用動名詞milking，milkingthecows“擠牛奶”。故選B?！靖咧袆用~考點聚焦】課標(biāo)解讀動名詞是非謂語動詞，它由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成。有的動詞-ing形式在句中起名詞的作用，有的則起形容詞或者副詞的作用，所以在句子中可以做定語動詞-ing形式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)詳見下表（以write為例）：時態(tài)語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式writing（動詞原形+ing）beingwritten（being+過去分詞）完成式havingwritten（having+過去分詞）havingbeenwritten（havingbeen+過去分詞）考點清單動名詞（doing）動名詞屬于非謂語動詞，它具有名詞和動詞的特點，它可以支配賓語，也能被副詞修飾。在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語和定語。此外，它也有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，還有復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。▇成分的充當(dāng)主語賓語表語定語狀語補語不定式√√√√√√動名詞√√√√××分詞××√√√√考點歸納一、動名詞作主語典型用法動名詞作主語時，可以表示某種習(xí)慣，而并非具體的某一次動作。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火是很危險的。（用Playing表示泛指）Toplaywithfireisdangerous.玩火是很危險的。（可能只說明這一次是很危險的）注意：動名詞作主語與動詞不定式作主語的比較：動詞不定式和動名詞都可以用作主語。在意義上相近。但動名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動作，不定式多用來表示特指或具體動作。比較：Smokingisnotgoodforhealth.（泛指，習(xí)慣性的）Itisnotgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.（特指某一次）要點精講1.動名詞直接作主語，如：Seeingisbelieving.百聞不如一見。2.It作形式主語，動名詞作真正主語，用于Itisnouse/goodcomplaining。抱怨無濟(jì)于事。Itisnousecryingoverthesplitmilk.覆水難收。還可以用在therebe句型中，例如：Thereisnodenyingthatcoffeeisnotforeveryone.不容否認(rèn)的是咖啡并不適合每個人。用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：Nosmoking(=Nosmokingisallowed(here)).（禁止吸煙）Noparking.（禁止停車）用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?________(lose)hernewbicycle.2.It’snogood_________(regret)yourpastmistakes.3.__________________(injure)inthelegmadeitimpossibleformetowalkasfastasusual.4.InancientChina,thecurrencyconsistedmainlyofpreciousmetals,suchasgold,silverandcopper,so____________(carry)alargequantityofcashwasnotonlyaheavyburdenbutcouldalsoputtheownerindangerasrobberiesquiteoftenhappenedalongtheway.【答案與解析】1.losing。這是一個一問一答對話，第二句承前省略了madeMarysoupset，應(yīng)用動名詞短語作主語。故填losing。2.regretting。Itisnouse/gooddoingsth。是固定句型，動名詞是真正主語。故答案是regretting。3.Beinginjured。首先語境需要動名詞短語作主語；beinjuredin…是固定詞組。故答案是Beinginjured。4.carrying。句意：在中國古代，貨幣主要由金、銀、銅等貴金屬組成，因此攜帶大量現(xiàn)金不僅是一種沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)，而且還會使所有者處于危險之中，因為途中經(jīng)常發(fā)生搶劫。分析句子結(jié)合句意可知，此處缺少主語，主語為“攜帶大量現(xiàn)金”，應(yīng)用動名詞作主語，故填carrying?？键c歸納二、動名詞作賓語典型用法(1).在以下動詞后只能接動名詞作賓語建議冒險去獻(xiàn)身，忍受期待抵逃跑；

suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devote

oneself

to,resist/tolerate,look

forward

to,

deny,escape

放棄延期悔想像，堅持享受承實踐；

quit/give

up,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy,

admit

,practice

禁止原諒避卷入，考慮感激不自禁；

forbid/ban,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider,

appreciate,can’t

help,can’tstand.允許報告厭介意，承認(rèn)回想含錯過。

permit/allow,

report,

dislike,mind,

acknowledge，recall，include，miss如：IpractiselearningEnglisheveryday.(2).作介詞的賓語通常放在“動詞+介詞”或“形容詞+介詞”的動詞短語或形容詞短語后，常見短語有：lookforwardto（渴望，盼望）beproudof（以……自豪）beresponsiblefor（對……負(fù)責(zé)）insiston（堅持）thinkof（考慮，想到）dreamof（夢想）objectto（反對，抗議）hearof（聽說）prevent…from（防止，阻止）keep…from（防止，阻止）stop…from（防止，阻止）beengagedin（從事于）dependon（依靠，依賴）thank…for（因……而道謝）excuse…for（因……而道歉）aimat（目的在于）devote…to（獻(xiàn)身于）setabout（著手做）be/getusedto（習(xí)慣于）befondof（喜歡）beafraidof（害怕）betiredof（對……厭煩）succeedin（成功地做……）beinterestedin（對……感興趣）可省略介詞接動名詞的短語：havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingThereisnopoint/use(in)doingpend/wastetime(in)doing.(3).作形容詞的賓語Themusiciswellworthlisteningtomorethanonce.這種曲子很值得多聽幾遍。Wearebusypreparingforthecomingsportsmeet.我們正為馬上到來的運動會忙著做準(zhǔn)備。考點歸納三、動名詞作表語典型用法動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。Seeingisbeliving.Myhobbyisswimming.=Swimmingismyhobby.考點歸納四、動名詞作定語典型用法動名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途或功能。swimmingpool=apoolforswimming=apoolwhichisusedforswimming,readingroom=aroomforreading=aroomwhichisusedforreading等diningroom餐廳drinkingwater飲用水readingroom閱覽室sittingroom起居室sleepingcar臥鋪車廂smokingroom吸煙室threshingground打谷場waitingroom候車室walkingstick手杖writingdesk寫字臺【擴展】(1).只能接不定式作賓語的動詞：happen碰巧，offer主動提出，promise答應(yīng)，agree同意，refuse拒絕，decide決定，determine決定、決心，pretend假裝，fail未能夠，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起?？谠E：要想杜絕“忘記”，want,need,refuse,forget決心努力學(xué)習(xí)。decide,determine,try,manage,learn希望主動幫助，hope,wish,expect,long,offer,help答應(yīng)開始擔(dān)起。agreepromise,begin,start,afford(2).接動詞-ing形式作動詞的賓語admit承認(rèn)allow允許appreciate感謝，欣賞avoid避免consider考慮delay耽誤deny否認(rèn)enjoy喜歡escape逃脫excuse原諒forgive原諒imagine想像keep（on）繼續(xù)keep保持mind介意permit允許practise練習(xí)prevent阻擋，阻止putoff推遲resist抵抗risk冒險suggest建議can’thelp（doingsth.）情不自禁Shedoesn’tallowsmokingintheroom.她不允許在這個房間吸煙。Youmusttryyourbesttoavoidmeetinghiminthatstreet.你必須盡量設(shè)法避免在那條街上遇見他。WhenIheardhisvoice,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofmyfather.當(dāng)我聽到他的聲音時，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。I’mconsideringmakingatriptoJapan.我正考慮去日本旅行。Shedeniedmakingamistake.她否認(rèn)犯了一個錯誤。IenjoyreadingnewspaperswhileI’mhavingbreakfast.我喜歡在吃早飯時看報紙。Henarrowlyescapedbeingkilled.他險些喪命。Ican’timaginedoingthatwiththem.我不能想象和他們在一起做那件事。Wouldyoumindmy/mesmokinghere?你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎？Shepractisesplayingthepianoeveryday.她每天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。Isuggestedputtingthemeetingoff.我建議會議延期。Hesuggestedmy/mestayinghere.他建議我呆在這兒。用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______(lose)thegoodopportunity.2.Sometimesstudentspostpone___________(do)theirhomeworkuntilthelastminute.3.Idon'tappreciate_________________(treat)asasecond-classcitizen.4.Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractise_____________(park)thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain.【答案與解析】1.losing。riskdoing表示“冒險做某事”。故答案是losing。2.doing。postponedoing表示“推遲做某事”。故答案是doing。3.beingtreated?？疾榉侵^語動詞。appreciatedoing…表示“感激做某事”，根據(jù)語境這里還是被動意義。故答案是beingtreated。4.parking。practicedoingsth.表示“練習(xí)/實踐做某事”。句意：作為一名新司機，我得反復(fù)練習(xí)把車停在我家的小車庫里。故填parking。(3).接動名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同的動詞：forget，goon，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等stoptodo停下來去做stopdoing停止做forgettodo忘記要做forgetdoing忘記做過remembertodo記得要做rememberdoing記得做過regrettodo遺憾要做regretdoing后悔做過trytodo企圖做，盡力做trydoing試著做goontodo繼續(xù)做（另一件事）goondoing繼續(xù)做（同一件事）meantodo打算做meandoing意味做(4).need,require,want作“需要”講，其后用動名詞的主動式表示被動意義，beworth也有類似用法。如：Theflowersneedwatering/tobewatered.Theproblemisworthdiscussing.用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.“Notthatway,”mymomtried_________(stop)mebutfailed.Shewasright.Itdidn’tturnoutasIhadwished.2.Iremembered_________(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.3.Becauseofmyillness,Ican’thelp_________(do)housework.Seeingmymothertakinggoodcareofme,Ican’thelp________(cry).4.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton_________(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.5.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways__________(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.【答案與解析】1.tostop。trytodo努力做某事；trydoing嘗試做某事。句意：“不是那樣做的，”媽媽試圖阻止我但是沒有攔住。她說對了。結(jié)果這道菜不是我原希望的那個樣子。故答案是tostop。2.tolock。remembertodo表示“記住去做某事”，和后面“忘記去關(guān)燈”呼應(yīng)，故答案是tolock。故答案是tolock。3.(to)do;crying。can’thelp(to)do表示“不能幫助做某事”；can’thelpdoing表示“禁不住做某事”。故答案是(to)do;crying。4.tothank。繼續(xù)做另一件事（對象變了）；goondoing繼續(xù)做正在做的事（對象不變）。根據(jù)語境，AnneBenedict先接受獎項，接著感謝那些幫助過自己的人們，應(yīng)用goontodo。故答案是tothank。5.getting。meantodo表示“打算做某事”，meandoingsth.表示“意味著”；結(jié)合句意“如果你認(rèn)為對一個婦女好就意味著得到她的允許去拿東西，再想一想”，答案是getting。(4).動詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語addto加上beafraidof...為……而害怕beashamedof...為……感到羞恥bebusy(in)doing(sth.)忙于做（某事）beengagedin從事于befondof喜歡begoodat...擅長于……beinterestedin...對……感興趣beproudof...為……感到驕傲besentencedto被宣判besickof...對……感到惡心betriedof...厭煩……be/getusedto習(xí)慣于carryon繼續(xù)，不斷cometo談到contributeto貢獻(xiàn)dependon依靠devote...to把……貢獻(xiàn)給dreamof夢想excuse...for為……而辯解feellike愿意，想giveup放棄hearof聽說，知道havetrouble(in)doing...做……費力insiston堅持keep...from避免keepon繼續(xù)，重復(fù)（做某事）knowof...對……了解leadto導(dǎo)致lookforwardto盼望prevent...from避免……save...from防止，避免setabout...動手去做……stickto堅持stop...from避免……succeedin...在……方面成功thank...for...為……而感謝……thinkof想到spend...(in)doingsth.花……做某事Onhearingthemanager’svoice,heturnedofftheswitchatonce.他一聽見經(jīng)理的聲音，立刻把開關(guān)關(guān)了。Beforeleavingherepleasecallme.離開這兒之前，請給我打電話。Nowtheyarebusy(in)preparingtheirlessons.現(xiàn)在他們正忙于準(zhǔn)備功課?？键c歸納五、時態(tài)和語態(tài)（重點和難點）主動被動一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone1.被動式(beingdone)動名詞的被動形式是being+過去分詞，它表示的動作與它的邏輯主語形成被動關(guān)系。如：Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.However,therearepeoplewhodon’tlikebeingtoldwhatwordstheyhavetouse.Therewasareportofthebridgebeingclimbedbyagroupoftouristsin1998.2.否定式(notdoing)如：Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.Notusingtherightwordswhenwespeakmayoffendsomepeople.NotclimbingtheSydneyHarbourBridgewouldbealifetimeregret.Myjobisnotmanagingtheoffice.1.動名詞的完成式(havingdone)用動名詞的完成式時，強調(diào)它表示的動作在位于所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，而且是主動關(guān)系。如：Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.2.動名詞的完成被動式(havingbeendone)用動名詞的完成式時，強調(diào)它表示的動作在位于所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，但是和主語之間不再是主動關(guān)系，而是被動關(guān)系。如：HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.考點歸納六、動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)帶有邏輯主語的動名詞稱為動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)動名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時，要在動名詞前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構(gòu)成了動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Hercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.他來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。(=Thatshecametohelpencouragedallofus.)Jane’sbeingcarelesscausedsomuchtrouble.簡的粗心惹來了不少麻煩。(=ThatJanewascarelesscausedsomuchtrouble.)What’stroublingthemistheirnothavingenoughfood.煩擾他們的是食物不足。(=What’stroublingthemisthattheydon’thaveenoughfood.)e.g.Hisnotknowingtheforeignculturemakeshimembarrased.Hiscomingmakesmehappy.Ilikehersinging.().Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_________.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught【解析】leadto這個詞組中to是介詞，后面跟名詞，于是B被排除，thethief是動名詞邏輯上的主語，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，與catch之間應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系，故排除A。常見的帶介詞to的短語有：(get)beusedto,lookforwardto，lookupto,stickto,objectto,bedevotedto,payattentionto等。C項正確一、語法填空1．30%ofAmericanteenagersadmit(lie)abouttheiragetogainsuccesstosomewebsites.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】lying【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：30%的美國青少年承認(rèn)為了成功訪問某些網(wǎng)站而謊報他們的年齡。admitdoingsth.“承認(rèn)做某事”，所以空處需要動名詞的形式作賓語。故填lying。2．Inordertoescape(catch),thethiefhidhimselfamongthetrees.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】beingcaught【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了逃避抓捕，小偷藏匿在樹林中。escapedoingsth.固定搭配，意為“逃避做某事”，catch和主語thethief是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動名詞的被動語態(tài)，故填beingcaught。3．Onhearingthejokewecouldn’thelp(laugh).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】laughing【詳解】考查非謂語。句意：聽到這個笑話，我們?nèi)滩蛔⌒α似饋?。分析句子可知，此空考查can’thelpdoingsth表“忍不住做某事”，為固定短語，這里動名詞作賓語。故填laughing。4．Mary,whoisdisabled,isstronglyopposedto(treat)unfairlybyothers.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】beingtreated【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：瑪麗是殘疾人，她強烈反對受到別人的不公平對待。beopposedtodoingsth固定搭配，意為“反對做某事”。主語Mary與treat為被動關(guān)系，用動名詞的被動語態(tài)。故填beingtreated。5．Withthe(raise)ofstandardsofthisschool,moreandmoreparentsaretryingtheirbesttosendtheirchildrentostudyhere.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】raising【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：隨著這所學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提高，越來越多的家長正竭盡全力把孩子送到這里學(xué)習(xí)。本空用raise“提高”的動名詞，作With的賓語。故填raising。6．Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrom(touch).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】beingtouched【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：這包括阻止原始環(huán)境被接觸。設(shè)空處接在介詞from后，應(yīng)用動名詞作賓語，和它的邏輯主語theoriginalenvironment之間是被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用動名詞的被動語態(tài)，故填beingtouched。7．Mykidspendshours(chat)onthephonewithherfriendseveryday.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】chatting【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：我的孩子每天花幾個小時在電話上和她的朋友聊天。sb.spendtime(in)doingsth.，此處為動名詞作賓語，表示花費時間聊天。故填chatting。8．Noonecanavoid(influence)byadvertisements.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】beinginfluenced【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：沒有人能避免受到廣告的影響。分析句子可知，本句的謂語動詞是avoid，所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填入名詞或動名詞作動詞avoid的賓語。又因為主語Noone與influence之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用動名詞的被動形式beinginfluenced。故填beinginfluenced。9．Heclaimsthat(quit)smokingistheeasiestthingintheworld,forhehasdoneithundredsoftimes.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】quitting【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：他聲稱戒煙是世界上最容易的事情，因為他已經(jīng)戒過幾百次了?？崭裉幱脛用~quitting作that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的主語，故填quitting。10．Dr.SusansuggestedTom(take)hisdaughtertothezooeverySunday.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】taking【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：蘇珊醫(yī)生建議湯姆每周日帶他女兒去動物園。動詞suggest后跟doing(sth)作賓語，設(shè)空處填動名詞taking，Tom與動詞take之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，TomtakinghisdaughtertothezooeverySunday為動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作動詞suggested賓語。故填taking。11．Taichi,aChineseMartialartinvolves(do)veryslowphysicalexercisestorelaxyourmindandcalmyourbody.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】doing【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：太極拳是一種中國武術(shù)，它包括做非常緩慢的身體運動來放松你的思想，使你的身體平靜。involvedoingsth.是固定用法，表示“包括做某事；涉及做某事”，所以空處需用動名詞形式作賓語。故填doing。12．Thecrocodileisusedtopassengers(throw)foodfromboatsandnowsheisbecomingfamiliarwithhumans.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】throwing【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：鱷魚習(xí)慣了乘客從船上扔食物，現(xiàn)在它開始熟悉人類了。beusedtodoingsth.是固定用法，表示“習(xí)慣于做某事”，其中to是介詞，后面需要接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語，故空處應(yīng)用throw的動名詞形式throwing。故填throwing。13．Inmyopinion,thefilmiswellworth(see).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】seeing【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：在我看來，這部電影很值得一看。beworthdoingsth.是一個固定用法，意為“某事值得被做”，動名詞seeing作賓語。故填seeing。14．Politiciansareskilledat(defend)themselvesagainsttheircritics.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】defending【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：政治家們擅長為自己辯護(hù)，對抗批評者。此處作介詞at的賓語，defend用動名詞形式。故填defending。15．Ifthesoupisalittlesalty,try(add)somewatertoit.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】adding【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：如果湯有點咸，試著加點水。根據(jù)句意和空格前的動詞try可知，此處表示“嘗試做某事”，用trydoingsomething。故填adding。16．It’sourdutytotakecareofendangeredanimalsandprotecttheforestsfrom(destroy).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】destruction/beingdestroyed【詳解】考查名詞或動名詞。句意：照顧瀕危動物和保護(hù)森林免受破壞是我們的責(zé)任。介詞from后接名詞形式或動名詞形式。destroy的名詞形式為destruction；forests與destroy之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用動名詞的被動語態(tài)。故填destruction/beingdestroyed。17．Studentsoftenhavedifficulty(understand)Englishgrammar.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】understanding【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：學(xué)生們經(jīng)常在理解英語語法方面有困難?！癶avedifficulty(in)doingsth”是固定短語，意為“做某事有困難”，其中in可以省略，所以此處應(yīng)用understand的動名詞形式understanding作賓語。故填understanding。18．Theteacher’sstrictrulespreventedthestudentsfrom(chat)duringclass.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】chatting【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：老師嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定阻止了學(xué)生們在課堂上聊天。preventsb.fromdoingsth.為固定短語，意為“阻止某人做某事”，from是介詞，后面接動名詞作賓語，chat的動名詞形式為chatting。故填chatting。19．Mykidsspenthours(chat)withtheirfriendsonthephone.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】chatting【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：我的孩子們花了幾個小時和他們的朋友在電話里聊天。分析句子可知，這里考查spend+時間+(in)doingsth.，是固定搭配，意為“花費時間做某事”，所以此處用chat的動名詞形式chatting。故填chatting。20．(think)aboutotherpeople’ssituationsinspiredmetoofferhelp.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】Thinking【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：考慮其他人的處境激勵我去提供幫助。空處需要動名詞在句中作主語表示抽象的、一般性、經(jīng)常性的行為。該詞位于句首，首字母大寫。故填Thinking。一、語法選擇Manyofushavefeelingsoflonelinessaswegrowup.Asateenager,just1aloneinthecafeteriacanbeunbearable,andgirlsevengototherestroomhandinhand.Theyfear2a“l(fā)oner”.Inthesecases,wemightusetheword“l(fā)oner”inadisapprovingway.However,itcanactuallyhaveapositivemeaningaswell.

Italldependsonourattitudestowardsbeingalone.Ifwesee3aloneassomethingnegative,wewillresist(抵制)it.Butifweunderstandthatit'saneverydaypartoflife,we'llbeable4it.

Insomecountries,moreyoungpeoplearechoosing5loners.InSouthKorea,“honjok”hasbecomeapopularlifestyle.Thetermcomesfrom“hon”(alone)and“jok”(tribe).Thesepeopleeatalone,travelalone,andenjoy6alone.

“Ihopeitgrowsintoaself-supportingcultureofhappiness,”saidJangJaeYoung,aSouthKoreanwhorunsawebsiteaboutthissololifestyle7honjok.me.

InJapan,peoplehavedevelopedastrong“l(fā)onerculture”andevena“l(fā)onereconomy”.Therearemanysolokaraokebarsandsolocafes.Evensomerestaurantsarespeciallydesignedforsolodiners.Clapboards(隔板)separateeachseat.Theyfilloutaform8anorder,andthenpressabuttontocallthewaiter.Sotheydon'thavetoseethefacesofothercustomersorwaiters.

Peoplearebecomingmoreexperiencedinandcomfortableabout9solitude(獨處).Thisdoesn'tmeanweshouldtotallyshutourselvesfromtheoutsideworld,ofcourse.Butitdoesn'thurt10some“metime”onceinawhile.

1.A.eat B.toeat C.eating D.eaten2.A.becalled B.tobecalledC.becalling D.beingcalled3.A.is B.are C.be D.being4.A.hug B.tohug C.hugging D.hugged5.A.tobe B.be C.being D.been6.A.be B.tobe C.being D.been7.A.call B.tocall C.calling D.called8.A.place B.toplace C.placing D.placed9.A.embrace B.toembrace C.embracing D.embraced10.A.have B.tohave C.having D.had語篇解讀文章介紹了獨處正在成為一種流行的生活方式,而并非人們傳統(tǒng)上認(rèn)為的消極處事態(tài)度。1.C本題考查非謂語動詞。在本句中,動名詞短語充當(dāng)句子的主語。故選C。2.D本題考查非謂語動詞。feardoingsth.害怕做某事,且此處是“害怕被稱作”,所以選D。3.D本題考查非謂語動詞。用v.-ing形式作see的賓語,故選D。4.B本題考查非謂語動詞。beabletodosth.能夠做某事。故選B。5.A本題考查非謂語動詞。choosetodosth.選擇做某事。故選A。6.C本題考查非謂語動詞。enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事。故選C。7.D本題考查非謂語動詞。過去分詞短語作后置定語。故選D。8.B本題考查非謂語動詞。此處用不定式表目的。故選B。9.C本題考查非謂語動詞。embrace擁抱?？涨暗慕樵~about后應(yīng)用動名詞形式。故選C。10.B本題考查非謂語動詞。動詞不定式短語tohavesome“metime”onceinawhile是本句真正的主語,it在本句中充當(dāng)形式主語。故選B。二、閱讀理解Intoday’sworldoffast-pacedgamesandshortvideos,peoplearespendinglessandlesstimeonthings.Forexample,researchhasshownthattheaveragevisitorspendsjust15secondsonawebsitebeforemovingontootherthings.ButtheInternetisahugeandbusyplace,withmillionsofsitestochoosefrom.Youmightexpectpeopletoslowdownabitmorewhenthey’reinmuseumsfullofgreatworksofart.Butyou’dbewrong.Severalstudieshaveshownthattheamountoftimeforpeopletospendlookingatapieceofartistenseconds.Manypeoplemayspendmoretime,butnotmuchmore—theaverageisabout28seconds.AttheTateModernMuseuminLondon,it’sevenworse.Peopletherespendanaverageofjusteightsecondsoneachartwork.Andinthatshortperiodoftime,thevisitorsarealsomanagingtodoanotherimportantthing—takeselfies!Inrecentyearsmuseumshavebeenworkingtochangethisbehavior.Today,over170museumsaroundtheworldarecelebrating“SlowArtDay”.Theyareaskingtheirvisitorstospendatleast5-10minuteslookingatjustoneworkofart.SlowArtsupportersbelievethatwhenvisitorsspendmoretimelookingatandstudyingtheworkofart,theyadmireitmore.Studyingaworkofartformoretimecanalsohelppeoplegetabetterunderstandingoftheartist’sideasandwhattheartistwentthroughtocreatethework.MostofthemuseumstakingpartinSlowArtDayarechoosingjustafewworksfortheirvisitorstosee.Someofthemuseumsareofferingchancesforvisitorstotalkabouttheartworksandsharetheirideas.1．Generallyspeaking,peoplespend______oneachpieceofartinamuseum.A．8seconds B．28seconds C．15seconds D．10seconds2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisbehavior”referto?A．Admiringeachartworkthoroughly. B．Takingselfiesinmuseumsbusily.C．Celebrating“SlowArtDay”widely. D．Lookingateachartworkhurriedly.3．Whyis“SlowArtDay”created?A．TomakepeoplespendmoretimeoneachartworkB．TostopvisitorsfromtakingselfiesinsideC．ToattractmorepeopletovisitthemuseumsD．Togivevisitorsanopportunitytorelaxthemselves4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．Museums:SlowdowntoAdmiremore! B．MuseumsontheRocks:PleaseAdvise!C．SlowArtDay:aFruitofMuseums! D．Museums:anEscapefromtheFast-pacedLife!【答案】1．D2．D3．A4．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是在快節(jié)奏的現(xiàn)代社會中，博物館通過“慢藝術(shù)日”活動鼓勵人們花更多時間欣賞藝術(shù)作品。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Severalstudieshaveshown

thattheamountoftimeforpeopletospendlookingatapieceofartis

tenseconds.Manypeoplemayspendmoretime,butnotmuchmore—the

averageisabout28seconds.(幾項研究表明，人們花在觀看一件藝術(shù)品上的時間是10秒鐘。許多人可能會花更多的時間，但不會更多——平均約為28秒)”可知，研究表明人們看一件藝術(shù)品的平均時間是10秒，雖然后文提到某些博物館的平均時間更短或更長，但題干問的是generally

speaking，因此以研究數(shù)據(jù)為準(zhǔn)。故選D。2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Severalstudieshaveshownthattheamountoftimeforpeopletospendlookingatapieceofartistenseconds.Manypeoplemayspendmoretime,butnotmuchmore—theaverageisabout28seconds.AttheTateModernMuseuminLondon,it’sevenworse.P