PAGE1銜接點18七選五閱讀之巧解方略（初高銜接點及差異）初中階段高中階段側(cè)重對所讀文章的主旨要義、具體信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的寫作意圖、觀點，區(qū)分出論點和論據(jù)，并且能夠把握文章的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)層次，才能比較準(zhǔn)確地確定應(yīng)該選擇哪個選項?！捌哌x五閱讀”，一般以說明文和議論文為主，記敘文為輔，選文邏輯嚴(yán)密、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，突出對篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的整體理解，側(cè)重考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力。設(shè)空題型分布以段中為主，段首和段尾為輔。銜接指引初中階段考查形式：側(cè)重于對所讀文章的主旨要義、具體信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的寫作意圖、觀點，區(qū)分出論點和論據(jù)，并且能夠把握文章的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)層次高中階段考查形式：注重信息還原(七選五)所選文章多為說明文,文章結(jié)構(gòu)通常為“總—分(—總)”,內(nèi)容通常是教人如何學(xué)習(xí)、如何做事、如何生活等,符合中學(xué)生的特點,貼近中學(xué)生的日常生活。?！境踔须A段考點聚焦】【題型概述】閱讀還原句子是中考題型中比較新的題型，一般有200-250個單詞左右，常見題型為5選5、6選5、7選5。這題型實際上需要學(xué)生拓寬自己思維的深度和廣度，不再只是簡單地從句子層面出發(fā)理解和把控詞匯含義和語法結(jié)構(gòu)，從而逐步理解篇章意思，而是從更高層次的篇章層面上，立足整體，體會句子或語段前后的銜接和連貫性，進(jìn)而把握篇章大意和作者寫作思路及其意圖。它要求考生不但要有扎實的語言功底，而且還要有較強(qiáng)的邏輯思維能力，要求考生能夠“既見樹木又見森林”,極大的增加了考生的難度。【考查內(nèi)容】文章選文邏輯嚴(yán)密、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，突出對篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的整體理解，側(cè)重考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力。設(shè)空題型分布有段中、段首和段尾設(shè)題形式，以考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系為主，考查段落主題句為輔，間或考查段屬的結(jié)論概括性語句。六個備選項意義都與文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)，有一定的干擾迷惑性。試題主要依據(jù)句子在上下文中銜接情況來命制，銜接手段分為三種：結(jié)構(gòu)銜接、邏輯銜接、詞匯銜接?！窘忸}策略】忌忽略選項。做題時,應(yīng)先把文章后面所給的備選項快速瀏覽一遍,然后帶著這些備選項進(jìn)行閱讀。邊讀邊選出比較簡單的選項,從而提高閱讀效率。忌草率行事。在設(shè)計選項時,命題者往往在幾個選項中設(shè)計出一個或兩個似是而非的答案。對所給相似選項,要進(jìn)行分析、比較,去偽存真。忌囫圇定案。忌考生在未完全讀懂文章時就匆忙定案。尚未讀懂的地方,一定要聯(lián)系上下文,仔細(xì)多讀幾遍,直到讀懂再定答案?！臼纠块喿x下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入小題橫線上的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Inourdailylife,whilewelookforhappiness,wemayoftenendupwithbadfeelings.Hereissomeadviceonbeatingthoselowspirits.1Whenyouhaveaconversationwithyourfriends,theycanunderstandhowyoufeel.Thiscanmakeyoufeelhappyagain.Italsohelpsyouseeyourselfinpositive(積極的)ways,soyoucangetbacktobeingwhoyouwanttobe.Getoutofthehouse.2That’sOK,butatleastletyourselfwalktoaplacethatisbeautifuloraplacethatbringsyousomepeace.Achangeoffreshairwillhelpyoufeelbetter.Watchacomedy.Whenyou’resad,youdon’twanttolaugh.Butthecycleofsadnessmustbebrokensoyoucangetbacktoyournormallife.3Smile.Whenyousmile,therewillbechemicals(化學(xué)物質(zhì))inyourbrainthatmakeyouwanttosmilemoreandmakeyoufeelbetter.4Peoplewillsmileback,andthatwillmakeyouhappier.5Pleasegiveyourselfachance.You’dbesurprisedathoweasyitistofeelbetterwhenyoudothingstohelpyourself.A．Talkwithfriends.B．Makenewfriends.C．Gotoapublicplaceandwearasmile.D．Themoreyousmile,thehappieryouwillfeel.E．Theseideasabovearetomakeyoufeelhappy.F．Andwatchingacomedyisaveryeasywaytostartit.G．Goingoutcanbehardifyoudon’twanttobearoundpeople.【高中階段考點聚焦】課標(biāo)解讀題型特點:1.段首句。通常是段落主題句,或與后文形成并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系,又或是段落間的過渡句。2.段中句。通常與前后句形成并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等關(guān)系。3.段尾句。通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句,又或者是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。從上表還可以看出試題設(shè)置在段中的數(shù)量較多,段首句和段尾句較少。在做題過程中,段中試題由于有段落內(nèi)上下文的提示,比較容易得到答案。段尾試題往往是段落的總結(jié),難度也不大。通常情況下,段首的試題難度也比較小,因為在英語寫作中,段首句多為段落主旨句,考生可以根據(jù)段落后面的文本快速推測答案。但是當(dāng)段首句是對上下段的過渡時,難度陡增。2)文章結(jié)構(gòu)(a)描述性結(jié)構(gòu)(主要介紹事物、問題或傾向的特點，對人物的描述如傳記，包括人身體特征、家庭背景、成長過程、個性愛好、成就貢獻(xiàn)等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述，因此時間、地點往往是出題重點)(b)釋義性結(jié)構(gòu)(解釋某一理論、學(xué)科、事物，主要用例子比喻類比闡述)(c)比較性結(jié)構(gòu)(把兩個人或事物功能、特點、優(yōu)缺點進(jìn)行對比)(d)原因性結(jié)構(gòu)(這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要分析事物的成因，客觀的、主觀的、直接的、間接的)(e)駁斥性結(jié)構(gòu)(這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要是先介紹一種觀點，然后對其評論或駁斥，然后分析其優(yōu)點缺點、危害性、最后闡明自己的觀點)考點清單考點一：段首題1、通常是段落的主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。2、與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一二句，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查找相關(guān)特征詞，通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的。因此這兩句之間會有某種的銜接手段。3、段落間的過渡句。這時要瞻前顧后找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機(jī)銜接,并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容,看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來?！臼纠縋urposeofsleep2Sleephelpsourbodyheal(修復(fù)),grow,andstayhealthy.Italsogivesusenergy,sowecanbeactiveallday.Doctorsandhealthscientistssay:Whenyoucloseyoureyesandneedtorest,sleepisjusttheverybest!Thisismorethanadvice.

A.SleepyanimalsB.Whydoweneedsleep?C.Somepeopletalkintheirdreams.考點二：段中題若空格句在段中，則需根據(jù)空格前后的句子內(nèi)容及邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案。1、盯緊橫線的前后詞語。根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在原文和選項中找到相關(guān)的特征詞。2、抓住過渡詞，看住上下句?？磁c前文是否是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系，此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折對比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時注意選項中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立，對比關(guān)系?？磁c前文是否是并列或排比關(guān)系，在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補(bǔ)全說明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)。因此，通常選項中會出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索?！臼纠縁romthere,thereisbothgoodnewsandbadnews.Thebadnews?___10___So,theyhavetojudgeiftheyareonthemarkbythemselves,Murraysaid.Butthegoodnewsisthatmenandboysoftendowellwhentheygothroughtreatmentfortheireatingdisorders.A.Theeatingdisorderfieldhastotreatmalesbasedonstudiesthatincludeonlyfemales.B.Willaboyormanexperienceeatingdisordersinthatwaytoo?C.Thebestwaytohelpthemgetintotreatmentistosharethetruth—theyarenotalone.考點三：段尾題1、空白前的一句或兩句是重點語句，重點閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。2、通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞：Therefore，asaresult，inshort，tosumup，toconclude，in

aword，allinall，inconclusion等詞語。選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。3、所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容的句子如果在選項中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接，認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項的最后一句緊密連接起來。4、如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會用一些信號詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來，正確答案應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞?！臼纠緼sfortheirlovelives,ninepercentofwomenaged45-54mettheirhusbandsthroughtheInternet,andforty-ninepercentofwomenbelievethatthebestagetogetmarriedisbetween25and29.4A．ItseemsthatBritishwomenaren’ttoohappywiththeirbodies.B．Iwantyoutoshareopinionswithus.C．Herearesomeoftheresults.D．Fifty-ninepercentthinkfathersshouldtakemoreresponsibilityfortheirchildren.E．Moreandmorewomenpreferbeingalonetogettingmarried.F．Thebiggestchallengeformodemwomenisbalancinghomeandworklife(82%).G．Becausetheythinktheycanmakearationalchoiceatthatage.【Passage1】閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Manyhaveheardofsharkfinsoup.Butdoyourealizethatyou’rekillingawholesharkeachtimeyouenjoyabowlofsharkfinsoup?Whenpeoplecatchsharks,theycutofftheirfinsandthrowthesharksbackintotheocean.1Withoutafin,asharkcannolongerswimandslowlydies.Sharksareatthetopofthefoodchainintheocean’secosystem.2Manybelievethatsharkscanneverbeendangeredbecausetheyarethestrongestintheirfoodchain.3Thenumbersofsomekindsofsharkshavefallenbyover90percentinthelast20to30years.Environmentalprotectiongroupsaroundtheworld,suchasWildAidandtheWWF,areteachingthepublicabout“finning”.4Sofar,noscientificstudieshaveshownthatsharkfinsaregoodforhealth,sowhyeatthem?5A．Helpsavethesharks!B．Theyareingreatdangernow.C．Thisisnotonlycruel,butalsoharmfultotheenvironment.D．Itisthishighpricethathasleadtothespreadofsharkfinning.E．Iftheirnumbersdroptoolow,itwillbringdangertoalloceanlife.F．Theyhaveevenaskedgovernmentstodeveloplawstostopthesaleofsharkfins.G．Butinfact,around70millionsharksarecaughtandtradedinthisindustryeveryyear.【Passage2】Doyoufindithardtosaynowheneversomeonecomestoyouforhelp?Doyoufeelsorrywhenyouhavetotellpeoplethatyoureallycan’thelpthem?Anddoyouoftensay“yes”whileyouransweris“no”?Ifyouansweredyes,youmaybea“people-pleaser”.Beingfriendlyandhelpfulisagoodthing.However,goingtoofarcanmakeyoufeelstressed.6Tostartwith,it’simportanttoknowyourlimitsandcreate“boundaries”inyourlife.Beclearaboutwhatyoureallyliketodo.7Theycanonlycometoyouatthattime.8Inthiscase,youcantrypositiveself-talk.Remindyourselfthatyouhavedreamstoo.Youdon’thavetogiveawayyourtimeandenergytodothingsthatdon’tbringyoujoy.Makingasuddenchangecanbehard,sostartbytakingsmallsteps.Youmay,forexample,texttosayno.9Practicethisindifferentsituations,suchastalkingtoasalespersonororderingatarestaurant.Thentryrefusingyourfriendsorrelatives.Stoppingbeingapeople-pleaserdoesn’tmeanyouhavetogiveupbeingkindandhelpfulaltogether.10Pleasingyourselfismuchmoreimportantthanpleasingothers.A．Youcantellothershowyouwillhelpthem.B．Youcanalsotellotherswhattimeyouarefree.C．Then,workyourwayuptosayingnoinperson.D．Itmakesyoufeelbettertosaynotootherswithoutfacingthem.E．Youcanstilldogoodthings—butdon’ttakeawayyourownhappiness.F．Luckily,therearesomestepsthatyoucantaketostopbeingapeople-pleaser.G．Somepeopletrytopleaseothersbecausetheyhavelittleconfidenceinthemselves.【Passage3】Howdifferentcanculturesbe?Very!Peoplefromdifferentculturescaneatdifferentfoodsandliveindifferentkindsofhouses.Theyprobablyspeakdifferentlanguagesandhavedifferentbeliefsandcustoms.Butguesswhat?11Thesimilaritiesbetweenculturesconnectpeopleandhelpthemcommunicate.Wesometimescallthesemeans(方式)ofcommunicationuniversal(全世界的)languages.12Andsomeofthemallowpeopleofwildlydifferentbackgroundstocommunicateandshareemotionsandfeelings.Forexample,somepeoplebelievemusicisauniversallanguage.13Expertshavelearnedhat,acrosscultures,peoplecannoticethreecommonemotionsinmusic:happiness,sadness,andfear.Musicmayevenbeabletobridgethedifferencesnotonlybetweenpeopleofdifferentculturesbutalsobetweenpeopleandothercreatures(生物).Musichasbeenknowntobeagoodinfluenceonallkindsofanimals.Sowhatotherkindsoflanguagesthateveryonecanunderstandmighttherebe?14Alongwithmusic,dancingseemstobeacommoninterestsharedbypeopleallovertheworld.Doyouthinkyoucouldseeadancefromanothercultureandmakesomereasonableguessesabouttheideasandemotionsbehindit?Ofcourse,youcould!Anotheruniversallanguagethatyoumightnothavethoughtofismath!15Thevalueofpi(圓周率)isaround3.14159,nomatterwhereyouareonEarth!A．Thereissomescientificsupportforthisidea.B．Thereisnodoubtthatartisauniversallanguagetoo.C．Ifyouthinkaboutitnow,though,itjustmakessense.D．Theycanalsobesimilarinwaysyoumightnotexpect.E．Somepeoplebelievedanceisalsoauniversallanguage.F．Peoplefromdifferentculturesdon’thavedifferentopinionsonallthings.G．Strictlyspeaking,they’renotlanguagesbutwaysofsharingthoughtsandideas.【Passage4】OnMarch4th,after10yearsofdifficulttalks,nearly200countriesagreedtoanewUNagreement-theHighSeasTreaty(《公海保護(hù)協(xié)議》).Itisthefirstofitskindin40years,16Oceanscoverabout71%oftheearth’ssurface,andarehometoallanimalsandplants.Healthyoceansplayaveryimportantroleinahealthyplanet.17Overfishing(過度捕撈)hashadterribleinfluenceonmanyfishesandotheranimals.Pollutionhascausedseriousdamage(破環(huán))inmanyareas.In1982,oneUNseaagreementdescribedthe“highseas”—thepartsoftheoceansthataren’tcontrolledbyanycountry.18Thehighseascoverabout2/3oftheocean.Butnowonlyl.2%oftheseareasareprotected.19Italsorequiresthattheresearchshouldfirstbedonetoseewhatinfluencehuman’sactivitiesmighthaveontheoceanenvironment.Duringthepast10years,thetalkswereheldtimeandtimeagain.20Forexample,therearedisagreementsabouthowmuchtocontrolfishingorpollution,Nowtheagreementhasalongwaytogo,whichmustbeofficiallyacceptedataUNmeetingandbesupportedbyenoughcountriesbeforeitworks.A．Buttheoceansareintrouble.B．Andit’sagreatachievementinprotectingtheworld’soceans.C．Theagreementwasfinallyreachedafterdifficultdiscussions.D．Soallcountrieshavetheright(權(quán)利)tofishandsendshipsthere.E．Thatisbecausedifferentcountrieshavetheirowndifferentideas.F．Thenewagreementsetsagoaltoturn30%ofthehighseasintoprotectedareas.G．Oceansareimportantforeverythingontheearth.【Passage5】HowtoMakeFriendsFriendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeveryoneneedsgoodfriends.Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits.Itofferscompanionship,improvesself-worthandimproveshealth.Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleaveuswithoutafriend.21Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Belowaresomehelpfulsuggestionsonhowtomakeandkeepfriends.Associatewithothers.Thefirststepinmakingfriendsisassociatingwithotherpeople.Youcangotopublicplacestomeetnewpeople.Besides,youwillneedtomakeyourselfknownbybecominganactivememberofsuchplaces.StartaconversationStartingaconversationisthesecondmostimportantstepinmakingnewfriends.22Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.Beingabletomakesmalltalkisaveryusefulskillinrelatingwithotherpeople.23

Choosingfriendswithcommoninterestsisimportantinbuildingfriendshipastheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether.Hangingoutwillalwaysbeapleasantexperience.LetitgrowItisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopress(強(qiáng)迫)yournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.24Thebestfriendshipsaretheonesthatgrownaturally.EnjoyyourfriendshipThebestwaytoenjoyyourfriendshipistoallowyourfriendstobethemselves.25Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.Becomethekindoffriendyouwillwantyourfriendtobetoyou.A．Becheerful.B．Dothingstogether.C．Donotwaittobespokento.D．Trynottofindfaults(缺點)withyourfriends.E．Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.F．Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.G．Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.【Passage1】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Bananasdon’tgrowontrees.Theygrowonastalk(莖)thatlooksjustalittlelikeastalkofcorn.Thestalkissoftenoughtobecutwithaknife.Ittakesaboutayearbeforebananasarereadytobepicked.Someareassmallasfingers.31.Somebananaplantsgrowastallasahouse—eventaller!32.Somenevergetsweet,andtheyarecookedasakindofvegetable.Thetastyfruitdoesn’tcomefromaseedbutfromarootplanteddeepintheground.First,astalkpushesupintotheair.33.Inthebeginning,thebananaplantgrowsveryfast—sometimesasmuchasthelengthofyourfeetinonenight.Soon,sweet-smellingflowerscomeout,andwhentheirflowersdropoff,bananasbegintogrow.Astheygetbigger,bananasstartturningup(卷起來).34!Bananasarereadytoeatwhentheyturnsoftandyellow.Bananasarepickedlongbeforethis——whenthey’rehardandgreen.Thisisbecausebananashavetotravelmanymilesbeforetheyarriveatastore.35.Therearespecialboatsjustforbananasandspecialtrainsthatkeepthemjustcoolenoughsothattheywillgetripe(成熟的)whiletraveling.Ifbananasarepickedwhentheyareripe,theywillspoilontheway.A．ThentheleavesgrowB．NotallbananasareeatenasfruitC．AlongtimeisspentpickingbananasD．Itlooksasifthey’regrowingupsidedownE．ManypeoplelikeeatingbananasF．Othersareaslongasmen、’sarmsG．Onboatsandtrainsbananastravelallovertheworld【Passage2】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WaystoSleepSmarterStudiesshowthatpoorsleepinfluencespeopletomakegooddecisions,focusonworkandevenmanageafriendlymoodatwork.36.Todaywe’vegotfourtopfavoritesleeptipsandfacts.Setaregularbedtime37.Chooseatimewhenyounormallyfeeltired.Trynottobreakthisroutineonweekendswhenyouwillprobablystayuplate.Ifyouwanttochangeyourbedtime,makethechangegradually,suchas15minutesearlierorlatereachday.Eattherightfood.Somefoodsaremorehelpfultoabetternight’ssleepthanothers.38.Otherslikebananas,potatoes,andwhole-wheatbreadarealsohelpful.39Exercisingprovideslotsofgoodhealthbenefits.Agoodnight’ssleepisoneofthem.Butmakesureyouexerciseinthemorningorafternoon.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportsthatexerciseinthemorningorafternooncanhelpdeepensleepandcutthetimeittakesforyoutofallintosleep.However,thosewhoworkedoutintheeveninghourssawlittleornoimprovementintheirsleep.Reducescreentimebeforebed40.Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplewhouseelectronicmediajustbeforebedtimereportlower-qualitysleepevenwhentheygetasmuchsleepasthosewhodon’t.A．AvoidthealarmclockB．ExercisetoimprovesleepC．Tryto