2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解沖刺押題模擬實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______閱讀理解Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheconceptof"well-being"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,movingfromthefringesofpsychologytotheforefrontofeconomicandpoliticaldiscourse.Proponentsarguethattraditionalmetricsofsuccess,suchasGrossDomesticProduct(GDP),failtocapturethefullspectrumofhumanflourishing.Theycontendthatasociety'strueprogressshouldbemeasurednotjustbyitsmaterialwealth,butbythehappinessandhealthofitscitizens.Thisshiftreflectsagrowingrecognitionthateconomicgrowthalonedoesnotguaranteewell-being,andthatfactorslikesocialconnections,mentalhealth,andenvironmentalqualityareequally,ifnotmore,important.However,theverydefinitionof"well-being"remainscontested.Isitprimarilyaboutindividualhappiness,ordoesitencompassbroadersocietalgoals?Someviewwell-beingasasubjectivestate,measuredbypersonalsatisfactionandlifesatisfactionsurveys.Othersargueforanobjectivedefinition,focusingonaccesstobasicneeds,education,healthcare,andacleanenvironment.Thisdivergenceinperspectivecreateschallengesforpolicymakersattemptingtoimplementwell-being-focusedinitiatives.Howcanwemeasureandcomparewell-beingacrossdifferentpopulationsandcultures?Whatconstitutesa"goodlife"isnotonlysubjectivebutalsoshapedbyindividualvaluesandsocietalnorms.Advocatesforintegratingwell-beingintopolicyarguethatitcanleadtomoreholisticandhuman-centereddevelopment.Byfocusingonfactorsthatcontributetoagoodlife,governmentscanaddresssocialinequalities,improvepublichealth,andfosterasenseofcommunity.Forinstance,investmentsinpublicparksandgreenspaceshavebeenshowntoimprovementalhealthandsocialcohesion.Similarly,policiesthatpromotework-lifebalancecanleadtohappierandmoreproductivecitizens.Whilethepathtoachievingwell-beingiscomplexandmultifaceted,thegrowinginterestinthisconceptsuggestsapromisingdirectionforamoresustainableandequitablefuture.Questions:1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethetwomainperspectivesondefiningwell-being?3.Whataresomeexamplesofwell-being-focusedinitiativesmentionedinthepassage?4.Whatchallengesdopolicymakersfaceinimplementingwell-beinginitiatives?PassageTwoTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedbothexcitementandapprehensionaboutitsfutureimpactonsociety.WhileAIhasthepotentialtorevolutionizenumerousindustries,fromhealthcaretotransportation,italsoraisesconcernsaboutjobdisplacement,ethicalimplications,andtheconcentrationofpowerinthehandsofafewtechgiants.AswestandatthecuspofanewAIera,itiscrucialtoengageinathoughtfulandproactivedialogueabouthowtoharnessitsbenefitswhilemitigatingitsrisks.OneofthemostsignificantpotentialbenefitsofAIisitsabilitytoimproveefficiencyandproductivity.Inhealthcare,AI-powereddiagnostictoolscananalyzemedicalimageswithgreateraccuracythanhumanradiologists,leadingtoearlierandmoreaccuratediagnoses.Intransportation,self-drivingcarshavethepotentialtoreduceaccidentsandcongestion,makingourroadssaferandmoreefficient.Inaddition,AIcanhelpaddressglobalchallengessuchasclimatechangebyoptimizingenergyconsumptionandpredictingnaturaldisasters.However,theriseofAIalsobringswithitahostofchallenges.Onemajorconcernisthepotentialforjobdisplacement,asAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglycapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans.Thiscouldleadtosignificanteconomicdisruptionandrequiresubstantialinvestmentinretrainingandeducationprograms.AnotherconcernistheethicalimplicationsofAI,particularlyinareassuchasfacialrecognitiontechnologyandautonomousweapons.Thesetechnologiesraisequestionsaboutprivacy,bias,andthepotentialformisuse.Finally,thereistheissueoftheconcentrationofpowerinthehandsofafewlargetechcompaniesthatareleadingtheAIrace.ThiscouldexacerbateexistinginequalitiesandlimitthedevelopmentofAIinwaysthatbenefitthebroaderpublic.Questions:5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?6.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomepotentialbenefitsofAI?7.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomepotentialchallengesofAI?8.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofAI?PassageThreeTheCOVID-19pandemichashadaprofoundandlastingimpactontheeducationsystem,exposingitsvulnerabilitiesandhighlightingtheneedforinnovationandadaptation.Thesuddenshifttoremotelearningforcedschoolsanduniversitiestorapidlyadoptnewtechnologies,creatingbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Whilesomestudentsthrivedintheonlineenvironment,othersstruggledwithlackofaccesstotechnology,inadequateinternetconnectivity,andtheabsenceofface-to-faceinteractionwithteachersandpeers.Thisdigitaldividehasexacerbatedexistingeducationalinequalities,leavingsomestudentsbehind.Thepandemicalsohighlightedtheimportanceofsocial-emotionallearning(SEL)ineducation.Withthedisruptionofdailyroutinesandthestressofthepandemic,manystudentsexperiencedanxiety,loneliness,andothermentalhealthchallenges.SchoolsanduniversitiesthatprioritizedSELduringthistimewerebetterequippedtosupporttheirstudents'well-beingandacademicsuccess.ThishasledtoagrowingrecognitionoftheneedtointegrateSELintothecurriculum,notjustasanadd-on,butasacorecomponentofeducation.Lookingahead,thepandemichasacceleratedtheadoptionoftechnologyineducation,butitiscrucialtoensurethatthistechnologyisusedtoenhance,notreplace,thehumanelementofteachingandlearning.Personalizedlearningplatformscanprovidestudentswithtailoredinstructionandsupport,buttheycannotfullyreplicatetheguidanceandmentorshipofaqualifiedteacher.Thefutureofeducationwilllikelybeahybridmodelthatcombinesthebestofbothonlineandin-personlearning,creatingamoreflexible,accessible,andequitablesystemforallstudents.Questions:9.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?10.Accordingtothepassage,whatweresomeofthechallengesofremotelearningduringthepandemic?11.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheimportanceofsocial-emotionallearning?12.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofeducation?PassageFourThefashionindustryisoneofthemostpollutingandresource-intensiveindustriesintheworld.Theproductionofclothinginvolvestheuseofvastamountsofwater,energy,andchemicals,andthedisposaloftextilewastecontributessignificantlytolandfilloverflowandenvironmentaldegradation.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingmovementtopromotesustainablefashion,whichseekstominimizetheenvironmentalimpactofclothingproductionandconsumption.Oneofthekeyprinciplesofsustainablefashionistheuseofeco-friendlymaterials.Thisincludesorganiccotton,whichisgrownwithouttheuseofharmfulpesticidesandfertilizers,aswellasrecycledmaterialssuchasplasticbottlesandfishingnets.Additionally,sustainablefashionemphasizestheimportanceofreducingwaterconsumptionandenergyuseintheproductionprocess.Thiscanbeachievedthroughtheuseofinnovativetechnologies,suchaswaterlessdyeingandsolar-poweredfactories.Anotherimportantaspectofsustainablefashionisthepromotionofamorecirculareconomy,whereclothesaredesignedtobedurable,repairable,andrecyclable.Thismeansencouragingconsumerstobuyfewer,buthigher-qualitypiecesthatwilllastlonger,ratherthandisposablefastfashion.Italsoinvolvesdevelopingnewbusinessmodels,suchasrentalandsubscriptionservices,whichallowconsumerstoaccessfashionwithoutowningit.Despitethegrowingpopularityofsustainablefashion,therearestillsignificantchallengestoovercome.Thecostofsustainablematerialsandproductionmethodscanbehigherthanconventionalalternatives,makingsustainablefashionlessaccessibletosomeconsumers.Additionally,thefashionindustryisheavilyinfluencedbyfastfashiontrends,whichencourageconsumerstobuynewclothesfrequently.Changingtheseconsumerhabitswillrequireacollectiveeffortfromconsumers,brands,andpolicymakers.Questions:13.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?14.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeexamplesofeco-friendlymaterialsusedinsustainablefashion?15.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheconceptofacirculareconomyinthecontextoffashion?16.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomechallengestotheadoptionofsustainablefashion?---WritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayofnolessthan150wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.)Somepeoplebelievethatgovernmentsshouldspendmoremoneyonimprovingroadsandhighwaysthanonpublictransportation.Othersholdtheoppositeview.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.試卷答案PassageOne1.B*解析思路：文章首段提出“well-being”概念日益重要，并指出支持者認(rèn)為衡量社會(huì)進(jìn)步不應(yīng)僅看GDP，而應(yīng)看公民的幸福和健康等。第二段開始討論“well-being”的定義。第三段進(jìn)一步闡述將“well-being”融入政策的益處。全文圍繞“well-being”概念的提出及其重要性展開，B選項(xiàng)（文章主要討論了“well-being”概念的興起及其對(duì)政策制定的影響）最能概括主旨。2.A*解析思路：第二段明確指出對(duì)“well-being”的定義存在兩種不同視角：一種將其視為主觀狀態(tài)（個(gè)人幸福），另一種則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（滿足基本需求等）。A選項(xiàng)（主觀幸福感和客觀社會(huì)指標(biāo)）準(zhǔn)確概括了這兩種視角。3.C*解析思路：第三段提到具體的“well-being”focusedinitiatives，包括：investmentsinpublicparksandgreenspaces（投資公園和綠地）、policiesthatpromotework-lifebalance（促進(jìn)工作生活平衡的政策）。C選項(xiàng)（投資公園和綠地以及促進(jìn)工作生活平衡的政策）涵蓋了文中提到的例子。4.D*解析思路：第二段最后指出，由于對(duì)“well-being”定義的分歧以及個(gè)體價(jià)值觀和社會(huì)規(guī)范的差異，政策制定者在實(shí)施“well-being”focusedinitiatives時(shí)面臨挑戰(zhàn)。D選項(xiàng)（在定義和比較不同人群和文化背景下的“well-being”方面存在挑戰(zhàn)）準(zhǔn)確概括了這些挑戰(zhàn)。5.A*解析思路：文章首段提出人工智能（AI）的發(fā)展引發(fā)了人們的興奮和擔(dān)憂，并指出AI具有變革性潛力，但也存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。第二段具體闡述了AI的潛在益處和挑戰(zhàn)。第三段進(jìn)一步討論了AI的未來及其對(duì)社會(huì)的影響。全文圍繞AI的崛起、潛力與挑戰(zhàn)展開，A選項(xiàng)（文章主要討論了人工智能的興起及其對(duì)社會(huì)的影響）最能概括主旨。6.B*解析思路：第二段列舉了AI的潛在益處，包括：improveefficiencyandproductivity（提高效率和生產(chǎn)力）、AI-powereddiagnostictoolsinhealthcare（醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的AI診斷工具）、self-drivingcars（自動(dòng)駕駛汽車）、addressglobalchallengessuchasclimatechange（應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化等全球性挑戰(zhàn)）。B選項(xiàng)（提高效率和生產(chǎn)力，例如在醫(yī)療和交通領(lǐng)域）概括了文中提到的一些主要益處。7.C*解析思路：第二段也提到了AI的潛在挑戰(zhàn)，包括：jobdisplacement（失業(yè)）、ethicalimplications（倫理問題），例如facialrecognitiontechnology（人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)）和autonomousweapons（自主武器）、theconcentrationofpowerinthehandsofafewlargetechcompanies（權(quán)力集中在少數(shù)大科技公司手中）。C選項(xiàng)（失業(yè)、倫理問題以及權(quán)力集中）概括了文中提到的挑戰(zhàn)。8.B*解析思路：文章在討論了AI的益處和挑戰(zhàn)后，第三段指出，盡管存在挑戰(zhàn)，但AI的未來充滿希望，關(guān)鍵在于如何利用其優(yōu)勢(shì)并減少其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。B選項(xiàng)（文章暗示了人工智能的未來充滿希望，但需要謹(jǐn)慎應(yīng)對(duì)其挑戰(zhàn)）準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了文章的結(jié)論。9.A*解析思路：文章首段指出COVID-19疫情對(duì)教育系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響，暴露了其脆弱性，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了創(chuàng)新和適應(yīng)的必要性。第二段討論了遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)的挑戰(zhàn)和數(shù)字鴻溝。第三段則強(qiáng)調(diào)了社會(huì)情感學(xué)習(xí)（SEL）的重要性，并展望了教育的未來。全文圍繞疫情對(duì)教育的沖擊及其應(yīng)對(duì)措施展開，A選項(xiàng)（文章主要討論了COVID-19疫情對(duì)教育系統(tǒng)的影響及其應(yīng)對(duì)）最能概括主旨。10.B*解析思路：第二段具體描述了遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)的挑戰(zhàn)，包括：lackofaccesstotechnology（缺乏技術(shù)）、inadequateinternetconnectivity（網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接不暢）、absenceofface-to-faceinteraction（缺乏面對(duì)面交流）。B選項(xiàng)（缺乏技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接不暢以及缺乏人際互動(dòng)）概括了文中提到的挑戰(zhàn)。11.C*解析思路：第二段提到，疫情打亂了學(xué)生的日常生活，給他們帶來了壓力，許多學(xué)生經(jīng)歷了焦慮、孤獨(dú)等情緒問題。第三段進(jìn)一步指出，在疫情期間，重視SEL的學(xué)校能夠更好地支持學(xué)生的身心健康和學(xué)業(yè)成功。這表明SEL對(duì)于應(yīng)對(duì)壓力和促進(jìn)學(xué)生發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。C選項(xiàng)（文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了社會(huì)情感學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)于應(yīng)對(duì)壓力和促進(jìn)學(xué)生發(fā)展的重要性）準(zhǔn)確概括了其重要性。12.A*解析思路：第三段指出，疫情加速了技術(shù)在教育中的應(yīng)用，但強(qiáng)調(diào)了技術(shù)不能取代教學(xué)的“人文”元素。最后一段預(yù)測(cè)了教育的未來將是線上和線下學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)合，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更靈活、更公平的教育體系。A選項(xiàng)（文章暗示了未來的教育將是線上和線下學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)合，更注重個(gè)性化）準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了文章對(duì)未來教育的展望。13.A*解析思路：文章首段指出時(shí)尚業(yè)是污染嚴(yán)重、資源密集的行業(yè)，并引出可持續(xù)時(shí)尚的概念。第二段介紹了可持續(xù)時(shí)尚的原則，如使用環(huán)保材料、減少水能源消耗。第三段則討論了循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。第四段分析了可持續(xù)時(shí)尚面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。全文圍繞時(shí)尚業(yè)的可持續(xù)性問題展開，A選項(xiàng)（文章主要討論了時(shí)尚業(yè)的污染問題以及可持續(xù)時(shí)尚的解決方案）最能概括主旨。14.B*解析思路：第二段明確列舉了可持續(xù)時(shí)尚中使用的環(huán)保材料，包括：organiccotton（有機(jī)棉）、recycledmaterialssuchasplasticbottlesandfishingnets（例如塑料瓶和漁網(wǎng)等回收材料）。B選項(xiàng)（有機(jī)棉和回收材料，例如塑料瓶和漁網(wǎng)）涵蓋了文中提到的例子。15.C*解析思路：第三段闡述了循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的概念，即在時(shí)尚業(yè)中，衣服應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)得耐用、可修復(fù)和可回收，鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買更高質(zhì)量、更耐穿的衣服，并發(fā)展租賃和訂閱等新模式。C選項(xiàng)（衣服設(shè)計(jì)得耐用、可修復(fù)和可回收，并鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買更高質(zhì)量的衣服）準(zhǔn)確概括了循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心概念。16.B*解析思路：第四段指出了可持續(xù)時(shí)尚面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，包括：sustainablematerialsandproductionmeth