高三英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)答題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)含解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類(lèi)1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Movinginwithaboyfriendcauseswomentoeatmoreunhealthilyandputonweight.Buttheoppositeistrueformen,whoselong-termhealthbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner.

DieticiansatNewcastleUniversitysaidbothpartnerstrytopleaseoneanother,andsochangetheirdietaryhabitstosuittheirotherhalf.

Itleadsmentoeatmorelightmeals,suchassalads,fruitandvegetables,whilewomenchoosetomakecreamier,heavierdishescurryorrichpastasauces,whichmaypleasetheirpartner.Womenstillhavethestrongestlong-terminfluenceoverthecouple'sdietandlifestyle,astheystillhavethetraditionalroleofshopperandcookinmosthouseholds.

Thereport,byNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,reviewedthefindingofavarietyofresearchprojectsfromtheUK,NorthAmericaandAustralia,whichlookedattheeatingandlifestylehabitsofcouples.

Theresearchshowsthatwomenaremorelikelytoputonweightandincreasetheirconsumptionoffoodshighinfatandsugarwhentheymoveinwiththeirpartner

Womenalsousefoodasacomfortwhendealingwithemotionalstressandhavebeenfoundtogainweightwhenarelationshipends,whilethesamefindinghasnotbeenobservedinmen.

Manycouplesreportedfoodasbeingcentraltotheirpartnership,andeatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.

ReportauthorandregistereddieticianDr.AmeliaLakesaid,"Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration."（1）Accordingtothepassage,movinginwithagirlfriend,men________.A.

havefewchangesoftheirdietaryhabits

B.

havetoeatmoreunhealthyfoodsC.

don'tlikefoodshighinfatandsugaratall

D.

trytoeatfoodsthattheirgirlfriendslike（2）Theunderlinedword"light"(inParagraph4)probablymeans________.A.

notveryheavy

B.

lessinfatandsugar

C.

gentle

D.

notseriousorimportant（3）AccordingtothereportbyNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,________.A.

womenputonweightonlybecausetheywanttosuittheirotherhalfB.

whenmenarefacedwithemotionalstress,theywillchangetheirdietaryhabitsC.

eatingtogetherintheeveningisagoodwaytocommunicateforcouplesD.

itiswrongtochangeyourdietaryhabitstosuityourpartner（4）Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________.A.

womenshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirpartner'sinfluenceonthemB.

moremenwillplayrolesofshopperandcookinmosthouseholdsC.

coupleswillnotchangetheirdietaryhabitsandlifestyletopleasetheirpartnerD.

long-termhealthofmenbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner（5）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Don'tbesillyanymore,women!

B.

Whicharebetterdietaryhabits?C.

Boyfriendsmakeyoufat

D.

Dr.AmeliaLakeandhisstudy【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)專(zhuān)家的研究表明，同居讓女人發(fā)胖讓男人更健康。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“whichmaypleasetheirpartner”可知，男女雙方會(huì)改變自己的飲食習(xí)慣來(lái)迎合對(duì)方，因此男士會(huì)吃他的女伴喜歡吃的食物。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中的“salads,fruitandvegetables”可推斷，light在此是“清淡的”的意思，脂肪和糖的含量比較少。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“eatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.”晚上一起吃飯對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)特別重要，可知選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration.”研究表明你的伴侶對(duì)你的生活方式有很大的影響,那些試圖過(guò)上健康生活的人應(yīng)該考慮到這一因素?？蛇xA。（5）考查主旨大意。紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)專(zhuān)家的研究表明，同居讓女人發(fā)胖讓男人更健康。C項(xiàng)幽默風(fēng)趣，能吸引讀者的注意，并切中文章的主題。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀理解

Slowlybutsurely

we'removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.Fromsmart-homesecuritytoself-drivingcars,alltheinternet-connecteddevicesinyourlifewillbeabletotalktoeachotheratlightning-fastspeedswithreduceddelay,Objectivelyspeaking,thefastest4GdownloadspeedsintheU.S.topoutatanaverageof19.42Mbps.Butbycomparison5Gpromisesgigabit(千兆)speeds.

“5Gisoneofthosesigns,alongwithartificialintelligence,ofthiscomingdataage,”saidSteveKoenig,seniordirectorofmarketresearchfortheConsumerTechnologyAssociation.“Theself-drivingvehicleisagreatemblemofthisdataage,andthatistosay,itisasignoftime,becausewithonesingletask,driving,youhavemassiveamountsofdatacomingfromthevehicleitself,andavarietyofsensorsarecollectingalotofinformationtomodelitsenvironmentasitmoves.It'spullingindatafromothervehiclesaboutroadconditionsdownthelane.Itcouldbeweatherinformation,butalsoconnectedinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)construction.There'slotsofdatabehindthattask,whichiswhyweneedhighspeed.

Augmentedrealityglassesandvirtualheadsethaven'tyetbrokenthemainstream,buttechcompaniesarejoyfullybettingthatthesedeviceswilleventuallyreplaceoursmartphones.With5G,thatcouldactuallyhappen.ThisisnotablebecausecompaniessuchasApplearereportedlydevelopingARglassestoassist—orperhapsevenreplace—smartphones.

EricssonstatedatFebruary'sMobileWorldCongresshowsmartglassescouldbecomefasterandlighterwitha5Gconnection,becauseinsteadofbeingweigheddownwithcomponents,theglassescouldrelyonhardwareforprocessingpower.

Butdon'tgettooexcited.There'sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstructionso5Gisn'tconcentratedonlyinbigcities.（1）WhatdoestheauthorwanttostressinParagraph1?A.

Thelighting-fastspeedof5G.B.

Theexpectationof5Gworld.C.

Thedifferencebetween4Gand5G.D.

Theinternet-connecteddevicesinourlife.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"emblem"inParagraph2mean?A.

Exhibition.

B.

Success.

C.

Symbol.

D.

Explanation.（3）Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A.

5Gworldwon'tcomewithoutARglassesB.

5GhelpstocreatetheartificialintelligencevehicleC.

ApplecompanyisdevelopingARglassesworldwideD.

Techcompanieswillfacethefactthatsmartphonesmaybereplaced（4）Whatwilltheauthorprobablytellusnext?A.

Howtofullyexpand5Gcoverage.B.

Smartglasseswillbecomefasterandlighter.C.

Why5Gisn'tconcentratedinbigcities.D.

Theimportanceofinfrastructureconstruction.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了我們離5G世界越來(lái)越近了。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Slowlybutsurely,we'removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.”緩慢但肯定的是，我們離5G世界越來(lái)越近了。可知，作者在第一段想強(qiáng)調(diào)“5G光速快?！惫蔬xA。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“andthatistosay,itisasignoftim”也就是說(shuō)，這是時(shí)間的標(biāo)志，”可知，劃線(xiàn)詞的意思是“標(biāo)志，象征”。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThisisnotablebecausecompaniessuchasApplearereportedlydevelopingARglassestoassist—orperhapsevenreplace—smartphones.”這一點(diǎn)值得注意，因?yàn)閾?jù)報(bào)道，蘋(píng)果(Apple)等公司正在開(kāi)發(fā)增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)眼鏡，以幫助——甚至取代——智能手機(jī)?！笨芍?，我們可以從文中推斷，科技公司將面臨智能手機(jī)可能被取代的事實(shí)。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butdon'tgettooexcited.There'sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstructionso5Gisn'tconcentratedonlyinbigcities.”但是不要太激動(dòng)。與此同時(shí)，仍有很多工作要做，包括各種試驗(yàn)，以確保收音機(jī)能很好地配合硬件和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，這樣5G就不會(huì)只集中在大城市?！笨芍?，作者接下來(lái)可能會(huì)告訴我們“如何全面擴(kuò)大5G覆蓋?！惫蔬xA?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及段落大意，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀理解

Astudyfoundwirelesssignalsareabletopassthroughbagsandsuitcasestojudgethesizesofdangerousmetalobjectsandidentifythem."Theseitemscouldincludeweapons,chemicals,laptopsandbatteriesforbombs,"theresearchteamsaidonTuesday.

ResearchsuggestedthatWi-Ficannowbeusedtoestimatethevolumeofliquidssuchaswater,acid,alcoholandotherchemicalsforexplosivematerial.ThestudyledbyresearchersattheWirelessInformationNetworkLaboratory(WINLAB)intheSchool.ofEngineeringshowedawirelessdevicewithtwotothreeantennas(天線(xiàn))thatcouldbefittedinexistingWi-Finetworks.

Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.Theapproach,whichthepaperstates,worksbyseparatingthewirelessinterference(干擾)causedbytwofactorsofobjects-thematerialandshape."Mostdangerousobjectssuchasweaponsareusuallymetalorliquid,whichhavesignificantinterference,"researcherssaid.

Whenitwastestedonabackpack,theaccuracyratetopped95percent."Buttheaccuracydroppedtoabout90percentwhenobjectsinsidebagsarewrapped.Andthetechcouldsavelivesifusedinmuseums,stadiums,themeparksorschools,"theteamsaid,notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.

Ituseschannelstateinformation(CSI)thatisreadilyavailableinlow-costWi-Fidevices."Thiscouldhaveagreatimpactonprotectingthepublicfromdangerousobjects,"saidYingyingChen,aco-authorofthestudy,"There'sagrowingneedforthatnow.Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”

Thepeer-reviewedstudy,whichrecentlywonabestpaperawardatthe2018IEEEConferenceonCommunicationsandNetworkSecurity,isnowpublishedonline."Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes,"researcherssaid.（1）Whatdoesparagraph3talkabout?A.

Thefunctionofthetechnique.

B.

Thewaythedeviceworks.C.

Theprinciplethestudyisbasedon.

D.

Thebenefitofthestudyfindings.（2）What'stheadvantageofthedevice?A.

Itsavespeopleindangerofnaturaldisasters.B.

Itpassesthroughbagswithoutdamagingthem.C.

Itusesantennastopickupnetworks'signals.D.

Itprotectspersonalinformationfrombeingdisturbed.（3）WhydidtheresearchersstudythedeviceaccordingtoYingyingChen?A.

Tosavemoneyandlabour.

B.

TomakefulluseofWi-Fi.C.

Toprotectpassengers'privacy.

D.

Toresearchdangerousobjects.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“ameliorating"inthelastparagraph?A.

Confirming.

B.

Improving.

C.

Discovering.

D.

Examining.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，WiFi可用于可用于安檢。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.”這個(gè)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)分析信號(hào)在物體和材料上穿透和反射時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么?？芍xB。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.”可知，不用打開(kāi)和檢查人們的個(gè)人物品，避免了侵犯隱私，可知選D。（3）考查推理判斷，根據(jù)第五段中的“Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”

在大型公共場(chǎng)所，很難像機(jī)場(chǎng)那樣設(shè)置昂貴的安檢設(shè)施。檢查行李總是需要人力，我們希望開(kāi)發(fā)一種互補(bǔ)的方法來(lái)減少人力，可推知選A。（4）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes”今后的工作將繼續(xù)側(cè)重于提高識(shí)別物體和成像形狀及體積的準(zhǔn)確性，故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和段落大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解

"Actingistheleastmysteriousofallcrafts,"MarionBrandooncesaid.Butforscientists,workingoutwhatisgoingoninanactor'sheadhasalwaysbeensomethingofapuzzle.

Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.

DrStevenBrown,fromMcMasterUniversityinCanada,said,"Itlookslikewhenyouareacting,youaresuppressing(壓制)yourself;almostlikethecharacterispossessingyou."

Brownandcolleaguesreporthow15actors,mainlytheatrestudents,weretrainedtotakeonaShakespearerole—eitherRomeoorJuliet—inatheatreworkshop.Theyweretheninvitedintothelaboratory,wheretheirbrainswerescannedinaseriesofexperiments.

OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?Andwouldtheytelltheirparentsthattheyhadfalleninlove?

Eachactorwasaskedtorespondtodifferentquestions,basedontwodifferentpremises(前提).Inone,theywereaskedfortheirownperspective,whileintheother,theywereaskedtorespondasthoughtheywereeitherRomeoorJuliet.

Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.

Theteamsaidtheyalsofoundadditionalreductioninactivityintworegionsoftheprefrontalcortex(前額皮質(zhì))linkedtothesenseofself,comparedwithwhentheactorswererespondingasthemselves.

However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan"pretending"tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying(體現(xiàn))thetextandlanguage.（1）HowdidDrBrown'steamconducttheirresearch?A.

Byscanningthebrainactivityofsomeactors.B.

Bydoingasurveywithsometheatregoers.C.

Byinterviewingsometheatreteachers.D.

Byconsultingsomeexperiencedresearchers.（2）WhatisthefindingofDrBrown'sresearch?A.

Actingisnotasmysteriousaspeoplethink.B.

Actors'brainactivitydifferswhentheyareacting.C.

Actingisfarmorethanpretendingtobethecharacter.D.

Actors'brainactivityismoreactivewhentheyareincharacter.（3）HowdidPhilipDavisreacttotheresearch?A.

Hesupportedit.

B.

Hedoubtedit.

C.

Heexplainedit.

D.

Headvocatedit.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Adebateofhowthebrainfunctions.B.

AplaywrittenbyShakespeare.C.

Aresearchonthebrainactivityofactors.D.

Areportofthecooperationofscientistsandactors.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)對(duì)于演員大腦活動(dòng)的研究?，F(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動(dòng)模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?”一旦進(jìn)入核磁共振掃描儀，演員們被要求回答一系列問(wèn)題，比如:他們會(huì)去參加派對(duì)嗎?由此推斷出Brown博士的團(tuán)隊(duì)是通過(guò)掃描一些演員的大腦活動(dòng)進(jìn)行他們的研究的，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.”結(jié)果顯示，大腦活動(dòng)的不同取決于所測(cè)試的情境。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)演員在扮演角色時(shí)，他們會(huì)使用一些第三人稱(chēng)知識(shí)或?qū)巧耐茢唷Ｓ纱丝芍狟rown博士的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，演員在表演時(shí)大腦活動(dòng)是不同的，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan‘pretending’

tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying(體現(xiàn))thetextandlanguage.”然而，利物浦大學(xué)教授PhilipDavis對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究并不以為然。他說(shuō)，表演不僅僅是"假裝"成某個(gè)人，它還包括文本和語(yǔ)言的體現(xiàn)。由此推斷出PhilipDavis對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究持懷疑態(tài)度，故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。第二段中的“Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.”現(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動(dòng)模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色，是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)對(duì)于演員大腦活動(dòng)的研究，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Beingabletolandsafelyisacriticallyimportantskillforallflyinganimals.Comparativelyspeaking,groundlivinganimalsfacenoparticularchallengewhentheyneedtostoprunningorcrawling,whileflyinganimalsmoveatmuchhigherspeed,andtheymustbecarefulabouthowtheyland.Hittingtheground,orevenwater,atfullflightspeedwouldbequitedangerous.Beforetouchingdown,theymustdecreasetheirspeedinordertolandsafely.Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently.

Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings.Inrecentyears,though,researchershavediscoveredanumberofinterestingfactsaboutbatflight.Batsarebuiltdifferentlyfrombirds,andtheirwingsaremadeupofboththeirfrontandhindlimbs(肢體).Thismakescoordinating(協(xié)調(diào))theirlimbsmoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances.However,theyaremuchbetterattheabilitytoadjustthemselves:abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit,somethingabirdcannoteasilydo.

Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Onedownsidetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenlandwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain.However,notallbatshittheirlandingspotswiththesamespeedandforce;thesewillvarydependingontheareawhereabatspeciesmakesitshome.Forexample,acavebat,whichregularlylivesonahardstoneceiling,ismorecarefulaboutitslandingpreparationthanabatmoreaccustomedtolandinginleafytreetops.（1）Whichofthefollowingisthetopicofthepassage?A.

Placeswhereflyinganimalschoosetoland.B.

Whyscientistshavedifficultyobservingbats.C.

Differencesintheeatinghabitsofbatsandbirds.D.

Waysinwhichbatsmovedifferentlyfrombirds.（2）Whichofthefollowingisafalseassumptionaboutbatsthatwasrecentlycorrected?A.

Theycannothearanysound.

B.

Theysleepupsidedown.C.

Theyflysimilarlytobirds.

D.

Theyhideintreebranches.（3）Theword"it"(in2ndparagraph)probablyrefersto"______".A.

thedistancetothenets

B.

thesenseofflyingheightC.

theflyingdirection

D.

theabilitytochangethespeed（4）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.

Batsmighthurtthemselveswhenlanding.

B.

Batscanhangupsidedownlikebirds.C.

Batscanadjustspeedbeforelanding.

D.

Batsandbirdslandindifferentways.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者用研究事實(shí)來(lái)證明蝙蝠在飛行及運(yùn)動(dòng)方式與鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)完全不同。以前人們認(rèn)為蝙蝠和鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)在運(yùn)動(dòng)方面沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別，但現(xiàn)在的研究證明蝙蝠的構(gòu)造不同于鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)，它們的翅膀由前肢和后肢組成，它們自我調(diào)節(jié)能力好，可迅速改變飛行方向，或完全逆行，這是鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)不容易做到的，而且蝙蝠飛行的另一個(gè)有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的！這不同于那些降落在地上或樹(shù)枝上的鳥(niǎo)。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的"Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently."提出了蝙蝠與鳥(niǎo)的降落方式及飛行的不同。第二段用研究證明過(guò)去認(rèn)為蝙蝠和鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)在飛行運(yùn)動(dòng)方面沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別是錯(cuò)誤的。尤其是"theyaremuchbetterattheabilitytoadjustthemselves:abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit,somethingabirdcannoteasilydo"可知蝙蝠與鳥(niǎo)的運(yùn)動(dòng)不同；第三段中的"Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,…"再一次說(shuō)明了蝙蝠與鳥(niǎo)運(yùn)動(dòng)方式的不同。綜上所述，可知，蝙蝠與鳥(niǎo)運(yùn)動(dòng)方式的不同是本文的主題。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings…Thismakescoordinating(協(xié)調(diào))theirlimbsmoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances."可推斷出，過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為蝙蝠與鳥(niǎo)在飛行運(yùn)動(dòng)方式與鳥(niǎo)沒(méi)有區(qū)別，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是不正確的，故也是要糾正的，故選C。（3）考查代詞指代。劃線(xiàn)部分的上下文說(shuō)"蝙蝠在自我調(diào)節(jié)的能力上要好得多：蝙蝠可以迅速改變飛行方向，或者完全與它（正飛行方向）相反的方向飛行，這是鳥(niǎo)不容易做到的。"由此可知，此處的"it"指的是飛行的方向。故選C。（4）考查推斷判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Onedownsidetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenlandwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain."可知，蝙蝠飛行的另一個(gè)有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的方式！不同于那些降落在地上或樹(shù)枝上的鳥(niǎo)，觀察到蝙蝠可以四處飛行，然后突然倒掛在頭頂?shù)奈矬w上。這種降落方式的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是蝙蝠經(jīng)常用力降落，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致疼痛。因此蝙蝠與鳥(niǎo)不同，蝙蝠可以倒掛著。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Expertsnotethatanunhealthylifestylecanputyouatgreatriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.Sodoctorsurgeustoeathealthyfoods,getexercise,stopsmokingandlimitouralcoholintake.Butthereissomethingelseyoucando.Anditisfreeandeasy.Smile!

Dr.Chockalingam,aheartdiseasespecialistinColumbia,adviseshispatientstosmile.Hesaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelpyourheart."Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringchanges.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive."Hesayssmilingisthefirststepinfightingphysicalandemotionalstressanditssometimesharmfuleffectsonhumanhealth.ThisisnotjustNewAgeadvice.Severalstudiessupporthisopinion.

Whenyoufeelstressedorunderpressure,yourbodyreleasesmanynaturalhormones(荷爾蒙)includingadrenalineandcortisol.Adrenalineincreasesyourheartrateandbloodpressure.Cortisolisthebody'smainstresshormone.Itincreasessugarinthebloodstream.Ifyouaretrulyindanger,thesehormonescanhelpyou.Theyarepartofwhatwecallourfight-or-flightresponse.

However,whenwearestressedforalongperiod,thesestresshormonesareever-presentinourbodies.Andthat,medicalresearcherswarn,mayleadtohealthproblems.

Researcherssaytheconnectionbetweenstressandheartdiseaseisstillunclear.However,theyclaimthatwhenpeoplearestressedforlongperiodsoftime,theymayhaveanunhealthylifestyle,whichcanleadtohealthproblems.

Dr.Chockalingamsaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelp.Hetellshispatientstosmile20timesanhour.Tosome,thatmightseemlikealotofsmiling.Orsomemightevenfeelfoolish...smilingforseeminglynoreason.Butasmiledoesnotinvolvedrugs.Itisnotinvasivelikeasurgicaloperation.Itisfreeandithasnobadsideeffects.

"Oncepeoplesmile,theyarerelaxing.Thisrelaxationdirectlylowersbloodpressure,improvessugarlevelsintheblood.Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth."Anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone'shearthealth.（1）WhichofthefollowingagreeswithDr.Chockalingam'sopinion?A.Smilehasthesameeffectsaslaughter.B.Smilecanbeusedtotaketheplaceofmedicine.C.Smileisbetterthananyhealthylifestyletohealth.D.Smilecanmakeourbodyproducebeneficialchemicals.（2）Whatcanweknowaboutthementionedstresshormones?A.Theycanlowerourbloodpressure.B.Theywillsurelyleadtoheartdiseases.C.Theycanbenefituswhenweareindanger.D.Theywillmakeusliveanunhealthylifestyle.（3）WhydoesDr.Chockalingamthinksmilingishelpfultoourhealth?A.Itcanmakeusrelax.B.Itincreasessugarlevels.C.Ithaslittlebadsideeffects.D.Itcanhappenfornoreason.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AThoroughAnalysisoftheCausesofHeartDiseasesB.OneThingYouCanDoRightNowtoHelpYourHeartC.OneThingThatIsCloselyConnectedwithStressHormonesD.TheClearConnectionBetweenUnhealthyLifestylesandHeartDiseases【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，哥倫比亞的心臟病專(zhuān)家Chockalingam博士建議多保持微笑，他認(rèn)為微笑可能是幫助心臟的一種方式。同時(shí)說(shuō)明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人們感到壓力時(shí)的身體反應(yīng)等情況。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringchanges.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive.”當(dāng)我們微笑時(shí)，大腦的線(xiàn)路會(huì)發(fā)生變化。釋放出的化學(xué)物質(zhì)更積極?？芍?，Chockalingam博士認(rèn)為微笑能使我們的身體產(chǎn)生有益的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ifyouaretrulyindanger,thesehormonescanhelpyou.”如果你真的有危險(xiǎn)，這些荷爾蒙會(huì)幫助你?？芍?，當(dāng)我們處于危險(xiǎn)中時(shí)，壓力荷爾蒙可以幫助我們。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth.Anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone'shearthealth.”如果我們微笑，我們就打破了壓力和健康之間的聯(lián)系。而且它可能會(huì)為每個(gè)人的心臟健康提供一點(diǎn)額外的保護(hù)?？芍?，Chockalingam博士認(rèn)為微笑可以使我們放松，從而有利于我們的健康。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“Dr.Chockalingam,aheartdiseasespecialistinColumbia,adviseshispatientstosmile.Hesaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelpyourheart.”哥倫比亞的心臟病專(zhuān)家Chockalingam博士建議他的病人保持微笑。他說(shuō)，微笑可能是幫助心臟的一種方式。以及結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容主要介紹了微笑能夠讓我們放松進(jìn)而有利于我們的健康，所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

NASAhasanewjoblisting,andit'snojoke.TheUSspaceagencyislookingfora"joker"tojointheirplannedmissiontoMars.

AmissiontoMarsisnolaughingmatter.Onaverage,theredplanetis140millionmiles(225millionkilometers)awayfromEarth.Atriptherewouldtakearoundeightmonthsinasmallspacecraft.AndMarshasacommunicationsdelayof20minutes.Thismeansthatastronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareply,whenanemergencyhappens.

"Whenyou'relivingwithothersinaconfinedspaceforalongperiodoftime,suchasonamissiontoMars,problemsarelikelytooccur,"JeffreyJohnson,ascientistattheUniversityofFlorida,toldTheGuardian.

ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithasenseofhumor."Thesearepeoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,"Johnsonsaid.

Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.Thenwecanfocusonourjobsinsteadofjustworrying.

Thereareotherexamplesofteam"clowns".OneexampleisthejourneytotheSouthPoleledbyNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen.Itwasadifficultjourneyfullofdanger.AdolfLindstrom,acookatAmundsen'steam,wasa"clown".Hemadepeoplelaughthroughthewholejourney.AmundsenlaterwrotethatLindstromwasthemostvaluablememberoftheteam.

Butifyou'rehopingthatyourfavoriteTVcomedianwillflytoMars,thatprobablywon'thappen.

"Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,"Johnsonsaid."Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer."

Besides,theymustbeintopphysicalcondition.（1）WhatisNASA'snewjoblisting?A.

Afunnyengineer.

B.

Atalentedclown.

C.

Agoodcook.

D.

Apopularcom